超临界流体萃取天然产物传质模型

为开发超临界流体萃取天然产物过程简单可靠的传质理论模型,对其传质机理进行了分析,由微分质量衡算方程经合理简化得到了动力学模型的解析解.定义了新准数B_z(可以确切地表征萃取过程的动态传质状况)和特征时间t_k,当t=t_k时,-dr_c/dt取得极小值,其原因可能是由内扩散传质阻力与内扩散传质推动力（浓度差）相竞争的结果.采用此数学模型计算了完全萃取时间t_ex、萃取收率Y随时间t的变化以及流体流率Q对萃取收率Y的影响,计算结果与文献中的实验数据吻合良好.本模型简单可靠,可用于超临界流体萃取天然产物过程的预测、分析、设计、模拟和优化.     

EPA和DHA在超临界流体色谱柱中的传质动力学

用超临界流体色谱 (SFC)法研究了EPA和DHA在C18上的吸附和传质性能 .建立了色谱动力学模型并获得了模型参数 ,较好地拟合了实验流出曲线 .结果表明吸附平衡、轴向弥散、流体相传质和颗粒内有效扩散都是影响SFC分离EPA和DHA的重要因素     

两步扩散模型对超临界CO2萃取丁香油的数值模拟

基于扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程,首次建立了具有3个可调参数的两步扩散模型方程.该模型同时考虑固体颗粒内扩散阻力与内壁的阻力,能较好地描述超临界流体萃取过程.用两步扩散模型方程模拟了超临界CO<,2>萃取丁香油的动态过程,在实验温度与压力范围内模型计算值与实验数据的平均相对误差AARD在2.33%～19.48%之间,所有实验点的AARD为8.09%.而用扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程模拟,所有实验点的AARD分别为17.51%和8.13%,表明两步扩散模型对于超临界CO<,2>萃取丁香油的传质过程的模拟效果优于扩散模型方程和集总参数模型方程.     

陶瓷注射成型的研究

注射成型是可批量制备形状复杂陶瓷部件的一种先进技术,本工作研究了陶瓷注射成型悬浮体的流变特性,考察了不同注射工艺参数对成型过程和坯体质量的影响,对脱脂过程中有机物的热分解和热失重特性进行了分析,研究了脱脂机理及陶瓷部件的实际脱脂过程,制备了完好的大尺寸陶瓷涡轮转子和叶片。     

聚甲醛在新型陶瓷注射成型催化脱脂工艺中的应用

利用聚甲醛对酸性气氛敏感易分解的特性，将其作为主要粘结剂应用于陶瓷注射成型技术中，并采用了新型的催化脱脂技术，使得脱脂速度有了很大提高，实验样品主要粘结剂的脱除量在10h内即达到90％以上，记录了该过程中样品失重的情况，分析了脱脂阶段不同特征及其原因，指出催化脱脂过程速度的控制因素是气态催化剂和气体产物扩散过程，实验观察了脱脂过程不同时刻样品外围与中心区域的微观形貌，证明了脱脂过程由外围逐渐向内部扩散，对物料流变性能的考察表明物料为假塑性，有良好的流动充模性。     

流态化结晶过程中晶体生长的湍流传质模型

根据流态化结晶过程的流体处于湍流运动的事实,将多相湍流理论应用于晶体的生长过程,建立该过程的湍流传质动力学模型.模型计算与实验数据比较表明,湍流传质模型对扩散传质控制的晶体生长过程是可靠的.     

氮化硅陶瓷注射成型体脱脂过程的研究

陶瓷注射成型是制备复杂形状陶瓷部件的一种有效方法。在这一陶瓷制备技术中,注射成型体的脱脂过程是关键一环。本文针对尺寸较大、形状复杂的陶瓷涡轮转子、研究了坯体中有机物排出的脱脂过程。结果表明:在低温段(RT～300℃左右),埋粉性质对脱脂速率和坯体质量影响显著,而高温段有机物的排除主要以裂解形式,脱脂气氛和压力起着重要作用;对于尺寸较大,形状复杂的陶瓷注射坯体在氮气中加压脱脂更为有利。     

