PET/MWNT/CB纳米复合材料制备与性能研究

采用原位聚合方法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/多壁碳纳米管/炭黑(PET/MWNT/CB)纳米复合材料,研究了MWNT与CB对复合材料导电性能、结晶性能和热稳定性的影响,考察了二者的协同导电效应。结果表明,当MWNT与CB复合填料含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,复合材料的表面电阻为10~(11)Ω。CB与MWNT在PET中能形成"共支撑"网络结构和复合导电通路,具有协同导电效应。二者对PET具有诱导成核与结晶作用,但CB的诱导能力要弱于MWNT。CB的添加对复合材料的热稳定性影响不大。     

导电聚苯胺纳米纤维对聚乙烯/炭黑复合体系电阻行为的影响

采用水溶液氧化聚合和热掺杂相结合的技术制备十二烷基苯磺酸掺杂的聚苯胺(PANI-DBSA)纳米纤维,并将PANI-DBSA纳米纤维与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和炭黑(CB)进行熔融共混制得PANI-DBSA/LDPE/CB导电复合材料,研究了PANI-DBSA纤维的引入对导电复合材料电阻行为的影响。结果表明,添加PANI-DBSA纳米纤维,复合材料的逾渗阀值移向较低炭黑含量,复合材料的PTC强度得到一定程度的提高,复合材料的电阻率-温度曲线的热循环稳定性得以改善。     

原位接枝聚合改性LDHs/PCL纳米复合薄膜的制备及氧气阻隔性能

以纳米层状双羟基金属氧化物(LDHs)为引发剂,通过原位聚合的方法在纳米LDHs表面接枝上了聚己内酯(PCL)分子链(LDHs-g-PCL),并将其与纯PCL采用溶液浇筑法制备出LDHs/PCL纳米复合材料,研究了LDHs-g-PCL的化学结构,纳米复合材料的结晶特性、力学性能、阻隔性能等。结果表明,成功制备出化学键合牢固的PCL包覆LDHs;随着LDHs-g-PCL的加入,复合材料的结晶度呈现出逐渐升高的趋势,但异相成核作用效率有一定程度减弱。LDHs-g-PCL的质量分数为10%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,相比纯PCL分别提高了31%和37%。LDHs-g-PCL的质量分数为50%时,复合材料对氧气的渗透性达到最低值,相比纯PCL降低程度高达78%,这与层状结构的LDHs显著延长氧气分子在纳米复合材料的曲折渗透路径必不可分。基于Nielsen的相对渗透理论来优化纳米复合材料的渗透模型,结果表明,LDHs/PCL纳米复合材料阻隔性能的提高不仅归结于层状LDHs发挥的阻隔效应,而且更重要的是LDHs-g-PCL加入引起的体积效应。     

基于共凝聚PTFE/炭黑粒子复合材料的制备和性能

在不使用凝聚剂的情况下采用下压式机械搅拌方式使聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)乳液和炭黑(CB)共凝聚,得到颗粒大小均匀的PTFE/CB粒子,然后用冷压成型和高温烧结工艺制备PTFE/CB复合材料,研究了烧结温度和CB含量对PTFE/CB复合材料的力学性能、导电性能和结晶度的影响。结果表明,烧结温度为390oC时复合材料中形成了均匀分布的微纤结构,力学性能最好;CB的填充明显提高了PTFE的力学性能和导电性能,当CB含量(质量分数)为2%时复合材料的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度从19.1 MPa增加至27.3 MPa,断裂伸长率从420%增加到525%。CB含量提高到3%的PTFE/CB复合材料结晶度最大,且CB在PTFE基体中形成了导电网络,电导率出现"逾渗",PTFE/CB复合材料具有抗静电性能。     

硅烷改性对n-HA/PCL生物复合材料亲水性影响

分别用KH560、KH570及KH792硅烷偶联剂对纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)进行化学改性处理,采用溶液热共混方法制备了3种改性的HA/聚己内酯(PCL)复合材料,并测定材料的亲水性能。结果表明:3种硅烷改性的HA/PCL复合材料的亲水性受到改性剂含量的影响。当改性剂含量较低为1.5%时,KH560对HA改性处理有利于提高相应复合材料的亲水性;而当含量达到5%时,复合材料的亲水性反而降低。对KH792改性剂来说,当改性剂含量较低为1.5%时,KH792对HA改性处理无助于提高相应复合材料的亲水性;而当含量达到5%时,复合材料的亲水性得到改善。     

