温差发电器应用于火力发电厂的分析

火力发电厂用锅炉吸收热能发电，而锅炉这一特殊结构部件既可以为热电效应为基础的温差发电器提供热源，也可以为其提供冷源，这为温差发电器应用于火力发电厂创造了条件。本文对应用温差发电器的可能性以及应用后火力发电厂的效率进行了分析，结论是可以提高火力发电厂效率，提出了锅炉各个温度区域如何应用热电器件的方法，并对在锅炉中应用温差发电器应该考虑的问题进行了分析。     

应用温差发电器降低锅炉排烟热损失

锅炉是一种特殊结构部件，既可以为热电效应为基础的温差发电器提供热源，也可以为其提供冷源，这为应用温差发电器创造了条件。应用温差发电器可以降低排烟温度，减少排烟热损失。文章对应用温差发电器的可能性以及应用后的效率进行了分析，结论是可以提高锅炉效率；提出了如何应用温差发电器件的方法．并对锅炉应用温差发电器降低排烟损失应该考虑的问题进行了分析。     

低温差下半导体温差发电器(火用)分析

半导体温差发电器的性能通常用输出功率和工作效率来进行评价，但在低温差对低品位能的利用上，只用工作效率来评价是不全面的。从[火用]的角度对低温差下半导体温差发电器的工作性能进行了分析，提出了[火用]效率，用炯效率来作为低温差下半导体温差发电器的评价参数。实验结果表明，随着温差的减小，半导体温差发电器的工作效率明显下降，但[火用]效率则基本稳定。     

非均质温差发电器的性能分析

建立非均质温差发电器(TEG)理论模型,考虑热电材料的非均质导热系数以及温差发电器与热源间的传热热阻的影响,分析非均质温差发电器的一般性能.讨论热电元件对数、热导率、高温热源温度对非均质温差发电器性能特性的影响.结果表明,相较于均质温差发电器,导热系数不均匀强度越大,非均质温差发电器的最大输出功率和最大效率越高;热电元...     

车用内置式温差发电器换热性能的数值模拟

本文针对提出的一种内置高强度温差发电器的结构,采用FLUENT软件对其对流换热系数、速度模量、径向速度进行分析,并和平板式温差发电器进行对比.结果表明提出的新结构在壁面换热方面优于平板式温差发电器,在节能应用中有很大潜力.     

简析锅炉飞灰影响因素及控制措施

火力发电厂燃煤锅炉燃烧的调整和优化直接影响到电厂的经济运行,飞灰含碳量是锅炉效率一个重要的调整和控制指标。通过分析燃煤的各种成分,结合机组运行中负荷的变化规律,采取合理的配风方式,对炉膛的燃烧及时进行调整,采取相应的控制方法,达到降低飞灰含碳量的目的,以提高锅炉的效率。     

火力发电厂自动补偿式炉膛压力测量装置应用前景分析

传统火力发电厂炉膛压力测量装置一般采用负压式取样筒,但取样筒由于炉墙内外温差及炉内烟气呼吸作用的双重影响极易积灰堵塞,造成炉膛压力测量不准,需要定期安排检修人员进行人工清理,清理时还需短时退出炉膛压力保护功能,给锅炉运行带来较大的安全隐患。采用自动补偿式微正压测量装置,可以有效解决炉膛压力测量装置容易堵塞的问题,不但有利于大幅降低炉膛压力测量设备的维护工作量,而且更有利于提高炉膛压力连续测量的可靠性、改善其动态性能、保证其测量精度,从而达到锅炉运行期间全周期投用炉膛压力保护的目的。     

温差发电技术及其在汽车发动机排气余热利用中的应用

介绍了采用半导体热电元件的温差发电技术的特征，包括对半导体材料的要求，适合作汽车排气余热发电的温差发电器的结构等，给出了美、日等国车用温差发电器的实例，还对相关技术的发展趋势作了分析。     

