络合萃取法处理促进剂二苯基硫脲生产废水

采用络合萃取法处理促进剂二苯基硫脲生产废水。结果表明:用煤油/二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P_2O_4)络合剂萃取出废水中的苯胺,废水中的苯胺质量浓度及化学需氧量(COD)大幅降低,当络合剂与废水流速比为1∶1. 5、络合剂溶液中的P_2O_4质量浓度为21. 3 g·L~(-1)时,废水COD去除率可达到97%以上,苯胺去除率可达到99. 5%以上,且络合剂损耗较小;处理后废水进入水处理系统,萃取出的苯胺经酸洗生成苯胺盐酸盐后用于防老剂RD生产,络合剂在废水处理过程中可重复使用,经济效益和社会效益良好。络合萃取法是目前较为先进的二苯基硫脲废水处理工艺之一。     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

苯胺生产过程产生的废水中通常含有硝基苯及酚，而硝基苯废水指生产硝基苯过程中产生的废水，该废水中通常含苯胺约几十mg／L、含硝基苯约几百mg/L。苯胺-硝基苯废水处理的难点在于提高废水的可生化性。目前，已有的预处理方法主要有物理吸附法、化学氧化法和络合萃取法等多种方法，其中络合萃取法弥补了物理法和化学法的缺点，更具高效性和高选择性，且萃取剂反萃取率效率高，     

脂肪酸甲酯处理含苯胺工业废水

采用正交实验设计研究了用脂肪酸甲酯处理工业苯胺废水的条件。实验表明:在影响苯胺废水萃取效果的诸因素中,影响大小的顺序为pH值、油水相比、溶液初始浓度和温度。在pH值=7,油水相比为2∶1,20℃的最佳萃取条件下,高浓度苯胺废水经萃取剂脂肪酸甲酯三级萃取后,苯胺去除率达99.98%。     

萃取-H103大孔树脂吸附联合处理苯胺废水研究

采用萃取-H103大孔树脂吸附联合处理苯胺废水,试验了各种条件对废水中COD和苯胺去除率的影响.结果表明,萃取的最佳工艺条件是:甲苯作萃取剂,pH为7.5,萃取剂与废水体积比为1:2,在室温(10℃)下振荡、恒温箱(25℃)中静置各10 min进行二级萃取,废水中COD和苯胺去除率均达到90%以上;以萃取出水作为后续H103大孔树脂吸附柱的进水,当pH为7.5,废水流速以2.5、3.5、4.5 BV·h-1流过吸附柱,出水中COD和苯胺质量浓度降至100 mg·L-1和5 mg·L-1以下,去除率分别达到92%和95%以上.     

综合处理工业盐酸苯胺废水萃取回收苯胺的研究

以制药厂主要成分为苯胺盐酸盐的实际工艺废水为研究对象，采用中和分层-水相萃取-蒸馏回收联合工艺对该废水进行处理。结果表明，甲苯及二氯甲烷具有良好的萃取效果且可重复使用，经系列工艺处理后，分离出的苯胺可进行套用或回收，实现资源的再利用；处理后废水中苯胺降至200 mg/L以下，COD降至3 000 mg/L以下。     

萃取法处理高含量含苯胺废水

针对橡胶防老剂RD生产过程中产生的含40g／L苯胺的废水，在比较多种苯胺废水处理方法优劣的基础上，选用甲苯萃取处理方案，通过试验确定了其主要工艺参数，设计了一套废水处理量20m^3／d的生产装置．生产装置运行结果表明，苯胺回收率达98．5％，与其它方法相比，萃取法具有设备投资少，操作简单，消耗低等优点.     

乳状液膜法萃取废水中氰化物的特性

针对氰化废水的特点,以三正辛胺（TOA）为载体、煤油为膜溶剂、液体石蜡为膜助剂、NaOH水溶液为内水相,采用乳状液膜技术处理工业废水中的氰化物。重点考察了表面活性剂用量、流动载体用量、内相液NaOH浓度等因素对氰化物萃取率的影响规律。研究结果表明：当TOA体积分数为2%、表面活性剂Span-80体积分数为3%、液体石蜡体积分数为1%、内水相NaOH质量分数为2%、油内比为1︰1、乳水比为1︰7、萃取时间为15min时,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率达到95%以上。在实验得出的最优条件下,考察最优条件对初始浓度不同的实际废水的适用范围,分别对初始浓度为322.23mg/L、483.35mg/L、644.46mg/L和966.70mg/L的氰化废水进行处理,可得该体系下处理氰化废水的较佳的浓度范围为300～500mg/L,氰化废水中氰化物的萃取率可达到95%以上。综上所述,乳状液膜法在工业上具有良好的应用前景。     

