不同分子量葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合凝胶的流变学性质

采用哈克流变仪对不同分子量葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系的凝胶流变学性质进行研究。结果表明:葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶相对单一浓度的大豆7S蛋白凝胶具有较高的弹性模量;同分子量的葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶黏弹性质随葡聚糖浓度增加而增加;同浓度葡聚糖与大豆7S蛋白混合体系形成的蛋白多糖凝胶黏弹性质随加入葡聚糖分子量的增加而增加;同浓度同类型葡聚糖体系凝胶形成的起始温度Tp0.25相似文献   

葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白共混凝胶流变性质及微结构研究

采用pH监控,动态流变,激光共聚焦(CLSM)及图像分析技术研究葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)诱导葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白(SPI)共混体系形成凝胶的动态粘弹性质及微结构,并探讨凝胶形成动力学及形成机制。结果表明:添加葡聚糖可抑制SPI凝胶形成,使凝胶的粘弹性质降低并出现相分离现象,且葡聚糖浓度和分子质量对SPI凝胶结构具协同弱化效应;与对照样相比,加入葡聚糖后凝胶的微结构相分离程度随葡聚糖分子质量的增加而加剧,温度升高推动凝胶形成的速度弱于相分离的速度,并降低了凝胶的弹性模量值;凝胶形成动力学研究结果表明GDL诱导球蛋白-中性多糖共混凝胶形成动力学与模型方程G′(t)=G′f{1-exp[-k(t-t0)]}非常吻合,添加同浓度多糖条件下凝胶形成速率随葡聚糖分子质量的增加呈降低趋势。     

葡聚糖对大豆7S蛋白凝胶流变性质及微观结构的影响

采用小变形振荡流变及激光共聚焦技术研究葡聚糖分子质量对热致大豆7S蛋白凝胶的微观结构及动态黏弹性质的影响作用.结果表明:热致大豆7S蛋白凝胶的黏弹性质随添加葡聚糖分子质量的增加而增加,主要由于大分子质量的葡聚糖可以扩大其在葡聚糖/大豆7S蛋白混合体系中的空间占有体积和降低大豆7S蛋白的临界凝胶浓度所致.同时提高变温速率和葡聚糖分子质量对大豆7S蛋白凝胶黏弹性质有协同增加效应.增加葡聚糖分子质量7S蛋白凝胶结构逐步由相分离结构转变为互穿型蛋白-多糖双连续结构.     

燕麦β-葡聚糖对大豆分离蛋白酸致凝胶物理性质影响的研究

采用乳酸菌发酵法对大豆分离蛋白/燕麦β-葡聚糖混合体系酸致凝胶的物理性质进行研究,将不同分子量燕麦β-葡聚糖添加到大豆分离蛋白中,探讨燕麦β-葡聚糖浓度和分子量对SPI凝胶的脱水收缩作用、质构特性和持水性的影响。结果表明:保加利亚乳杆菌发酵产酸速率较快,并且对混合凝胶性质的影响优于嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌,为最佳发酵菌种。较高浓度或高分子量燕麦β-葡聚糖能降低SPI凝胶的脱水收缩作用,即减少乳清的析出;随着燕麦β-葡聚糖浓度的增加,SPI凝胶硬度和持水性呈下降趋势,而弹性和内聚性先增加后降低;高分子量的燕麦β-葡聚糖能够改善SPI凝胶的质构特性,并且增加凝胶的持水性。     

大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶冷致共混凝胶控释核黄素性能的研究

通过葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)冷致诱导热变性大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶(LBG)共混溶液形成凝胶,并对凝胶微结构、粘弹流变性、硬度性质、在模拟肠胃液中的溶胀性能及对核黄素的控释特性进行了分析研究。结果表明随多糖浓度的增加冷致凝胶微结构由蛋白连续相转变为多糖连续相形貌。添加多糖为0.05%~0.15%(m/V)范围时,伴随粘弹模量和硬度值呈增加趋势,随多糖量增加至0.25%(m/V)时凝胶硬度由峰值的46.7 g降低到38.2 g。凝胶弹性模量及硬度越大,随润涨时间延长,在模拟胃液中体积正向溶胀越大,而在模拟肠液中体积负向溶胀(即消减)愈小。荷载核黄素的共混凝胶在模拟胃液和肠液中的缓释性能与共混凝胶弹性模量及硬度值、微结构均一性及孔隙尺度呈正相关关系。     