陶瓷的注射成型技术及其研究进展

陶瓷注射成型(CIM)是一种可净尺寸成型工艺,适用于体积小、形状复杂、成型精度高的陶瓷结构件。本文介绍了CIM的基本工艺过程,包括陶瓷粉体和粘结剂的选择、混料制备、注射工艺和脱脂工艺。重点阐述了粘结剂的性能及分类、脱脂工艺研究进展以及微注射成型和低压注射成型新技术。最后对陶瓷注射成型的发展趋势进行了展望。     

超临界流体萃取动力学模型(Ⅰ)

综述了目前用超临界流体从植物体中萃取油脂成分的萃取过程机理，建立了模型的假设条件以及不同籽油的萃取动力学模型，分析了传质过程的推动力和阻力、体积传质通量的表达式以及模型参数的计算和关联。     

超临界流体萃取筛板塔中二氧化碳/醇/水体系流体力学特性和传质性能的初步研究

在内径25mm的连续逆流超临界流体萃取筛板塔中,对超临界二氧化碳/乙醇/水和二氧化碳/异丙醇/水2种体系的流体力学特性和传质性能进行了实验研究;对实验数据进行了分析处理,得到了描述超临界流体萃取筛板塔流动特性的关联式,应用柱塞流模型对超临界流体萃取筛板塔的传质性能进行了模拟计算.     

Debinding behaviors of injection molded ceramic bodies with nano-sized pore channels during extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide and n-heptane solvent

Debinding behaviors related on changes in capillary pore structure during extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide and n-heptane, respectively were investigated for injection molded ceramic bodies consisting of skeleton pores of 68 nm. For the debinding processes, both debinding curves showed a square root of time dependence but significantly deviated in the middle or end period of debinding because of structural changes with pores during extraction. The debinding bodies experienced capillary changes having a debinding front separating the undebinded region with fluid state into the debinding region with pendular state in the wax-based green bodies. The debinding rate of the supercritical fluid extraction was five times higher than that of the solvent extraction because of a higher interdiffusion diffusivity and a formation of relatively large pore channels. An abrupt change of pore structures between debinded and undebinded region in the green bodies caused severe defects during the solvent extraction even at a low rate of debinding at 313.15 K, while the severity of the capillary changes was overcome during the supercritical fluid extraction and the debinded ceramic bodies were free from defects even at a high rate of debinding at 328.15 K. It is attributed to a reduction of the capillary stress developed on debinding front during the supercritical fluid extraction.     

Supercritical extraction of sunflower seed oil: Experimental data and model validation

In this work experimental results of sunflower seed oil extraction using supercritical CO₂ are presented, together with the outcome obtained by applying to the same data a theoretical model recently developed and further improved here.We performed extraction tests utilizing a supercritical extraction equipment having a volumetric capability of 100 ml; the seeds were milled to obtain different particle sizes (mean diameter between 0.19 and 1.2 mm); the range of pressure investigated was 280–550 bar, the temperature and solvent flow rate were maintained constant at about 40 °C and 10 g/min, respectively.The model accounts for the distinction between broken and intact oil-bearing cells and describes the extraction kinetics similar to the shrinking core models: it allowed satisfactory fitting of the experimental data and permitted to calculate the effective diffusivity of the oil in the seed, which resulted equal to 3 × 10⁻¹¹ m²/s. The reliability of the model is demonstrated by the fact that the value of the effective diffusivity, resulting from model optimization procedures, is similar for the various experimental tests.     

夹带剂对超临界CO2萃取过程的影响

超临界CO2 萃取技术是近年来兴起的一种高新物质分离精制技术 ,但其本身还存在着一些问题 ,如操作压力大、萃取时间长、对设备的要求较高、能耗相对也较大、提取能力小、萃取率有待进一步提高 ,从而限制了其应用领域的进一步拓展和大范围工业化生产的转化。采用夹带剂对超临界萃取过程进行强化 ,可有效提高萃取得率 ,降低操作压力等 ,因而成为人们研究的一个新方向 ,也将对超临界流体萃取技术产生重要的影响。本文就夹带剂对超临界CO2 萃取过程的影响及应用进行了论述 ,并提出了所存在的问题和研究方向。     