三辛胺改性活化蛭石对萘磺酸基废水的吸附性能研究

蛭石具有良好的吸附性、离子交换性能,在废水处理中有广泛的应用前景。天然蛭石由于层间存在大量亲水性无机阳离子,使矿物表面被一层薄的水膜包围,对有机物吸附能力较弱。为提高蛭石对萘磺酸基有机物的处理能力,本文通过酸活化预处理天然蛭石,以三辛胺(TOA)为有机改性剂对蛭石进行负载,制备TOA改性活化蛭石(TOA-Hts),使蛭石同时具有吸附-萃取双重性能。利用 XRD、FT-IR和BET等方法对其进行表征,并研究了溶液pH值、TOA-Hts投加量对吸附性能的影响,分析了TOA-Hts吸附机理。结果表明,废水中的R′SO^-₃主要是与TOA发生络合萃取反应吸附在TOA-Hts上,TOA-Hts比蛭石原矿对萘磺酸基废水的去除率提高90.63%,吸附量达到78.98 mg·g^-1,吸附过程符合Freundlich热力学模型和准二级动力学模型。     

苯胺有机废水处理技术研究进展

综述了苯胺废水产生的原因、危害及处理方法,重点介绍了目前常用的物理法、化学法和生物法。物理法主要包括吸附法、萃取法、膜分离法等,主要应用于苯胺废水的预处理阶段;化学法包括电催化氧化法、光催化氧化法、化学氧化法、超临界水氧化法、二氧化氯催化氧化法等,通过传质与化学反应的作用,将水中的有机污染物分离或分解为无害物质;生物法适合处理低浓度苯胺废水,对废水的p H值、物质组成、温度等都有比较苛刻的要求。介绍了新型的苯胺废水处理方法以及方法联用,如Fenton-混凝法、电子束辐照降解技术、吸附-双催化氧化技术等,对苯胺废水处理的发展前景进行了展望。     

无机离子对电Fenton法处理苯胺废水的影响探究

通过实验考察了不同无机离子对三维电极体系耦合电-Fenton法处理苯胺废水效果的影响。实验发现适当浓度的Fe~(3+)可促进苯胺的降解,Mn~(2+)、S~(2-)、CO_3~(2-)、H_2PO_4~-、Cl~-则在一定程度上抑制了苯胺降解。NO_3~-对降解苯胺的影响并不明显。实际工程中,可根据不同无机离子对Fenton法影响程度,采取相应的预处理措施,保证苯胺废水处理效果。     

苝酰亚胺类水溶性荧光化合物的合成

分别以对氨基苯磺酸、间氨基苯磺酸、苯胺 2 ,5 二磺酸为原料与四酸二酐反应 ,得到了 3种呈强烈黄绿色荧光化合物。由于水溶性荧光化合物目前在国内研究的比较少 ,因此 ,该 3种荧光化合物的合成对于酰亚胺荧光化合物的深度研究具有深远的意义     

三烷基胺萃取氨基磺酸及其废水的特性研究

p-Amino benzene sulfonic acid (PABSA) is selected as the solute with amphoteric functional group, Lewis acid and Lewis base, to be separated from its dilute solutions. An aliphatic, straight chain amine, Alamine 336, is used as the extractant, and kerosene, 1-octanol, chloroform, butyl acetate and benzene as the diluent. The effects of pH value of solution, extractant concentration, salt and types of diluent on the distribution coefficient, D, are studied. There is a peak of D value with pH value of solution, the polar diluents are favorable for extracting PABSA, and the salt in aqueous phase reduces values of D apparently. The extraction equilibrium is described using the mass action law, and the calculated data according to the proposed model agree with the experimental data well. Further, the extraction behavior for other amino benzene sulfonic acids, 1-amino-8-naphtol-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid) and 4,4′-diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DSD acid), is investigated in a wide pH value region. Finally. H acid and DSD acid are successfully removed from wastewater by the extraction with Alamine 336.     