商业橘皮果胶与大豆果胶流变性质的比较

通过流变学方法对商业橘皮果胶及大豆果胶溶液黏度及凝胶过程进行分析。结果表明：相同条件下,商业橘皮果胶的黏度高于大豆果胶;在形成凝胶过程中,商业橘皮果胶凝胶体系储能模量要远高于大豆果胶。果胶质量浓度为2 g/100 mL、蔗糖添加量为55、60 g/100 mL,葡萄糖酸内酯（D-glucono-δ-lactone,GDL）添加量为3、4 g/100 mL的商业橘皮果胶与相同条件下的大豆果胶储能模量差异不大;通过加入蔗糖及GDL或提高大豆果胶质量浓度,可明显提高大豆果胶凝胶体系的储能模量,增加大豆果胶的凝胶强度。     

盐法提取豌豆分离蛋白凝胶特性及影响因素

采用一种低变性的提取方法--盐法提取豌豆分离蛋白并使用流变仪测定其流变特性,结果表明：盐法豌豆分离蛋白最低凝胶形成质量浓度是5.5 g/100 mL,豌豆分离蛋白凝胶点与蛋白质量浓度无相关性。豌豆分离蛋白凝胶点随加热速率增加呈上升趋势。较高的加热和冷却速率能够增加反应终点储能模量（G’）和耗能模量（G”）值,因而降低凝胶强度。盐法豌豆分离蛋白凝胶韧性随蛋白质量浓度的增加而增大,且蛋白质量浓度与G’、G”值之间存在乘幂规律。tanδ值随蛋白质量浓度升高而降低,当蛋白质量浓度高于5 g/100 mL时,弱凝胶开始形成;当蛋白质量浓度高于7 g/100 mL时,tanδ值几乎保持恒定,表明凝胶弹性在此范围内基本恒定。比较盐法和商业豌豆分离蛋白凝胶性质后发现：盐法豌豆分离蛋白具有更好的凝胶性。     

基于色差变化研究大豆蛋白/葡聚糖溶液共混体系溶胶-凝胶转变特性

提出了一种基于色差动态变化分析大豆分离蛋白(SPI)/葡聚糖(DEXT)溶液共混体系GDL诱导溶胶-凝胶转变过程凝胶起始时间、凝胶完成时间和凝胶速度的定量化新方法。建立了色差亮度值(L*)随冷致凝胶时间(t)变化关系的Boltzmann函数数学模型:L*=L*2+(L*1-L*2)/{1+exp[(t-tg)/dt]},该模型的参数具明确物理意义。应用此模型研究大豆分离蛋白-葡聚糖共价复合物(SPI-g-DEXT)对SPI/DEXT溶液共混体系溶胶-凝胶转变过程特性影响发现:与对照相比,添加0.20%(m/m)SPI-g-DEXT,凝胶起始点时间被迟滞1.07±0.21 min,溶胶-凝胶转变过程完成时间延长了1.34±0.16 min,平均凝胶速度降低幅度达10.5%。当SPI-gDEXT添加量为0.30%~0.50%(m/m),与未添加共价复合物对照相比,凝胶起始点被提前,凝胶完成时间显著降低,平均凝胶速度因相分离作用显著增加,主因共价复合物空间位阻优于增容效应所致,且上述三参数变化趋势随SPI-g-DEXT添加量增加而加剧。     

超声增容对大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶冷致凝胶性质的影响

通过超声处理大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶共混溶液,并随后添加葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)冷致酸化制备刺槐豆胶增强大豆11S蛋白共混复合凝胶材料。结果表明,与对照样相比,经47.5 W功率超声强度处理4 min后,共混凝胶的强度有显著提高,且刺槐豆胶分散相所占孔隙率和平均孔隙直径分别降低了50.6%和34.6%。随超声处理功率的增加,孔隙率和孔隙直径进一步降低,表明有效改善了刺槐豆胶与大豆11S蛋白的相容性。共混凝胶强度随超声处理功率增加呈先增加后降低趋势,且超声处理样共混凝胶强度均大于对照样。     

加热和冷却速率对大豆蛋白凝胶特性的影响

凝胶性是植物蛋白最重要的性质。采用小变形振荡(动态)流变测试研究大豆分离蛋白凝胶网络结构形成。结果表明:在加热阶段,储能模量(G')和耗能模量(G″)都低于1 Pa,G'G″且基本保持恒定直到达到凝胶点。Tanδ值随着加热的进行逐渐降低,然后急剧下降,冷却阶段时降至最低且保持恒定,说明形成强而稳定的凝胶网络结构。当加热和冷却速率增大时(从0.5~4℃/min)G'值逐渐下降,表明最终形成凝胶强度下降;慢的加热(冷却)速率时(0.5、1、2℃/min)tanδ较小,说明相对于快的加热速率(4℃/min)形成了更好三维网络结构的凝胶;凝胶点和加热速率有关而不受冷却速率的影响。随着蛋白质浓度的增大,其凝胶G'值增大、tanδ值减少、凝胶点下降。因此,控制加热和冷却速率可以最大限度的提高热诱导大豆蛋白的凝胶强度,而不用改变蛋白质的浓度。     

