660MW燃煤锅炉掺烧生物质颗粒数值模拟研究

随着“双碳”目标的提出,生物质作为一种绿色零碳的清洁燃料,将迎来历史性的发展机遇。本文通过数值模拟手段研究稻壳、秸秆、木屑三种不同生物质颗粒以不同的粒径和煤粉掺烧,对比分析了不同生物质颗粒和煤粉掺烧时炉膛内生物质颗粒轨迹、停留时间和燃尽率的变化趋势。结果显示：生物质颗粒以10%热量比和煤掺烧,生物质颗粒在炉内有足够的停留时间保证燃尽,整体生物质颗粒燃尽程度较好,并从数值模拟结果中选取4种掺烧生物质工况用于指导设计。     

600MW超超临界燃煤锅炉燃烧特性数值模拟研究

为了能提升锅炉燃烧特性,改进锅炉结焦难题,文中选取600 MW超超临界、直流、对冲燃烧锅炉作为研究对象,选用CFD数值模拟方法对该锅炉炉膛内二相流动性、燃烧现象、传热传质特性展开了仿真模拟根据数据分析燃烧器位置和燃尽风位置温度云图、炉膛温度场云图以及沿炉膛高度方向O₂浓度、CO浓度、CO₂云图分布情况,阐述了炉内的空气动力场、温度梯度。最终对炉膛展开了仿真模拟,发现最高温度和较大吸热量均出现在燃烧器的顶部位置,最高温度可以达到2 000 K。炉膛中部氧气浓度值减少,每层燃烧器部分区域因为空气填补存有起伏波动,燃尽风区域得到很多填补,但是随着高度的升高氧含量逐渐降低。为后续炉膛内结焦难题的解决和运行燃烧的改善提供指导和借鉴。     

污泥掺烧方式对燃煤锅炉燃烧影响的模拟研究

为了确保燃煤锅炉掺烧污泥后炉内燃烧安全稳定并控制NO_x的生成,以国内某典型1 000 MW超超临界燃煤锅炉为研究对象,利用CFD软件计算研究了不同的污泥掺烧方式对锅炉温度场和NO_x生成的影响。结果表明：在燃煤锅炉不同层的燃烧器掺烧污泥,掺烧污泥的燃烧器对应高度均出现了温度的下降和NO_x排放浓度的降低;随着污泥分别由下往上在B,D,F层燃烧器进行掺烧,在炉膛出口处烟温升高,NO_x排放浓度降低;在保持F层燃烧器总热值不变的情况下进行掺烧时,能保证锅炉整体温度水平,掺烧污泥比例越高,炉膛出口烟温越低,NO_x生成量越少;在F层燃烧器掺烧污泥燃烧效果较好,有利于NO_x减排,是最适合污泥掺烧的燃烧器层。     

烟煤循环流化床锅炉燃烧数值模拟研究

针对1MWth循环流化床锅炉试验台设计,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT6.3,对炉膛内有无脱硫剂分别进行了燃烧数值模拟。结果表明:加入脱硫剂炉膛内煤燃烧的温度比未加入脱硫剂炉膛温度低;脱硫剂的加入使炉内压力发生改变;组分O2摩尔分数在密相区较高,随高度的增加而在减小,在稀相区变化较均匀,在炉膛出口处氧气摩尔分数变化大,浓度很低,CO2摩尔分数和O2摩尔分数变化情况恰好相反。     

燃煤电站锅炉空气分段低NOx燃烧影响因素的数值模拟

空气分段低Nox燃烧技术目前已逐渐用于现役燃煤电站锅炉的改造和锅炉设计中,通过CFD软件平台,使用数值计算的方法对空气分段燃烧技术进行研究.研究了影响燃煤电站锅炉Nox排放的因素,讨论了影响空气分段燃烧生成Nox的因素.计算结果表明,分段风喷口高度是影响最终Nox排放浓度的重要因素之一.在一定有效范围内,Nox排放浓度随着分段风喷口高度的变化并不大;分段风抽风量也是影响Nox生成的重要因素,Nox排放浓度随着分段风抽风量增大而降低.另外还需综合考虑实际锅炉的运行情况、经济效益和环境效益等各方面因素,进行合理的优化选择最佳运行参数.     