氯仿萃取回收己内酰胺的研究

以萃取回收甲苯法生产己内酰胺废液中的己内酰胺为目的,选择氯仿作萃取剂,进行了萃取回收己内酰胺的研究。考察了原料液的pH、萃取温度、萃取时间等因素对氯仿萃取己内酰胺过程的影响。结果表明,在酸性条件下该萃取过程分配比随pH的升高而增大,当pH=7时分配比最大;萃取过程为快速过程,20 min即可达到萃取平衡;水相中硫酸铵和1-磺酸基环己烷羧酸对萃取过程有盐析效应,使分配比增大;萃取过程受温度影响不大,焓变值ΔH=2.86 kJ/mol。实验确定了pH=7时己内酰胺在有机相与水相中的分配平衡关系,当有机相和水相体积比为1时,三级错流萃取的萃取率可达到98%以上。同时,进行了工业废水的萃取验证实验,结果表明,氯仿对废水中己内酰胺的萃取效果良好。     

荧光增白剂MST-H的制备与性能研究

采用三聚氯氰和苯胺-2,5-双磺酸单钠盐缩合后,再依次与DSD酸钠和吗啉进行缩合,制得荧光增白剂MST-H。反应条件:一次缩合反应温度5℃以下,pH值2.5~3.5;二次缩合反应温度35℃左右,pH值3.5~4.5;三次缩合反应温度85~90℃,pH值7.5~8.5。探讨了产品的紫外吸收检测条件,并和国内外同类产品进行了应用效果的比较。结果表明,该荧光增白剂适合在20 mg/L的浓度下测定其吸光度值,白度提升率与国外同类产品相类似,耐酸碱性、耐硬水性能优于同类产品,具有良好的使用性能。     

溶剂萃取法处理苯酚稀溶液及其废水的研究

为探索工业含酚废水处理的适宜萃取剂,选用具有物理萃取和络合萃取作用的两类萃取剂正辛醇、甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)(以煤油为稀释剂)进行了苯酚稀溶液萃取性能的实验研究。测定了不同溶液pH值、初始苯酚浓度和TBP浓度条件下的萃取平衡数据,分析了各萃取剂萃取平衡的规律及机理。结果表明,虽然各萃取剂的萃取机理不同,但在酸性和中性范围内都可获得较大的萃取平衡分配系数,所以,这三种萃取剂的适宜pH值操作条件为酸性和中性,且在稀溶液的范围内溶剂的萃取能力为TBP > MIBK >正辛醇,而在极稀的苯酚浓度条件下(<20mgL-1),则为正辛醇> TBP > MIBK。同时,正辛醇、TBP处理工业含酚废水的错流萃取实验表明,若考虑通过单一的萃取方法使得废水中苯酚的浓度达到国家排放标准(0.5mgL-1),正辛醇为适宜的萃取剂。     

Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid

Electrochemical copolymerization of aniline and aniline-2,5-disulfonic acid (ADSA) was carried out in HCl solutions. The presence of ADSA inhibited significantly the growth of polyaniline (PAn), although the voltammetry of the copolymer was still similar to that of conventional PAn. As the ADSA concentration increased, the deposition rate of the copolymer decreased rapidly and finally no solid film was deposited on the electrode surface. When the ADSA concentration was lower than ˜ 5 mM, the depression effect of ADSA on the growth rate of the copolymer is mainly due to its stronger adsorption at the electrode surface. For higher ADSA concentrations, the inhibiting effect of ADSA was dominated by its termination effects, which led to more soluble oligomers and in turn resulted in lower deposition efficiency. Electrolysis of ADSA solution might result in a water-soluble fully sulfonated PAn.     

溶剂萃取法分离水溶性甘草黄酮

以三烷基氧化膦(Trialkylphosphine Oxide, TRPO)石油醚溶液为萃取有机相,从甘草浸提液中对水溶性甘草黄酮进行了萃取分离. 正交实验表明,TRPO浓度是影响总黄酮萃取的显著因素,相比(A/O)的影响次之,pH值的影响最小. 在pH 5~8的范围内总黄酮萃取率随pH值升高而逐渐下降;在pH 5~6的范围内甘草酸的萃取率随pH值升高迅速降低,在pH 6以上几乎降为0;总黄酮萃取率随相比的增大而减小,随萃取剂浓度的增大迅速提高;总黄酮的萃取率随温度的升高而下降,说明萃取黄酮的反应是放热反应. TRPO萃取甘草甙的萃合比为3. 通过溶剂萃取方法可实现水溶性甘草黄酮和甘草酸的分离.     

