CEg基体及其纤维缠绕复合材料耐热性能研究

针对纤维缠绕的特点，对氰酸酯（CE）树脂进行了改性（改性后的氰酸酯树脂称为CEg基体），改性的目的是不仅使CE树脂适合纤维缠绕工艺，而且不降低纯CE树脂及其复合材料的耐热性能。通过实验摸索出适合纤维缠绕工艺的CEg基体配方及其工艺参数、固化参数。用SEM（扫描电镜）研究了T700／CE以及T700／CEg复合材料的剪切断口形貌；用TG／DTA研究了氰酸酯树脂改性前、后的复合材料热分解温度；用DSC研究了CE和CEg基体的玻璃化温度。研究结果表明：CEg基体最显著的特点是不仅使纤维缠绕工艺和固化工艺简单易行，而且不降低纯氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的耐热性能。改性后的氰酸酯树脂可以充分发挥氰酸酯树脂的耐高温优势，这是本研究的特点，达到了预期的效果。     

纤维热熔法缠绕用氰酸酯树脂基体研究

用DSC和VHR方法研究催化剂二月桂酸二丁基锡（DBTDL）对双酚A氰酸酯及环氧改性氰酸酯体系反应的影响。根据纤维热熔缠绕要求，研制出工艺适用的改性氰酸酯树脂基体。热熔工作温度100℃。碳纤维增强复合材料层剪强度测试结果表明，基体适用于纤维热熔法缠绕复合材料。     

改性氰酸酯纤维缠绕工艺研究

本文采用环氧树脂改性氰酸酯树脂,研究出适用于纤维湿法缠绕的低粘度并具有较高耐热性能的改性树脂体系。通过试验研究确定了树脂体系的纤维湿法缠绕工艺,对改性树脂与碳纤维复合材料的力学性能进行了研究,并进行了标准容器爆破试验。研究结果表明：改性氰酸酯树脂体系的粘度小（420mPa·S,25℃）,并具有较长使用期（30小时以上）,完全适用于湿法缠绕工艺。使用改性氰酸酯体系缠绕的标准容器,其纤维方向复合材料性能相当于环氧树脂体系缠绕的容器,并且具有较高的玻璃化转变温度（Tg=232℃）,与现有的环氧树脂体系相比,玻璃化转变温度提高了30％～40％。     

纤维缠绕CEm基复合材料力学性能研究

为使氰酸酯(Cyanate ester,CE)树脂适合纤维缠绕工艺,对氰酸酯树脂进行了改性.改性的目的是在不降低纯氰酸酯基复合材料耐热性能的前提下,使氰酸酯树脂适合纤维缠绕.用TG/DTA研究了氰酸酯树脂改性前(略为CE)及其改性后(略为CEm)的复合材料热分解温度;用复合材料单向板研究了CErm基复合材料的力学性能,并与目前应用量大面广的环氧基复合材料的力学性能进行了比较.研究结果表明:改性后的氰酸酯基复合材料不仅可以充分发挥CE基复合材料具有的耐高温优势,而且能充分发挥复合材料0°方向的力学性能.     

用于辐照改性的PBO纤维复合材料的树脂体系配方设计及其性能研究

结合γ-射线辐照改性PBO纤维表面技术,将辐照介质(接枝体化合物)作为树脂基体的一个成分设计出环氧树脂基体配方.通过浸润试验、树脂浇铸体力学试验、纤维湿法缠绕工艺试验和Microbond界面剪切试验等方法研究了树脂基体的各项性能.结果表明,与另外几种常用的树脂基体相比,本文设计的树脂基体与表面改性PBO纤维的浸润性能和界面粘接性能有明显的提高.树脂浇铸体力学性能满足高性能纤维复合材料的要求.     

热固性树脂基体复合材料的应用及其工业进展

介绍了热固性树脂基体复合材料在航空航天、能源、电子、运动器材、高压管道及容器、建筑工程补强等领域的应用情况。综述了热固性树脂基体复合材料的研究进展及发展方向,其中包括:发动机壳体及喷管用树脂基体、光固化树脂基复合材料、纤维增强用的环氧树脂基体4大品种,环氧树脂基体的改性研究(氰酸酯树脂/线形酚醛树脂体系共改性环氧树脂,双马来亚胺树脂改性环氧树脂及热塑性工程塑料增韧)。     

航空航天用高性能热固性树脂基体应用及研究进展

综述了航空航天领域中应用较多的环氧树脂、氰酸酯树脂、双马来酞亚胺树脂和反应性聚酞亚胺等热固性基体树脂材料的性能、应用以及研究方向,介绍了国内外的最新研究进展,并提出今后的研究重点,即提高基体树脂和增强纤维之间界面强度,提高复合材料的稳定性,降低材料的加工成型温度,减少成本,提高树脂基体的韧性等。     

改性氰酸酯基复合材料力学和透波性能研究

利用低介电改性剂对氰酸酯树脂进行改性,制备了石英纤维/改性氰酸酯树脂复合材料,利用SEM表征了树脂及其复合材料的断面,并对改性氰酸酯树脂的耐热性能、力学性能、复合材料的力学性能及透波性能进行了研究。结果表明,改性氰酸酯树脂的玻璃化转变温度达到200℃以上,树脂拉伸破坏表现为韧性断裂,拉伸强度、弯曲强度和压缩强度分别在27MPa、69MPa和148MPa以上;改性氰酸酯树脂和纤维的界面结合良好,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和压缩强度分别达到447MPa、461MPa和259MPa以上;在0.5~18GHz范围内,介电常数为3.1~3.3,4mm试样的S21小于-1.6d B。     

二烯丙基双酚A对低黏度氰酸酯树脂的改性研究

为改善低黏度氰酸酯树脂基体的综合性能,研究了二烯丙基双酚A(DBA)对其的改性作用。通过粘温试验、DSC、力学试验、TGA、DMA、吸水率和介电测试等分析手段对DBA改性前后的树脂进行性能表征。结果表明:改性后树脂的粘度仍然满足直接热熔法的工艺性要求;DBA对氰酸酯树脂具有显著的催化作用,可以提高转化率;加入适量的DBA对氰酸酯树脂有一定的增韧作用,其中10%DBA的树脂冲击强度和弯曲韧性分别是未加DBA树脂的179%和165%;加入DBA后树脂基体的耐热性能、耐湿热性能和介电性能均有降低,但含量较少时仍满足应用要求。综合试验结果,当DBA含量为5%~10%时,树脂综合性能较好。     

5528氰酸酯树脂性能研究

对新型的5528改性氰酸酯树脂的介电性能、耐热性能、粘温特性和吸湿性能进行了研究,结果表明:5528氰酸酯树脂具有良好工艺性能,适合于湿法预浸和热熔预浸,介电性能优异,介电损耗正切值为0.005 26,远远低于纯氰酸酯固化物,而且对于频率的稳定性更好,适合宽频应用5。528氰酸酯树脂体系是适合高性能透波材料或高频印刷电路板应用的树脂基体。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。