600MW锅炉炉内流动与燃烧过程的数值模拟

应用Euleriam/Lagrangian方法对四角切向燃烧炉内的流动、传热和燃烧过程者了数值模拟研究。为了获得较好的精确度,以实验数据为参照,进行了ＲＮＧ k－ε模型和 k－ε模型的比较,并采用新的方法对粒子紊流扩散进行了处理。最后,还对温度偏差进行了研究。     

预混合燃烧过程的数值模拟研究

对预混合燃烧降低碳烟形成的机理进行了数值模拟,并与仅有主喷射的燃烧过程的数值模拟计算结果进行对比,结果证明采用预混合燃烧确能降低柴油机碳烟形成。     

四角切圆燃煤锅炉掺烧印染污泥燃烧与NO_x排放特性的数值模拟

采用Fluent软件对四角切圆燃煤锅炉掺烧不同质量分数和不同含水率印染污泥时的燃烧特性和污染物排放特性进行数值模拟.结果表明:随着印染污泥质量分数的提高,炉膛整体温度略有下降,而NOx排放体积分数先显著升高然后平稳上升,其转折点是10%印染污泥质量分数;当含水率升高时,炉膛整体温度略有下降,40%含水率工况下的炉膛出口平均温度仅比10%含水率工况下低8.11K;炉膛NOx排放体积分数随着含水率的升高而升高;结合炉膛的燃烧情况和NOx排放体积分数,掺烧质量分数和含水率分别为10%和40%的印染污泥是可行的,二次风配比从上到下的比例为3∶1∶2∶4的方式是最佳配风方案.     

300 MW旋流对冲燃煤锅炉燃烧与排放数值模拟

数值模拟是研究锅炉燃烧与污染物排放的一种有效研究方法.利用Fluent软件,对一台300 MW旋流对冲燃煤锅炉在不同工况下进行了数值计算,模拟结果与锅炉热态试验数据进行了比较,两者吻合情况较好.结果表明:在燃烧器出口处形成了高温区,使得煤粉着火及时,燃烧器区域维持较高温度.温度场同各组分浓度场有着对应关系,NOx的生成主要在炉膛的高温区域,沿炉膛高度方向NOx浓度逐渐降低.     

900MW超临界锅炉混煤燃烧的数值模拟

利用Fluent软件对某900 MW四角切圆燃烧的煤粉锅炉混煤燃烧过程进行数值模拟,研究了煤种和配比对炉内燃烧过程的影响,并与燃烧设计煤种时的锅炉炉内状态进行了比较分析。结果表明:在掺烧混煤时,与单烧设计煤种相比,锅炉炉膛内的温度分布相似,烟气充满度比较好,炉膛出口烟温稍高,灰污层外表面温度低于神木煤灰分的软化温度,结渣的可能性较小;神木煤与澳洲煤4∶1和3∶2掺烧时,能使锅炉安全运行,掺烧方案是可行的。     

生物质气掺烧对煤污染物排放特性影响的Aspen Plus数值计算研究

为了分析生物质气与煤混合燃烧对锅炉燃烧产物的影响,基于Aspen Plus建立了生物质气化以及合成气与煤混合燃烧模型,对含水率为20%的松木气化的合成气与不同品质的煤种的混合燃烧过程以及污染物排放特性进行研究。改变生物质气的掺烧比例,随着输入锅炉空气流量的变化,确定出各种工况下的锅炉最高燃烧温度,得到对应燃烧温度下的NOx,SO2等污染物的排放值。结果表明,随着煤种质量的降低和掺烧比例的增加,煤与生物质气混烧后的最高燃烧温度均降低;无论是优质煤还是劣质煤,与生物质气掺烧后,均可以使污染物NOx,SO2随生物质气掺烧比例的增加而减少,即减排率随掺烧比例的增加而增加。     