Separation and recovery of vanadium from leached solution of spent residuehydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst using solvent extraction

Leached solution, generated by oxalic acid washing of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst, was used for separation and recovery of vanadium. First of all, solvent extraction, using mixture of 20% (v/v) Alamine-336 and 5% (v/v) tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a phase modifier, was conducted to extract molybdenum completely at pH 0.50. Then molybdenum-free solution was used for vanadium extraction at pH 1.25 with 20% Alamine-336 and 5% TBP. Stripping of vanadium from loaded organic solution was performed with 1.5 M H₂SO₄ at O/A phase ratio of 5:1 where more than 99% of vanadium was stripped in two stages. The stripped vanadium solution was further processed by precipitating with ammonium hydroxide to recover ammonium-meta-vanadate which was calcined to obtain vanadium pentoxide. Finally a conceptual process was established for recovery of high purity vanadium pentoxide from oxalic acid leached solution of spent residue hydrodesulfurization (RHDS) catalyst.     

The separation and recovery of copper(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ),and cadmium(Ⅱ) in a sulfate-based solution using a mixture of Versatic 10 acid and Mextral 984H

We studied the separation and recovery of copper(Ⅱ), nickel(Ⅱ), cobalt(Ⅱ), zinc(Ⅱ), and cadmium(Ⅱ) from magnesium and calcium, using synergistic solvent extraction(SSX) in a typical hydrometallurgical waste solution. A mixture of Versatic 10 acid and Mextral 984 H, diluted with Mextral DT100, was used to obtain fundamental data on p H and distribution isotherms, as well as the kinetics of extraction and stripping. We also investigated the main effects and interactions of common solvent extraction factors: the extraction p H at equilibrium, the temperature, and the extractant concentration. The synergistic effect for extracting metals was confirmed. The results showed that the addition of Mextral 984 H enhanced the separation factors of copper, nickel, cobalt,zinc, and cadmium over magnesium and calcium. Compared with Versatic 10 acid alone, for a mixture of0.5 mol·L~(-1) Versatic 10 acid/0.5 mol·L~(-1)Mextral 984 H, Δp H50 values of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were found to be N 2.0, 3.30, 2.85, 0.95, and 1.32 p H units, respectively. The Δp H_(50)(Zn–Mg)and Δp H_(50)(Zn–Ca)values were 3.27 and 2.25, respectively, indicating easy separation and recovery of copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt,and cadmium. The extraction and stripping of copper, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium were fast, with 90% of the metal transferred in 2 min. We next studied whether the metals could be stripped from the extracted liquid selectively in sequence, by using sulfuric acid at different concentrations. The influence of the molecular structure of the oxime and carboxylic acid components upon the synergistic effects was identified by numerical analysis.Excellent separation of copper, nickel, cobalt, and zinc over magnesium and calcium was achieved with this synergistic solvent extraction system.     

二（2-乙基己基）磷酸/磷酸三丁酯复合萃取剂协萃对氨基苯甲酸

为强化两性官能团化合物的萃取分离性能,以对氨基苯甲酸（PABA）为被分离溶质,二（2-乙基己基）磷酸（D2EHPA）/磷酸三丁酯（TBP）/正庚烷的混合物为萃取剂进行了萃取平衡特性的研究,考察了溶液的pH值、D2EHPA浓度、TBP浓度对于萃取平衡的影响,建立了复合萃取剂协同萃取PABA的萃取平衡分配系数的表达式.结果表明,D2EHPA/TBP/正庚烷复合萃取剂萃取PABA具有明显的协萃效应,协萃机理为D2EHPA及TBP分别与PABA的Lewis碱性官能团（—NH2）和Lewis酸性官能团（—COOH）缔合形成亲油性更强的萃合物,且D2EHPA与TBP的浓度差异越小,协萃效应越明显.根据萃取平衡分配系数表达式拟合求取了表观萃取平衡常数,复合萃取剂的值远大于D2EHPA、TBP单独作为萃取剂的值,进一步证明了本文提出的协萃机理.