超临界CO2萃取生姜油实验研究与数值模拟

利用自建的超临界流体萃取实验装置,以CO2为萃取剂,考察了萃取压力、温度、流体流量及原料颗粒度等因素对生姜油累积萃取率的影响,由此确定了较佳的萃取工艺条件。基于萃取器微分单元质量守恒原理,建立了数学模型,并利用直线推动力近似理论拟合了总传质推动力及平衡吸收常数,对实验结果进行了数值模拟。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取生姜油实验研究与数值模拟

1 INTRODUCTION Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alter- native to conventional processes, such as solvent ex- traction and steam distillation for obtaining essential oils, is a novel technique especially attractive to the food, cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals industries. The extracts from SFE are free of solvent residues. In ad- dition, the process can be conducted at low tempera- ture, which is very important to preserve the quality of heat-sensitive products[1,2]. Ginger (Zing…     

CO2+共溶剂二元和三元体系的临界性质研究

The performance of supercritical fluid (SCF) as a solvent can be greatly affected by addition of an entrainer to the system.In this study,a constant volume visual method is used to measure the critical point of CO2 n-butyraldehyde,CO2 i-butyraldehyde and CO2 alcohol binary systems and CO2 entrainer trisodium salt of tri-(m-sulfonphenyl) phosphine(TPPTS) ternary systems,which provides us good theoretical basis for supercritical extraction and chemical reaction.The relationship between critical point and concentration of the entrainer are discussed.The phase behavior of binary system and that of ternary system are compared.The relationship between the concentration of TPPTS and critical point of binary systems are also discussed.     

Supercritical Debinding of Injection Molded Ceramics

Extraction of organic additives from extrusion-molded cylinders of alumina by a supercritical fluid is investigated. Hildebrand parameters alone are not adequate to predict conditions for optimal polymer extraction with supercritical CO₂. The results obtained with two models developed for the kinetics of binder extraction suggest that polymer extraction from green samples is controlled by diffusion without development of a reaction front. The solubility and diffusivity of polymers both affect the extraction rate, with opposite pressure and temperature dependencies.     

氮化硅陶瓷中压注塑成型技术(MPIM)研究及进展

首次采用中压注塑成型技术(MPIM)制得性能优良的氮化硅轴承球.研究了粘结剂配方、注塑成型、低缺陷排胶、气氛压力烧结等工艺参数对氮化硅轴承球致密度、力学性能、表面与微观形貌的影响.结果表明,喂料固含量55.51％、注塑速率5 cm/s、注塑温度90℃、注塑实际压力75 bar、超临界CO2萃取+热脱脂两步法排胶等工艺过...     

夹带剂对超临界CO2萃取茄尼醇过程的强化

夹带剂强化技术可显著提高超临界CO2萃取茄尼醇的萃取效率. 本工作在分析讨论萃取机理及夹带剂强化作用的基础上,研究了影响强化效应的夹带剂种类、用量、输入方式3个主要因素及其对茄尼醇萃取率的影响规律,并讨论了夹带剂与茄尼醇从萃取混合物中二级选择性解析的问题. 在设计夹带剂强化萃取茄尼醇正交实验的基础上,进一步分析了夹带剂用量、压力和温度影响茄尼醇萃取率的顺序及显著性. 最优强化萃取操作条件为压力25 MPa,温度40℃, 95%乙醇用量为1.5 mL/g. 并通过建立强化萃取茄尼醇的萃取率模型,对最优条件下超临界CO2萃取茄尼醇的萃取率进行预测,预测值为82.4%,与实验均值81.5%基本一致.     

响应曲面法优化超临界CO_2萃取猕猴桃籽油条件

以猕猴桃籽为试验原料,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应曲面分析法建立了超临界CO2萃取猕猴桃籽油萃取率的二次多元回归方程,探讨了压力、温度、CO2流量等关键因素对萃取率的作用规律。结果表明,萃取压力、温度、CO2流量对萃取率影响显著,萃取压力和温度交互效应影响显著。根据萃取率回归方程对猕猴桃籽油的超临界萃取工艺参数进行了优选,最优工艺参数为:压力31.7 MPa,温度40.2℃,CO2流量27.4 kg/h,该条件下萃取率高达32.57%,与试验值31.24%仅有4.5%的误差,证实了该方程的预测值与试验值之间具有较好的拟合度。超临界CO2萃取的猕猴桃籽油与己烷提取的油脂在脂肪酸组成上没有显著差别。