太阳能驱动半导体温差发电器性能参数的优化设计

应用非平衡态热力学理论,研究太阳能驱动半导体温差发电器的性能特性,确定发电器在最大效率时的优化条件,对系统的主要参数作了详细的讨论,得到一些有意义的新结论。     

一种新型汽车尾气多通道热能发电系统

根据温差发电原理,设计了一种新型网格状通气管式的温差发电装置,实现对汽车尾气热能的再利用。通过优化温差发电装置的结构,改变了水箱结构,增加了废热通道数量,能够贴更多的温差发电片,从而提高转换效率。通过UG(计算机辅助设计软件)建立汽车尾气温差发电装置的理论模型,经过计算,当温差等于100℃时该装置的转换效率约等于5.67%。与其他温差发电装置进行比较,热油式温差发电器在260℃温差下最大热能转换效率可达4.389%,而汽车尾气温差发电器输出功率随着烟气温度的升高近似成线性递增,热能转换效率较低[1],通过比较得出,本装置不仅提高了转换效率,且达到相同转换效率时所对应的温差值也相应减少。     

Investigation into topping cycle: Thermal efficiency with and without presence of thermoelectric generator

Thermoelectric power generation due to solar heating is a current interest in green energy research. One of the applications of the thermoelectric power generator is involved with the topping cycle, in which the thermoelectric generators were placed on the heat collector elements of a conventional solar concentration power plant. Although the topping cycle is practical and easy to operate, the efficiency of the thermal system with and without thermoelectric generator needs to be examined. In the present study, thermal efficiency of the topping cycle is analyzed and compared with its counterpart without the presence of the thermoelectric elements. Thermodynamic analysis for the efficiency of both the systems with and without thermoelectric generator is presented. The fluid flow and heat transfer in a tube with presence of thermoelectric elements resembling the solar heating system incorporated in the topping cycle are simulated numerically. It is found that, for a certain combination of operating and thermoelectric device parameters, thermal efficiency of the topping cycle becomes slightly higher than that of the same system without the presence of the thermoelectric generators.     

Performance review of a novel combined thermoelectric power generation and water desalination system

A novel combined thermoelectric power generation and water desalination system is described with a system schematic. The proposed system utilises low grade thermal energy to heat thermoelectric generators for power generation and water desalination. A theoretical analysis presents the governing equations to estimate the systems performance characteristics combined with experimental validation. Experimental set-up consists of an electric heat source, thermoelectric modules, heat pipes, a heat sink and an evaporator vessel. Four heat pipes are embedded in a heat spreader block to passively cool the bottom side of the thermoelectric cells. The condenser of these four heat pipes is immersed in a pool of saline water stored in an evaporation vessel which is maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure. The liquid to vapour phase change cooling method achieve low saturation temperature and offers a high heat transfer coefficient for the cooling of the thermoelectric generators. At the same time this method utilises the low temperature heat extracted from the cold side of the thermoelectric generator for water desalination. It was observed that at low saturation temperatures greater heat flux could be supplied to the thermoelectric generators with less heat losses to the atmosphere.     

抽凝机组耦合热电转换辅助调峰系统参数设计

  目的  为适应新能源电力并网需求,原有抽凝热电联产机组深度调峰供热改造已为重要途径之一。现有包括电热泵和电锅炉在内的热电转换装置为辅助火电机组调峰提供了潜在途径。  方法  以350 MW抽凝机组为例,建立了以热电转换装置辅助调峰参数优化模型,重点分析了热电转换设备参数对深度调峰性能的影响;其次,分别对比了电热泵和蓄热电锅炉两种典型热电转换系统在不同装置容量、不同放热速率下的调峰深度;最后,介绍了300 MW燃煤机组的煤耗率与污染物排放水平,指出本系统的节能效益,并给出热电转换装置的最优参数。  结果  结果显示:当电热泵的热功率为100 MW、放热速率与热功率相匹配也为100 MW时,机组的调峰深度达到最大值,为73 MW左右;当蓄热式电锅炉的电功率为45 MW、放热速率为100 MW时,机组的调峰深度达到最大值,为70.05 MW。蓄热式电锅炉的储热量在24 h中内略有增加,净储热量的数值为967.5 kWh。  结论  功率和放热速率是衡量热电转换装置辅助机组调峰能力的重要参数,且二者之间要有一定程度上的匹配性,针对不同情景灵活匹配热电转换装置的类型与参数可大幅提升机组的调峰深度。     

基于自适应模糊控制的制粉系统运行优化与节能控制

针对巴陵石化热电装置制粉系统电耗偏高、煤粉细度不稳定、控制参数波动大等诸多问题,通过理论分析和实验相结合的方法,研究系统的最佳运行工况,再以非线性控制理论为基础,对整个制粉系统实施全局自动控制,确保制粉系统严格工作在最佳工况区域以及该制粉系统的长期可靠运行。有效地控制了煤粉的均匀度,降低了制粉电耗,减少了炉水排放,锅炉热效率提高1.62%。     