炭黑/聚丙烯-聚(苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯)复合材料的介电性能和压阻性能

为了制备柔性较好的聚合物基压阻材料,利用熔融共混法制备了炭黑/聚丙烯-聚(苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯)(CB/PP-SEBS)复合材料,并研究了CB含量对CB/PP-SEBS复合材料介电性能和压阻性能的影响。结果表明:随着CB含量的增加,CB/PP-SEBS复合材料的介电常数、介电损耗及电导率均提高;CB/PP-SEBS复合材料发生导电逾渗时,CB的含量为12.2wt%;在CB/PP-SEBS复合材料发生弹性形变时,由于外力破坏了CB的导电网络,复合材料的电阻随着应变的增大而增大;循环压阻测试结果显示,在弹性变形区CB/PP-SEBS复合材料的电阻随着应变呈现周期性变化。研究结果可为制备具有稳定电阻变化的聚合物基压阻材料提供借鉴。     

导电硅橡胶泡沫材料的制备与性能研究

在硅橡胶基体中添加碳系导电填料(CB、CNT),利用超临界CO2发泡技术,制备了CB/硅橡胶、CNT/硅橡胶以及CB/CNT/硅橡胶复合导电泡沫材料,研究了混料胶料的流变行为以及发泡前后复合材料电导率、电磁屏蔽效能的变化规律。结果表明,CB与CNT均会阻碍硅橡胶复合材料的初始交联,导电填料含量越多交联越迟缓。CB/CNT/硅橡胶复配体系中更容易形成导电通路,当CB/CNT(1∶1)总含量为8%(质量分数)时,硅橡胶复合材料的电导率可达10^-5 S/cm,其电磁屏蔽效能(EI)为14~26 dB。发泡后,硅橡胶复合材料的电导率及EI值均有所下降。     

高电导率炭系复合高分子材料的研制

炭黑(CB)、石墨(C)、炭纤维(CF)炭系与基体树脂以特殊的工艺复合改性制得体积电阻率小于0.1Ω.cm的高导电高分子复合材料。研究了不同的复合体系(CB/PP)/SEBS、(PP/SEBS)/CB、(CB/SEBS)/PP及不同的配方与工艺获得的复合材料对导电性能的影响,结果表明,(PP/SEBS)/CB复合体系是最佳加工方式。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测试等方法研究了炭系导电材料在PP/SEBS树脂中的分散机理及复合材料的力学性能。实验结果表明炭系复合组分含量为60%的PP/SEBS导电复合材料具有超高电导率、优良的力学性能和加工性能。     

PVP/PCL纳米纤维复合支架的生物活性

以二氧六环/水为溶剂体系,以聚己内酯(PCL)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为原料,采用相分离法制备纳米纤维支架,研究了陈化、溶剂比例和PVP含量对支架的纳米纤维结构形成的影响,以及PVP的添加对支架生物活性和亲水性能的影响。结果表明,陈化直接影响纳米纤维网络结构的形成;溶剂体系和PVP含量均影响纳米纤维结构,随着PVP含量的提高纳米纤维结构逐渐消失。随着PVP含量的提高,支架的亲水性能提高。PVP/PCL复合纳米纤维支架浸泡模拟体液(SBF)后在其内部和表面皆生成碳磷灰石(CHA)涂层,表明该纳米纤维支架具有良好的生物活性,且PVP/PCL支架比纯PCL支架能更快诱导生成碳磷灰石。     

预制炭黑/尼龙6纤维网络在导电高分子复合材料中的逾渗行为

通过超声法将炭黑(CB)粒子固定在静电纺丝尼龙6(PA6)纤维膜表面,制备出一系列具有不同CB含量的CB/PA6导电纤维薄膜。利用热压成型法将制备的导电纤维膜与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)粉末热压复合,制备出CB/PA6/HDPE导电高分子复合材料(CPC)。扫描电子显微镜图片显示,CB粒子均匀地锚固在PA6纤维表面,且CB/PA6导电纤维膜在HDPE基体中形成连续的导电网络结构。研究了材料的导电逾渗行为,发现CB/PA6/HDPE复合材料的逾渗值仅为2.5%,显著低于传统的CB/HDPE复合材料的逾渗值(8.5%)。同时,由于CB/PA6/HDPE复合材料具有特殊的预制CB/PA6导电纤维网络状结构,PA6电纺纤维膜的含量在复合材料体系中也呈现出有趣的逾渗行为。     

