间冷开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀杀生剂应用现状

在传统的阻垢剂、缓蚀剂和杀生剂基础上,间冷开式循环冷却水系统的水质保鲜应用研究经历了连续投加阻垢缓蚀剂配合冲击投加杀生剂的发展阶段,未来的发展趋势是操作简易、性价比高且环境友好的阻垢缓蚀杀生剂的开发与推广。     

水质控制对循环冷却水系统运行经济性影响分析

针对安徽省电厂敞开式循环冷却水系统的运行特点,从浓缩倍率的控制以及阻垢缓蚀剂配方体系的选择等几个方面,研究了水质控制对于循环冷却水系统运行经济性的影响,另外对淮河流域电厂循环冷却水系统的合理处理费用进行了评估。研究发现:安徽地区电厂循环冷却水系统浓缩倍率可适当提高到4～5,且不同区域应采用相应体系的阻垢缓蚀剂配方;另外,采用淮河水系为水源的电厂,其敞开式循环冷却水系统的阻垢缓蚀剂费用应在0.15元/t左右。     

循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

以聚环氧琥珀酸、磺酸基共聚物、缓蚀助剂为原料,研制出一种循环冷却水无磷阻垢缓蚀剂,通过静态阻垢试验、旋转挂片腐蚀试验和动态模拟试验,对无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢性能和缓蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明,在循环冷却水系统中,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度为60 mg/L,此时的阻垢率95%,腐蚀速率为0.029 0 mm/a,无磷阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢缓蚀性能优良,可替代循环冷却水系统中应用的磷系水处理剂。     

国内间冷开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂工程应用进展

介绍了阻垢缓蚀剂工作机理,叙述了近年来国内间冷开式循环冷却水系统阻垢缓蚀剂工程应用开发进展。提出阻垢缓蚀剂的工程优选步骤为:全面现场考察;小试研究,通过静态和动态实验研发新型复配药剂配方,调试其静态和动态性能参数符合GB 50050-2007要求;投产运行,以小试研究成果指导,落实最为节能减排工程技术方案。认为间冷开式系统中的沉积物、腐蚀和微生物三者之间是互相影响且可以互相转化的,阻垢缓蚀剂应结合杀生剂同时使用,并采取适合的检测手段及时预测、评估和防范生产运行中可能产生的风险。     

烧碱生产装置蒸发循环冷却水系统水质稳定处理研究报告

烧碱生产装置蒸发循环冷却水系统水质稳定处理研究报告化工部第三设计院水处理研究所一、前言国内烧碱生产装置蒸发循环冷却水系统的水质稳定处理一般都是采用常规的方法，即通过加酸调节循环水的ｐＨ值，同时投加阻垢缓蚀剂来防止循环冷却水系统的结垢和腐蚀。由于蒸发器...     

高硬度水质阻垢缓蚀剂的筛选

采用碳酸钙沉积法和旋转挂片法,研究试验阻垢缓蚀剂对高硬度循环冷却水的阻垢和缓蚀性能,试验表明,阻垢缓蚀剂LXZH-512在一定浓度范围内,具有较好的阻垢和缓蚀性能,可以应用于循环冷却水系统。     

有机磷系阻垢缓蚀剂的降解对循环冷却水系统影响的预测

循环冷却水系统中有机磷系阻垢缓蚀剂的降解是关系到系统安全运行的重要因素。为保障循环冷却水系统的安全运行,以广泛应用的有机磷酸、有机磷酸酯和有机磷羧酸为目标,通过总结现有文献中关于上述药剂在天然水体和污水处理中降解的相关报道,预测了这些药剂在循环冷却水系统内的降解行为,分析了可能存在的降解途径和降解产物,预测了有机磷系阻垢缓蚀剂的降解对循环冷却水系统的影响。     

1种新型低硬度循环冷却水阻垢缓蚀剂的应用

针对我国南方低硬度、易腐蚀型水质作为循环冷却水补水对管道和换热器造成的腐蚀问题,复配出一种无重金属、不含无机磷的新型阻垢缓蚀剂WND-408,用碳酸钙沉积法和旋转挂片法检测该阻垢缓蚀剂性能,通过现场使用,观察该药剂的处理效果.结果表明,WND-408阻垢缓蚀剂使用量在60～80 mg/L时,碳钢腐蚀率＜0.075 mm...     

内陆核电厂循环冷却水处理方案的选择

针对内陆核电厂循环冷却水系统循环冷却水量大、安全运行要求高、补充水和排污水量大、部分水质指标要求高等特点,通过技术分析和经济比较后可知,采用加酸和阻垢缓蚀剂联合处理内陆核电厂循环冷却水方案的技术经济优势明显。动态模拟试验表明,换热器污垢热阻值小于0.3×10-4m2·K/W,腐蚀速率仅为0.000 486mm/a,此方案可维持循环冷却水在6倍浓缩倍率下安全稳定运行。     

新型阻垢缓蚀剂XD-2在循环冷却水中的性能研究

针对山东某电厂的现场循环冷却水水质,采用静态阻垢试验、挂片腐蚀试验和动态模拟试验对复合阻垢缓蚀剂XD-1与XD-2在高浓缩倍数下的阻垢缓蚀性能进行了研究与评价.试验结果表明,配合加酸工艺,当循环冷却水浓缩倍数为3时,新型水质稳定剂XD-2与XD-1具有相当的阻垢缓蚀效果,而且XD-2加药量小,具有较高的经济性,可以降低火电厂水处理运行成本.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.