煤、石油焦混合燃料掺混石灰石燃烧特性的热重分析研究

应用常压高温热天平 ,对煤、石油焦混合燃料掺混石灰石的燃烧特性进行了细致的研究 ,探明了CO2 分压和Ca/S摩尔比对混合燃料燃烧及脱硫特性的影响规律。试验结果为大型工业循环流化床锅炉混烧石油焦并添加石灰石脱硫时的运行提供了可靠的试验依据。     

循环流化床锅炉掺烧石油焦的SO2排放特性研究

通过在一热态实验台上进行的石油焦与煤混合燃料燃烧的脱硫试验,讨论了燃烧温度、钙硫比和过量空气系数等因素对SO2排放的影响,为工业应用石油焦提供了必要的试验依据.     

油泥-煤混合燃料热解产物的研究

利用色谱分析技术对油泥-煤混合燃料热解产物的析出规律进行研究。研究表明油泥-煤混合燃料热解主要产物为H2、N2、CO2、CO、CH4、C2H6、C2H4、C3H8和C3H6。无机气体产量在热解温度900℃达到最大值,烃类气体产量在热解温度650℃达到最大值。热解产物产量在煤占混煤比例为40%时达到最大值。     

440t_h CFB锅炉掺烧石油焦二氧化硫排放特性研究

在440 t/h大型循环流化床锅炉上进行了燃烧不同比例煤和石油焦混合燃料时二氧化硫排放特性的试验研究。研究了燃烧不同比例的混合燃料、炉膛温度、过量空气系数和钙硫摩尔比对二氧化硫排放特性的影响。研究结果表明,过量空气系数和钙硫摩尔比的增加可以降低二氧化硫排放浓度。存在一个最佳脱硫温度,二氧化硫排放浓度最低,对于各种混合燃料最佳脱硫温度应在830～850℃之间。     

循环流化床中石油焦与煤混合燃烧SO2排放特性研究

在一座0．5MW1循环流化床热态试验装置上进行了石油焦与煤混合燃烧试验，研究了烟气中SO2的排放特性．对于石油焦与煤不同燃料配比，不同锅炉运行参数，如过量空气系数、床温、一次风率、Ca／S比等对烟气中SO2排放浓度的影响规律进行了研究．试验表明：对不同配比的燃料，随过量空气系数和一次风率的增大，SO2排放浓度降低；对于床温有一最佳温度，其SO2排放浓度最低；随Ca／S增大，SO2排放浓度降低。     

超临界W火焰锅炉燃用劣质燃料燃烧优化研究

针对W火焰锅炉运行中热效率偏低问题,对燃用的烟煤、石油焦、越南无烟煤等主要煤种开展配煤掺烧,以降低燃料成本、提高锅炉效率。从燃用煤质适应性分析、W火焰锅炉燃烧过程数值模拟和混煤掺烧优化试验3方面,研究了石油焦和越南无烟煤不同掺混比例下热解和燃烧过程特性,制定了掺烧策略并通过燃烧过程模拟研究和掺烧优化试验找到了合适的配煤掺烧方法,解决了锅炉效率低、飞灰含碳量较高、锅炉排烟温度高等问题,实现了节能降耗、提高经济效益的目的。     

石油焦燃烧特性和污染物排放浓度试验研究

石油焦是炼油厂延迟焦化装置的副产品，可作为循环流化床的燃料。石油焦成人与特性和煤有很大不同，它的燃烧特性和污染物的排放浓度亦与煤有很大区别。本文试验研究了石油焦的燃烧特性和污染物的生成特性。这些研究结果对石油焦循环流化床锅炉设计有指导作用。     