Morphology and mechanical properties of bisphenol A polycarbonate/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) blends based clay nanocomposites

Two organic modified clays (Cloisite®30B (CL30B) and PCL/Cloisite®30B masterbatch (MB30B)) were used to improve the mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC)/poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of the melt blended nanocomposites revealed that partially exfoliated and partially degraded structure was obtained and the clay platelets were located mostly in the SAN phase and at the two-phase boundary. Dispersion of the clay platelets is better when MB30B were used. The mechanical properties of the clays filled nanocomposites vary accordingly and when MB30B is used better mechanical properties can be achieved. Tensile strength increases 41% at maximum as the CL30B loading is 5 wt.%, while elongation at break decreases dramatically. Impact strength can be improved up to 430% compared to the pure blend when 1 wt.% MB30B was used.     

Effects of carbon black-carbon nanotube complex fillers on the properties of isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites

In this study, the reinforcing effects of carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotube (CNT) complex fillers on the properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites were investigated using various methods. The surface of the CNTs was modified using a linear alkyl chain in order to create a homogeneous CNT dispersion in the iPP matrix. When the CB content that was incorporated in the iPP matrix increased, the thermal and mechanical properties of the iPP/CB nanocomposites were enhanced. Additionally these enhancements in the properties were similarly induced by introducing a small amount of alkylated CNTs (a-CNTs). In contrast, the CB/a-CNT complex filler was more effective for the iPP nanocomposites than the CB or a-CNT single filler in terms of the thermal stability and the electrical properties. However, the mechanical properties of the CB/a-CNT complex filler incorporated iPP nanocomposites were poorer than the only a-CNT incorporated iPP nanocomposites. Additionally, the complex filler did not overcome the nucleation behavior of the a-CNTs in the re-crystallization of iPP.     

导电炭黑改性PE-RT抗静电复合材料的形貌与性能

以耐热聚乙烯(PE-RT)管材料为基体,以乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)载体导电炭黑母粒(记作CBE)为导电介质,配以3.86wt%的聚乙烯-辛烯共聚弹性体(POE),采用双螺杆挤出工艺制备了具有导电网状结构形貌的PE-RT抗静电管材料,降低了复合体系的逾渗阈值,并将其与添加导电炭黑(记作CB)的体系进行对比,研究了CB/PE-RT和CBE/POE/PE-RT复合体系的导电性能、微观形貌、流变性能、力学性能及热稳定性能。结果表明:POE和EVA可以产生协同作用,POE的加入改变了PE-RT与EVA的黏弹性差异,EVA在基体中达到逾渗而形成连续的网络结构。CB优先分散在黏度低、极性较高的EVA相中,且POE能够抑制CB由EVA相向PERT相的迁移,CB在EVA相中容易达到逾渗,最终由于双逾渗作用而形成导电网络结构。CB能够提高PE-RT的结晶性能及CBE/POE/PE-RT复合体系的热稳定性能,且CB对CBE/POE/PE-RT复合体系的力学性能影响较小,在一定程度上解决了目前填充型导电体系中导电性能与力学性能之间的矛盾,并且POE对复合体系起到了增塑作用,保持了PE-RT管材可弯曲的优点,拓展了塑料管材的应用范围。     

热塑性聚氨酯/聚己内酯共混物的形状记忆和力学性能

利用简单的熔融共混制备得到不同组分比的热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)/聚己内酯(PCL)共混体系,研究了两相组分比的变化对共混材料相形态、形状记忆性能和力学性能的影响。偏光显微镜观察发现,随着结晶相PCL含量的增加,其逐渐从分散相过渡至连续相再发展为基体相。热性能测试结果表明TPU的加入对PCL的熔融行为影响甚微,整个共混体系基本表现出与PCL一致的熔点。形状记忆性能测试发现共混材料的形状记忆性能表现出明显的组分依赖性,并在组分比为50%/50%性能达到最优(R_r=91%,R_f=96%)。而力学测试结果表明,PCL的加入既不会显著劣化TPU原有的拉伸强度,还能进一步提高其断裂伸长率。     