Effects of disulphide bonds between added whey protein aggregates and other milk components on the rheological properties of acidified milk model systems

Micro- and nanoparticulated whey protein (MWP, NWP) were added to non-fat milk model systems and processed into chemically (glucono-delta-lactone) acidified milk gels. Model systems contained 5% protein in total and were made at two levels of casein (2.5% and 3.5%, w/w) with and without the thiol-blocking agent N-ethylmaleimide. The systems were characterised in terms of thiol groups, gel electrophoresis, particle size, and rheology during processing (homogenisation, heat treatment and acidification). The results showed that the formation of disulphide-linked structures in milk model systems was closely related to the increased particle size and rheological behaviour of the gels. MWP enriched systems produced, upon acidification, weak protein networks and required the addition of whey protein isolate (WPI) to increase gel strength. However, systems containing NWP exhibited pronounced increase in particle size and higher firmness of acidified gels through both covalent and non-covalent interactions.     

热处理及葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯对大豆分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响

探讨热处理以及葡萄糖酸-δ - 内酯诱导的酸化作用对大豆分离蛋白凝胶特性的影响。结果表明：热处理显著提高大豆分离蛋白凝胶的凝胶强度、表面疏水性、保水性。最佳工艺条件为：90℃加热处理40min。大豆分离蛋白经葡萄糖酸-δ - 内酯诱导酸化后,形成热处理凝胶的凝胶特性发生了显著的变化。     

不同冷冻处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶特性和结构的影响

为研究冷冻处理对魔芋葡甘聚糖凝胶特性和结构的影响,分别采用空气冷冻、浸渍冷冻和超声波辅助冷冻处理魔芋葡甘聚糖（konjac glucomannan,KGM）凝胶,通过质构分析、X射线衍射、低场核磁共振、差示扫描量热、冷场扫描电子显微镜观察分析KGM凝胶性质和结构的变化。结果表明,与空气冷冻和浸渍冷冻相比,超声波辅助冷冻可以加快凝胶的降温速率,降低析水率,提高凝胶强度,且不改变KGM的结晶度。与空气冷冻相比,300 W超声波辅助冷冻KGM凝胶的析水率和强度均达到最佳,析水率降低了23.56%,凝胶强度提高了61.23%。差示扫描量热分析结果显示超声波辅助冷冻可以提高凝胶共晶点,降低解冻温度。微观形貌观察结果显示,300 W超声波辅助冷冻KGM凝胶网络结构最均匀致密、孔隙最小。综合分析,使用300 W的超声波辅助冷冻可以有效改善KGM凝胶特性,本研究可为新型KGM凝胶食品的生产提供理论指导。     

酸化处理对真鲷鱼糜凝胶性能的影响

本实验以真鲷鱼糜为原料,通过探讨酸处理条件（温度和时间）、巴氏杀菌条件、葡萄糖酸内酯（glucono-δ-lactone,GDL）添加量对酸化鱼糜凝胶性能的影响,旨在开发出一种冷藏即食的鱼糜制品。结果表明：酸化温度为35 ℃,处理时间为1.5 h时鱼糜凝胶的破断力、破断距离和凝胶强度分别达到最大值524.23 g、1.019 7 cm和534.26 g·cm;热处理条件为68 ℃,45 min时,鱼糜制品在达到食品安全卫生标准的同时又具有较好的凝胶品质;随着GDL添加量的增加,鱼糜凝胶的破断力、凝胶强度、白度均呈上升趋势,而持水性逐渐下降;结合正交试验的初步研究结果,得到较优酸化工艺为：GDL添加量2.10%、酸化温度35 ℃、酸化时间2.0 h。     

Microstructure, rheology and storage stability of low-fat yoghurt structured by carrot cell wall particles

Plant cell wall particles derived from fruits and vegetables are natural fibre materials with a low calorie content that can be used as a healthy alternative to gum stabilisers and starches for structuring low-fat yoghurt. In this study we investigated the effect of cell wall particle (CWP) addition on the gelation kinetics, viscoelastic properties, microstructure, texture and whey loss of the set yoghurt gels as a function of CWP concentration, particle size and storage time. Three particle sizes of dried carrot CWP (d_0.5 = 34, 71 and 80 ??m) were produced from an industrial carrot pomace. Rehydrated CWP was added to skim milk prior to acidification. The results showed that the addition of carrot CWP accelerated the rate of pH reduction and induced earlier gelation. The gel viscoelastic properties were enhanced with increased CWP concentration. This was accompanied with progressive reduction in the whey loss. The smallest cell wall particles (d_0.5 = 34 ??m) gave better gel strength and lower whey loss compared to the larger CWP particles, possibly due to higher contact between the CWP and casein particles thus contributing to the stronger gel network. The CLSM images of yoghurt gels containing CWP showed that carrot CWP occupied the void space within casein particle network. The enhanced gel strength and reduced whey loss achieved by the addition of CWP were maintained throughout the 28 day storage period. The reduction of fermentation processing by almost 1 h, yet still achieving good gel properties for the yoghurt type product could be a significant benefit from a manufacturing point of review.     