循环流化床中石油焦与煤混合燃烧温度场研究

石油焦是炼油工艺的副产品．具有低灰分、一定挥发份和高热值的特性。焦中含有相当多的硫、氮元素和钒、镍等碱金属元素．这些成分在石油焦燃烧时可造成锅炉内腐蚀和沾污。经过技术对比认为：利用循环流化床燃烧技术将石油焦与煤混合燃烧是高效、清洁回收利用石油焦的有效方法。本文在热输入率为0．5MW的循环流化床热态试验装置上进行了石油焦与煤掺混燃烧炉内温度场研究,分析了石油焦与煤不同燃料配比,不同锅炉运行参数,如一次风率、过量空气系数、Ca／S比和给料量等对炉内温度场分布的影响规律。     

燃用石油焦和煤添加脱硫剂循环流化床锅炉热效率计算

论述了循环流化床锅炉燃用石油焦和煤添加石灰石时对锅炉热效率计算的影响．通过分析循环流化床锅炉燃用石油焦和煤混合燃料添加脱硫剂时的物料平衡和灰平衡。得出采用国标GB10184-88《电站锅炉性能试验规程》计算锅炉热效率时，要对热量、烟气量和灰量进行修正。结合一台220t／h CFB锅炉实例，计算出实际测试工况下的热效率为89．5％。     

煤焦混粉燃烧的试验研究

在对烟煤与石油焦燃料特性和混磨特性研究的基础上，利用燃焦粉量为200kg／h的试验装置，对煤焦混粉燃烧特性进行了深入的研究。试验得出：石油焦的热解特性类似无烟煤，燃烧特性类似贫煤；在储仓式钢球磨系统中，当控制掺焦量在30％以内时，不粘磨，且输送时煤粉与焦粉分离也小，呈现良好磨制性能。在试验条件下，煤焦混合粉燃烧时，着火性能变化不大，但机械不完全燃烧损失(主要是飞灰含碳量)随掺焦量的增加而增加，直接影响到燃烧效率。     

The Canadian synthetic fuel industry—a major user of hydrogen

Oil sands and coal will be the dominant future sources of synthetic fuels in Canada. Proved recoverable reserves of oil sands are equivalent to 54 y of supply at current petroleum production rates; established recoverable coal reserves could meet both Canada's petroleum and coal requirements (at current production rates) for 58 y. It is expected that advances in technology will extend these figures by many hundreds of years.Current production from oil sands is equivalent to roughly 10% of Canada's petroleum energy demand. The hydrogen requirement for the existing oil sand plants is 160 million scf per day, and this figure is expected to increase to at least 1000 million scf per day before the year 2005. Natural gas is the current source of hydrogen but coke gasification and electrolysis of water are potential future sources of supply. A combination of coke gasification and electrolysis, with the oxygen generated from the latter being used for the gasification reaction, shows promise.No commercial coal conversion plants exist in Canada, but extensive laboratory and bench unit testing of both pyrolysis and liquefaction processes are underway. Two-staged liquefaction processing has been shown to give higher liquid yields with lower hydrogen consumption and warrants further research and development. Due to the lower hydrogen content of coal, the hydrogen requirements for coal liquefaction plants will be more than double that of oil sand plants of equivalent output.     

Solid solvent refined coal—a building block

In addition to a primary emphasis as a near term, cost effective, clean boiler fuel, solid solvent refined coal (SRC-I) has unique potential as an intermediate to produce products of vital importance to several of the basic industries in the U.S.A. These include the aluminium, steel, chemical, and petroleum industries, in addition to the electric utilities. Solid SRC can be hydrotreated catalytically to produce liquid fuels and aromatic chemicals using technology which is commercially proven on petroleum residuums. At comparable product cost, these liquids would be lower in sulphur and nitrogen than competitive one-stage coal liquefaction processes. Thus, coal can be converted to products to serve the major uses of petroleum, i.e. transportation fuels and fuel oils which will facilitate displacing the imported petroleum currently serving these markets. Secondly, solid SRC can be coked and calcined to produce anode quality coke for the aluminium industry. Currently, carbon anodes, which are an essential component of the Hall smelting process, are being produced from petroleum based coke. Thirdly, metallurgical Formcoke used in steel industry blast furnaces can be produced by processing solid SRC with hydrocarbonized non-metallurgical grade coals. the process using SRC as the binder is continuous, environmentally acceptable, and economic as compared to the batch coke over route using coking coals. Solid SRC, with its uniform properties relatively independent of feed coal, could solve many of the raw materials and fuel requirements of the aluminium, steel, and petroleum fuels industries.     