Nanocomposites of poly(ε-caprolactone) doped with titanium species

Organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites were prepared via in situ sol–gel process. The organic phase is a biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), while the tetrabutyl titanate (TBT, Ti(OBu)₄) was used as inorganic precursor. Synthesis parameters like acidity medium and precursor amount were investigated in order to assess their influence on hybrid properties. The obtained nanocomposites were characterised by thermal analysis, spectroscopic techniques, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction to gather information on the structure of the nanocomposites. Mechanical properties and biodegradability were also evaluated. A reaction mechanism based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and NMR results was proposed using methyl acetate as model compound. TEM micrographs of the nanocomposites show a fine good nanoparticles dispersion. Acidic conditions and 10 wt% of precursor lead to a nanocomposite with higher mechanical properties and biodegradability than PCL.     

Rheological and electrical properties of hybrid nanocomposites of epoxy resins filled with graphite nanoplatelets and carbon black

Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) were prepared by microwave irradiation of natural graphites intercalated with ferric chloride in nitromethane (GIC). Intercalated structure of GIC was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. SEM images of GIC after microwave irradiation showed the exfoliation of GIC, the formation of GNPs. Hybrid nanocomposites of bisphenol-A type epoxy resins filled with GNP and a conductive carbon black (CB) were prepared and rheological and electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. Viscosity and electrical surface resistivity of the nanocomposites showed minima at certain mixtures of GNP and CB in the epoxy resins.     

Preparation and characterization of poly (styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites by melt intercalation

Poly (styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared by melt intercalation method from pristine montmorillonite (MMT), using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16) and hexadecyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide (P16) as the reactive compatibilizers between polymer and clay. The influence of the reactive compatibilizers proportion relative to the clay on the structure and properties of the SAN/clay nanocomposites is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effects of the two different clays (MMT and organic modified MMT) on the nanocomposites formation, morphology and property are also studied. The results indicate that the SAN cannot intercalate into the interlayers of the MMT and results in microcomposites. In the presence of the reactive compatibilizers, the dispersion of clay in SAN is rather facile and the SAN/clay nanocomposites reveal an intermediate morphology, an intercalated structure with some exfoliation and the presence of small tactoids. The appropriate proportion with 3 wt% reactive compatibilizers to 5 wt% MMT induces well-dispersed morphology and properties in the SAN matrix. The TGA analyses show that the thermal stability properties of the SAN/clay nanocomposites have been improved compared with those of the pristine SAN. The DMA results show that the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the SAN/clay nanocomposites have remarkably enhancements compared with the pristine SAN. At last the intercalation mechanism of the technology is discussed.     

The physical properties of polyurethane/graphite nanosheets/carbon black foaming conducting nanocomposites

Using polyester polyol and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) as basic component, and using graphite nanosheets (GN) and carbon black (CB) as conductive filler, polyurethane/graphite nanosheets/carbon black foaming conducting nanocomposites have been prepared by filling mold curing reaction. The morphology, electrical properties and mechanical properties of the prepared PU/GN foams have been investigated. It showed that the percolation threshold effect of PU/GN composite occurred at the content around 12 wt.% of the GN, which was lower than that of carbon black (CB) composite. Besides, PU/GN foams showed much better conductive properties and mechanical properties than that of CB system.     

石墨烯微片对尼龙6的改性研究

采用共混法制备尼龙6/石墨烯微片(GNPs)复合材料,研究了其导电性能、摩擦磨损性能及力学性能,并利用扫描电镜观察分析了材料磨损表面形貌,同时将其结果与炭黑(CB)体系进行了比较。结果表明,PA6/GPNs的渗滤阀值为15%(质量分数,下同),远低于PA6/CB的30%;GNPs的加入降低了材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,并在其含量为10%时达到最佳,分别降低30%和50%;提高了材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度,但冲击强度下降。CB的加入提高了材料的耐磨性、硬度,但摩擦性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均下降。