Characterization of in-vitro gel performance of novel MC with respect to the suitability for satiety applications

Rheological properties of aqueous solutions of a novel methyl cellulose has been compared to the performance of a conventional methyl cellulose. Gel formation of these materials is trigged only by increased temperatures. The low gelation temperature of the novel methyl cellulose enables this material to gel at body temperature. Compression measurements of the gels at various concentrations were performed and the investigated gel strength could be fitted according to an exponential equitation. The comparison to alginate as a known gel forming agent by acidification and known as satiety inducing agent showed comparable gel strength at 37 °C. Therefore, a potential of the novel methyl cellulose for human weight management applications has been identified. Gel formation in the human stomach could lead to a satiety effect.     

酪蛋白-卡拉胶体系凝胶特性的研究

以酪蛋白－卡拉胶作为研究对象,研究了ｐＨ、ＮａＣｌ浓度以及Ｐｒ．／Ｃａｒｒ．对体系凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,凝胶强度受各条件变化的影响很大;持水性与凝胶强度、粘度成正比关系;在不添加ＮａＣｌ时,融点、凝固点与凝胶强度成正比关系,但添加ＮａＣｌ时,则与ＮａＣｌ浓度成正比关系;凝胶体具有热可逆性     

Rheological Properties of Soybean β-Conglycinin in Aqueous Dispersions: Effects of Concentration,Ionic Strength and Thermal Treatment

Steady shear and dynamic oscillatory measurements were used to investigate the effect of concentration, ionic strength and thermal treatment on rheological properties of soybean β-conglycinin in aqueous dispersions. SDS-PAGE and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that β-conglycinin exhibited partial denaturation and formation of aggregates during isolation. Under steady shear flow, strong shear-thinning behavior was observed with increasing shear rate from 0.001 to 1200 s^?1. A dispersion of β-conglycinin (≥5% w/v, without applying thermal treatment) exhibited gel-like dynamic mechanical spectra at 20°C. This suggested that β-conglycinin in aqueous dispersions showed rheological properties of typical weak gel-like (entanglement) or semi diluted polymeric solution. Weak gel network of β-conglycinin was susceptible to ionic strength, suggesting that electrostatic forces play an important role in the formation of weak gel network. These properties of β-conglycinin have practical significance for the food processors in the formulation of new products.     

Effect of transglutaminase on the functional properties of GDL (glucono‐delta‐lactone) cold‐set soybean glycinin gel

Cold‐set soybean glycinin gel was prepared by cross‐linking of soybean glycinin (non‐preheated and preheated) at pH 8.0 and 50 °C using transglutaminase (TG), followed by cold‐set acidification using glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL). Dynamic oscillatory rheological measurements (both under non‐preheat and preheat conditions) showed that there was a substantial increase in the elastic (G′) and viscous (G″) moduli of enzyme treated gels. The moduli also showed similar frequency dependence. The yield strains of enzyme treated gels were clearly higher than that of the gels without enzyme treatment. Texture profile analysis indicated that preheat and enzyme treatments have beneficial effect on hardness, fracturability and gumminess of gels. Thermal and enzyme treatments have synergetic effect to improve the strength of gels, which is also consistent with the results of rheological measurements. These results demonstrated that heat treatment followed by TG treatment and GDL acidification improved the functional properties of soybean glycinin cold‐set gel.     

琼脂凝胶质构特性的研究

研究了琼脂溶液浓度、pH、离子强度、Na~+、K~+、六偏磷酸钠(HMP)、焦磷酸钠(SPP)、三聚磷酸钠(TPP)对琼脂凝胶质构特性的影响。结果表明:影响琼脂凝胶硬度的主次因素依次为琼脂浓度、Na~+与K~+的摩尔比、离子强度、pH;影响琼脂凝胶弹性的主因素依次为琼脂浓度、离子强度、pH、Na~+与K~+摩尔比。影响粘聚性的主次因素依次为离子强度、琼脂浓度、Na~+与K~+摩尔比、pH。磷酸盐对琼脂凝胶硬度、弹性和粘聚性的影响主次顺序均为:焦磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠。