2000年农用化肥氮磷钾消费比例的研究

本研究以作物能吸收的有效养分为基础，根据作物生长的养分吸收量计算单位面积上农作物的养分需要量，逐一差减土壤和有机肥提供的养分量，求出单位播种面积上逐作物对公肥养分的需要量，预测结果指出，２０００年农用化肥氮磷钾的消费比例为１：０．３８：０．２４，化肥的总需要量约为３５００万ｔ纯养分，其中氮肥２１７０万ｔ，磷肥８１５万ｔ，钾肥５２２万ｔ。     

高产小麦磷钾效应和适宜氮磷钾配比研究

黄泛冲积石灰性土壤在适宜施氮水平下磷钾不同用量及配比对小麦生长的影响表现为:(1)磷肥以中量施用水平(每公顷施用P2O5120kg)增产效果最好,分别比未施磷、低量施用水平(每公顷用P2O548kg)增产30.82%、20.27%,高量施用水平(每公顷施用P2O5192kg),虽然比中量施用水平表现出增产,但增产幅度很小,只有2.85%;(2)钾肥对小麦的增产效应小于磷肥,只有在施用磷肥的基础上配施钾肥,才能使钾的效应得到充分发挥;(3)小麦全生育期氮磷钾施用比例1∶0.5∶0.5为最佳,每公顷施用N240kg、P2O5120kg、K2O120kg效益最高。     

施氮量及控释氮比例对小麦定位效应研究

研究豫东潮土小麦适宜施氮量和控释氮施用比例。结果表明:小麦适宜的施氮量在210~285kg/hm~2,以施氮285 kg/hm~2的小麦产量和效益最高;小麦产量随控释氮比例的增加先增加后减少,以40%控释氮质量比例、施氮量210 kg/hm~2的处理较高。     

施用氮肥、钾肥对优质小麦豫麦47产量和品质的影响

氮钾营养对豫麦47面包强筋小麦生长发育具有较明显的促进作用,钾对分蘖的影响大于氮。其中N180K2O120S60处理产量最高(6314kg/hm2)。不同氮水平之间产量差异不大,表明过多氮素对产量和质量无益;不同钾水平之间产量有一定差异,中氮(N180)情况下施钾较不施钾增产4.6%～7.9%。本试验条件下小麦品质性状较理想的处理组合为N180K2O120,湿面筋含量为29.7%。     

三唑酮拌种防治小麦病害的产量因子

田间试验表明，用三唑酮拌种防治小麦病害对各产量因子的影响不同。处理穗数和对照没有差异；穗粒数比对照多２粒。在千粒重上，处理都有明显增加，干拌法更为显著，比对照多２．２克，其产量亦为最高。     

绿丰收对小麦生长及产量的影响

在小麦上喷施６００倍的绿丰收的试验结果表明，小麦叶片增大，叶绿素含量提高，亩产量增加了３６．６ｋｇ，亩穗数增加了１．９万个，穗粒数增加了０．９个，千粒重增加了０．３克。     

小麦喷施腐植酸钾增产效应试验

腐植酸钾叶面肥是陕西省三原有机肥研究所研制的一种新型高浓缩有机复合肥,经在多种作物上应用具有肥田,改良土壤,促进根系发达,植株健壮,籽粒饱满,抗寒耐旱,提高产量和品质等作用。本试验旨在进一步研究该产品对小麦生长发育的影响及增产效应,为大面积推广应用提供科学依据。     

对我国磷肥产量预测的一种方法

利用我国近3年各季度磷肥产量的统计数据,运用季节变动预测法中的温特斯指数平滑法建立磷肥产量的预测模型,对2004年各季度磷肥产量进行了初步预测。     

以熔融磷钾肥为基础的水稻专用肥应用效果

以熔融磷钾肥为基础设计了水稻专用肥,在黑龙江寒地水稻和江苏省一季中稻上进行多点田间试验。结果表明,水稻专用肥较常规施肥平均增产7.6%,氮肥增产效率提高5.8 kg/kg,氮肥利用率提高8.6百分点。     

活化磷肥、活化钾肥在水稻田间的肥效初探

为了明确活化磷肥、活化钾肥在水稻田中的应用效果,于2014年在湖北省应城市进行水稻田间试验,并对水稻的农艺性状、产量、分蘖动态以及株高动态进行了分析。结果表明,将活化磷肥和活化钾肥作磷肥和钾肥施用,其田间效果与传统磷肥和钾肥相当,提高了肥料利用率,实现了矿产资源的最大化利用。该试验为活化磷肥和活化钾肥在水稻田间的应用提供了依据,对资源的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

The effect of foliar supplements of potassium nitrate and urea on the yield of winter wheat

Winter wheat crops were grown with ostensibly adequate supplies of all soil nutrients in 1990 and 1991 with the aim of testing if late foliar supplements of K and N, applied at key development stages, could improve grain yield and grain N content. Foliar sprays of KNO₃ solution, supplying up to 40 kg K ha^–1 in total, at flag leaf unfolded, inflorescence completed and the watery-ripe stage of grain filling, had no effect on yield, yield components or grain N. Urea, supplying 40 kg N ha^–1 at flag leaf unfolded, had no effects on grain yield and grain N in 1990, but in 1991 grain N was increased by 0.14% whilst yield was reduced by up to 0.6 t ha^–1. Urea scorched flag leaf tips in both years. In 1990, the spring was very dry and foliar supplements might have been expected to have had an effect, but on this highly fertile soil all crop K and N requirements were met from the soil.     

活化磷肥在水稻上的肥效研究

采用活化剂对低品位磷矿粉进行活化处理制取的新型高效活化磷肥,应用于不同品种水稻的大田试验表明:活化磷肥较等质量过磷酸钙的产量提高6.4%～21.6%,每穗总粒数、实粒数、千粒质量、结实率均有不同程度的增加。活化磷肥的生产不耗酸,可用低品位磷矿石,磷利用率提高,有明显的经济和环境效益。     

一次基施缓释肥对小麦产量和效益的影响

通过不同缓释肥与普通肥料进行肥效试验,结果表明:一次性施用缓释肥比普通复合肥增产效果明显,小麦增产幅度在2.6%~17.1%;提高了小麦有效穗数和穗粒数;经济效益增幅在598.6~2 683.8元/hm2;缓释肥施用量减少15%的施肥条件下,小麦保持稳产。     

Spatial variability of n fertilizer application and wheat yield

The spatial distribution of two N fertilizer applications (one liquid and one solid) and the yield of winter wheat of a 1 ha field was analyzed at 247 locations. The N fertilizations, as well as their sum, were lognormally distributed, the grain yield showed a normal frequency distribution. Bidirectional semivariograms of all data sets indicated no range of autocorrelation. As a consequence, all data within each set could be considered as being spatially independent for distances larger than the smallest sampling spacing (2.5 m). The semivariograms of the fertilizer applications showed an anisotropic behavior with the largest variability perpendicular to the direction of movement of the spreader. This was caused by strips which had received less, or more, N fertilizer than the intended rate. On the other hand, the theoretical model of the semivariogram of the grain yield could be considered to be an isotropic pure nugget effect, indicating a high degree of spatial homogeneity. This homogeneity results from a yield decline whenever less as well as more than the maximum fertilizer amount was given, as could be concluded out of the yield response curve. The latter, constructed with all 247 measurements, allowed the calculation of the yield loss due to an uneven N fertilizer spreading: 71 kg grain ha⁻¹ at P = 0.09. The number of samples required to estimate the mean value of the N fertilizations and grain yield with a probability of 95% and a precision of 5% was 153, 65 and 9 for the liquid fertilization, the solid fertilization and the grain yield, respectively. These samples could best be located randomly within the field.     

磷资源加工研究进展:8.钾长石与磷钾矿生产缓释肥研究进展

介绍利用钾长石和磷钾矿为原料生产磷钾硅镁复合肥的基本原理和中试工艺流程。所得肥料枸溶率可达88%,其中w(K2O枸溶)为3.2%～4.2%,w(P2O5枸溶)约10%,w(SiO2枸溶)约23.97%,w(MgO)约12.13%。该工艺具有流程短、投资省的特点,同时把矿石中的硅也变成了肥料。肥料呈枸溶性,肥料利用率高,增产明显。     

资源型功能磷肥对早稻产量、养分吸收及利用的影响

通过田间试验研究资源型功能磷肥对水稻产量、养分吸收及利用的影响。结果表明,与高浓度磷肥(HP)处理相比,两试验点3个资源型功能磷肥处理(LP1、LP2和LP3)平均增产8.3%和7.6%,磷肥吸收利用率平均提高29.4%和20.7%。资源型功能磷肥不仅能显著增产,还能显著促进磷的吸收及利用,应该大力推广施用。     

印度磷、钾肥的消费及补贴政策

介绍近年来印度磷、钾肥的生产、消费和进口情况,以及2012年肥料补贴政策。未来几年,印度农业对磷、钾肥的需求将稳中有升;印度的肥料补贴政策不会再放开,补贴额将会事先订好,数额也将限定。