基于新增水冷蒸发受热面的CFB锅炉环保提效实践

某电厂690 t/h CFB锅炉运行中存在床温整体偏高现象,直接导致了锅炉炉内SO_2和NO_x排放浓度偏高问题,严重影响了机组正常发电生产的环保经济性。在与锅炉厂家讨论分析燃烧煤种、实际运行条件、分离器效率、蒸发受热面布置等多方面因素后,得出锅炉炉内蒸发受热面面积过小是造成床温偏高的主要原因。为此电厂实施了锅炉新增水冷蒸发屏受热面技术改造项目,在保证新增水冷蒸发屏安全可靠运行及锅炉热效率基础上,有效降低了锅炉运行床温、炉内脱硫Ca/S、炉内NO_x生成浓度,提高了锅炉炉内脱硫脱硝的效率,提升了生产的环保经济性。     

Experimental study of a domestic thermoelectric cogeneration system

Thermoelectric application for power generation does not appear to be appealing due to the low conversion efficiency given by the current commercially available thermoelectric module. This drawback inhibits its wide application because of the overall low thermal efficiency delivered by typical thermoelectric applications. This paper presents an innovative domestic thermoelectric cogeneration system (TCS) which overcomes this barrier by using available heat sources in domestic environment to generate electricity and produce preheated water for home use. This system design integrates the thermoelectric cogeneration to the existing domestic boiler using a thermal cycle and enables the system to utilise the unconverted heat, which represents over 95% of the total absorbed heat, to preheat feed water for domestic boiler. The experimental study, based on a model scale prototype which consists of oriented designs of heat exchangers and system construction configurations. An introduction to the design and performance of heat exchangers has been given. A theoretical modelling for analysing the system performance has been established for a good understanding of the system performance at both the practical and theoretical level. Insight has also been shed onto the measurements of the parameters that characterise the system performance under steady heat input. Finally, the system performance including electric performance, thermal energy performance, hydraulic performance and dynamic thermal response are introduced.     

基于粗糙集理论的炉膛出口氧量最优值确定

炉膛出口氧量作为炉膛送风控制系统的重要参数,其改变会影响炉膛燃烧和锅炉效率.针对氧量最优值确定的问题,提出了改进的粗糙集启发式属性约减算法,并以某火电机组为例,综合考虑与供电煤耗率密切相关的参数,详细介绍了氧量最优值确定的过程.计算得到的氧量最优值与机理分析和实际情况一致,可以提高锅炉效率和供电煤耗率,并可以提高机组经济性.     

Magnetic testing methods of high-temperature steels

In this work the deterioration of the base materials of boiler pressure parts, steam pipes of power generators were investigated by magnetic testing methods. The coercive force and the magnetic Barkhausen noise were measured during the thermal shock fatigue process. Strong correlation was found between the above mentioned parameters and the remnant life of power plant materials.     

船用增压锅炉炉膛对流换热量的计算与分析

根据船用增压锅炉炉膛换热的特点,通过一种在前苏联1973年热力计算标准方法基础上改进的热力计算方法,计算对流换热在炉膛总换热量中的比例,并据此分析锅炉负荷与结构对炉膛换热的影响,其结论为船用增压锅炉热力计算方法提供了借鉴.实例计算表明,其结果较好地满足了要求.     

煤焦颗粒燃烧模拟在W型火焰锅炉炉膛设计热力计算中的应用

分析了炉膛设计热力计算中引入煤焦颗粒燃烧模拟的可能性和必要性,探讨了采用早期的锅炉机组热力计算标准进行新型的W型火焰锅炉炉膛热力计算的可行性及经验系数的取值问题,分析、比较了煤焦颗粒在实验室和炉膛内燃烧环境的差异,并引入氧量分布不均系数、区段充满度系数来考虑炉膛内颗粒表面氧浓度、停留时间等方面与实验环境的差异.在此基础上,建立了适合于炉膛分区段热力计算的煤焦燃烧模型,并最终将煤焦非均相反应的实验室数据应用于炉膛分区段热力计算,克服了目前炉膛设计热力计算仅考虑传热所带来的不足.在一台W型火焰锅炉上的应用表明,颗粒燃烧和炉膛传热相耦合的分区段热力计算模型能够揭示过量空气量、煤粉细度、煤种、负荷等因素对燃尽和传热的影响,适合工程应用.