Further Investigation of the Impact of the Co-combustion of Tire-derived Fuel and Petroleum Coke on the Petrology and Chemistry of Coal Combustion Products

Abstract

A Kentucky cyclone-fired unit burns coal and tire-derived fuel, sometimes in combination with petroleum coke. A parallel pulverized combustion (pc) unit at the same plant burns the same coal, without the added fuels. The petrology, chemistry, and sulfur isotope distribution in the fuel and resulting combustion products was investigated for several configurations of the fuel blend. Zinc and Cd in the combustion products are primarily contributed from the tire-derived fuel, the V and Ni are primarily from the petroleum coke, and the As and Hg are probably largely from the coal. The sulfur isotope distribution in the cyclone unit is complicated due to the varying fuel sources. The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) array in the pc unit shows a subtle trend towards heavier S isotopic ratios in the cooler end of the ESP.     

煤/石油焦共气化过程中AAEM的催化转化行为

以富含碱金属及碱土金属的准东煤和石油焦为原料,在热重反应器上分别进行了水蒸气及CO2条件下的共气化实验,探究了AAEM的赋存形态对其转化行为及燃料气化特性的影响规律.研究表明,准东煤与石油焦在水蒸气条件下的共气化反应速率明显快于CO2条件,来自煤中的AAEM促进了石油焦的气化.在CO2气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用存在较大差异,盐酸溶态的Ca起主要催化作用,并在气化过程中生成CaS.而在水蒸气气氛中,不同赋存形态矿物的催化作用差异较小,气化过程中含Ca组分主要生成CaO.     

Cofiring multiple opportunity fuels with coal at Bailly Generating Station

Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO) has developed a long-term demonstration firing biomass and petroleum coke with coal at its Bailly Generating Station boiler #7, a 160 MW_e (net) cyclone boiler. This demonstration, funded by the US Department of Energy (USDOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) and the USDOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), has been developed as part of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) biomass cofiring demonstration program. The NIPSCO demonstration program — the triburn program — has involved designing and constructing a fuel preparation and blending facility. It then involved extensive testing of firing clean urban wood waste — biomass — with coal, firing petroleum coke with coal, and firing various blends of urban wood waste and petroleum coke with coal. Results of the extensive testing program have shown that the triburn blends of biomass and petroleum coke with coal have accomplished the following: (1) increased boiler efficiency, (2) reduced fuel costs; and (3) reduced emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), mercury, and fossil carbon dioxide (CO₂). At the same time, the triburn program has not increased other emissions. This paper summarizes the results of testing at Bailly Generating Station, discusses the impacts of petroleum coke and wood waste, discusses the synergies between these two opportunity fuels, and considers the implications of the demonstration.     

我国石油安全战略探讨

本文综合分析了我国石油短缺的原因,指出为保证石油安全,需要将石油短缺作为资源短缺的核心来制定各种战略;将石油安全问题分为石油高价位对经济运行安全的冲击和国际局势紧张时石油供应中断两个方面来考虑,以石油高价位对经济运行安全的冲击为应对重点,采取“以油赚汇、以汇买油”的战略减小运输风险、增加油品供应。同时采取技术与管理措施,提高能源效率,降低能耗。在综合考虑石油安全时将保障汽油柴油的安全作为石油安全的核心。加大石油资源勘探力度、开发非常规原油(如油砂、重油、油页岩)和替代液体油品(如煤液化油、水煤浆、甲醇、二甲醚、LPG、CNG、废塑料废轮胎裂解油、生物柴油、生物乙醇、生物质热解油品等)。