太阳能复合能源空调热水系统中热泵系统换热性能的试验研究

通过将太阳能热水系统和空调热泵系统结合,设计出太阳能复合能源空调系统.针对该新型系统中的热泵空调热水子系统进行研究,在标准工况下,分别对该系统的3种模式下的换热性能进行试验,数据分析结果表明该系统比传统系统更为高效的,其单独制冷模式下系统最高COP可达5.34,单独热水模式下的静态加热系统COP可达5.78,制冷兼热水模式下系统COP可达4.5.     

三用型水源热泵系统的设计实例

旅馆、酒店和会所,夏季需要制冷,冬季需要供热,全年需要生活热水,采用水源热泵系统,对部分机组的冷凝温度加以调整,该系统一机三用,夏季制冷、冬季取暖,一年四季制备生活热水,夏季制冷的同时制备生活热水,即免费制备热水,该系统比常规水源热泵系统更加节能;以大连长兴岛高尔夫球场会所空调、采暖、生活热水三用型水源热泵系统为例,根据空调、采暖、生活热水负荷,配备了三台水源热泵机组,分析了空调、采暖、生活热水三用型水源热泵工作原理;夏季空调制冷,制备生活热水,COP值达到5.72,过渡季制备生活热水、冬季空调采暖和制备生活热水的COP值达到3.75,有较大的节能效益。     

多功能热泵空调与热水负荷调节的理论分析与试验研究

为了解决多功能热泵空调兼制热水工况时热泵的能量输出与热水负荷和空调负荷之间的平衡问题,就必须根据空调或热水的负荷的变化对热水换热量和空调换热量进行能量调节.首先,对现有的几种能量调节方式进行了分析,针对各自的优缺点,提出了一种新的变流量调节方式,并进行了理论可行性分析;然后进行试验研究,实验结果表明,增加热水换热器循环水流量能加大热水换热量、减少空调换热量;降低热水换热器循环水流量能减少热水换热量、加大空调换热量.因此,可采用以满足空调负荷为控制目标,通过变热水换热器循环水流量的方式对热水和空调的热量分配进行动态调节.     

太阳能辅助空气源跨临界二氧化碳热泵热水与空调系统初探

提出一种结构与控制均非常简单的太阳能辅助空气源跨临界CO2热泵空调热水系统，包括太阳能集热系统、CO2热泵系统以及室内室外换热系统；针对不同气候条件，可采用制热、制冷、热水、制热十热水、制冷十热水五种运行模式，实现热水和空调两大功能，具有节能环保的优点。     

空气源热泵在学校热水工程中的应用

热泵热水机组是一种可替代锅炉的新型热水和供暖热泵产品，具有高效节能、安装灵活、管理方便。本文从安装、维护、使用及经济效益方面，将热泵热水机组与目前常用的热水设备进行对比、分析，并通过工程实例说明热泵热水机组在学校热水工程改进应用中的优越性。     

双能源空调解析

简要介绍了海尔双能源空调的集热水制热、热泵制热于一体的独特的产品性能、内部结构及电路控制。通过青岛汇海山庄使用该空调的实例，进行空调配置、冷媒系统、热源、空调热水系统的介绍。在利用直接蒸发制冷的户式中央空调中，海尔双能源空调能吸取热水供热的舒适性，使用效果良好。     

一种新型热泵-热水器联合循环系统的开发与优化

为满足家庭制冷和热水供应需求,一般需要热泵空调和热水器两套系统,夏季空调在制冷时会释放出冷凝热,如不加以利用会造成热量浪费和对环境的热污染。为充分利用家用空调系统的冷凝热,开发了一种新型热泵-热水器联合循环系统,按照最新国家标准,进行了室内机、室外机、热水器的设计与优化;通过采用两套独立系统的对比发现,新型热泵-热水器联合循环系统提高了设备利用率和安全性;与空调加电热水器、空调加燃气热水器和空调加空气源热泵热水器系统相比,新系统初投资分别可节约3.0%、14.8%和38.1%,夏季运行费用分别可节约42.6%、35.0%和28.9%。     

南京某酒店能源塔热泵系统设计案例分析

本文介绍了能源塔热泵空调系统的实际应用.通过与原空调系统运行费用作对比,证实了能源塔热泵技术在供冷、供热及生活热水三位一体系统中的应用具有推广意义.     

水源热泵机组在酒店冷凝热回收空调系统中的应用

介绍应用水源热泵机组的酒店冷凝热回收空调系统的工作原理及设计要点。结合酒店生活热水使用规律和空调冷负荷的逐时变化规律,以某星级酒店为例,确定水源热泵热回收机组的容量和蓄热水箱的容积,并制定水源热泵冷凝热回收机组在不同空调负荷率下的运行策略。最后,分析冷凝热回收空调系统的经济性及应用前景。     

热泵热水器展览会在上海举办

2008集中热水供应系统及热泵热水器展览会于9月3日-5日在上海举办。在展览会上展示的有关热泵热水器等空调制冷产品有：安徽滁州扬子必威中央空调有限公司的热泵中央热水机组;霖冷冻机械（上海）有限公司的空调热水机;江苏雪梅制冷设备有限公司的商用热泵热水器;上海日立电器有限公司的热泵热水器;佛山市泓辉空调电器有限公司的热泵热水机;北京同方洁净技术有限公司的家用空气能中央热水器;     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.