Numerical study on coal/ammonia co-firing in a 600 MW utility boiler

Co-firing NH₃ in coal-fired power plants is an attractive method to accelerate the pace of global decarbonization. However, the contradiction between achieving elevated temperature within the furnace and maintaining low NO_x emission constrains the utilization of NH₃ as fuel. In this study, 3-dimensional numerical simulations on coal/NH₃ co-firing cases were conducted in a full-scale boiler for the first time. The influences of NH₃ blending ratio, O₂ enrichment combustion and deep air-staging technology were investigated. The results show that the burnout properties of NH₃ are excellent in co-firing boiler. Higher NH₃ blending ratio leads to lower temperature in the furnace. Enriching O₂ concentration to 30% in the secondary air can compensate the temperature decline caused by 50% NH₃ co-firing, while it brings an undesired surge in NO_x concentrations. The high temperature and strong reducing atmosphere (HT&SRA) could be created by combining the O₂ enrichment and deep air-staging combustion. The NO emission drops by 49.6% due to HT&SRA. Then, high flue gas temperature and low NO_x emission can be achieved simultaneously. HT&SRA improves the overall exergy efficiency for 50% NH₃ co-firing case from 51.65% to 51.78%. The findings open up a promising strategy for utilizing NH₃ as a stationary fuel.     

Numerical calculation on combustion process and NO transformation behavior in a coal-fired boiler blended ammonia: Effects of the injection position and blending ratio

Ammonia (NH₃), as a potential carbon-free alternative fuel, can be blended into coal-fired boiler to achieve significant pollution reduction and carbon reduction, but there are concerns about high NOx emissions due to high nitrogen content. According to the characteristics of coal/NH₃ co-combustion, a dual-fuel co-combustion model with strong adaptability and high accuracy was established in this study through Chemkin software to study the influence of different injection positions and blending ratios on combustion characteristics and NOx generation process. Then, the co-combustion model was applied to the three-dimensional CFD calculation process of a 330 MWe front-fired boiler, and the combustion characteristics, NOx distribution and reaction process were calculated when cal. 20% NH₃ was blended in the primary air. The results show that when cal. 20% NH₃ is blended, the change of NO content mainly occurs in ignition zone and flame zone, and the transformation behavior of N in NH₃ is optimized to a 15-step elementary reaction; The temperature distribution in the furnace is similar, and the average temperature at the furnace outlet decreases from 1033 °C to 988 °C, while NH₃ have a preferential combustion reaction with air than coal, resulting in a decrease in the burnout rate of coal; The NOx concentration at the furnace outlet decreases from 355 mg/Nm³ to 281 mg/Nm³, which is 20.85% lower than that under the pure coal burning condition, and the variation range of O₂ concentration and unburned NH₃ concentration is small.     

天然气柔和燃烧锅炉结构参数影响模拟研究

在天然气锅炉中引入柔和燃烧技术将大大降低NOx排放,高速未燃气卷吸高温烟气回流并与之快速掺混再燃烧是柔和燃烧的重要特征,因此,开展天然气锅炉关键结构参数优化设计以组织流场形成柔和燃烧所需的高温低氧反应气氛非常必要。基于天然气锅炉的工况特征,设计了热负荷15kW的模型燃烧室,采用数值模拟手段详细研究了燃烧室高度、喷嘴孔径、喷嘴相对位置及烟气出口尺寸对燃烧室流场、组分场及关键参数——烟气回流比的影响规律,并最终确定了燃烧室结构优选方案,对天然气锅炉柔和燃烧机设计提供理论基础数据。     

低浓度瓦斯脉动燃烧过程的数值模拟

选取k-ε湍流双方程模型、概率密度方程(PDF)湍流燃烧模型及部分预混燃烧模型,利用流体分析软件Fluent对煤矿低浓度瓦斯在Helmholtz型脉动燃烧器中的燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。通过对燃烧室内低浓度瓦斯脉动燃烧压力场和速度场的分布进行模拟研究,并与理论燃烧过程相比较,其结果表明:低浓度瓦斯脉动燃烧数值模拟结果符合实际脉动燃烧规律,说明脉动燃烧这一燃烧方式适合低浓度瓦斯的研究利用,并为以后的研究提供参考。     

220t/h煤粉电站锅炉燃烧系统改造

某电厂220 t/h锅炉原设计煤质为贫煤,现改烧高挥发分烟煤,造成着火距离过短、喷口烧坏等问题.另外,由于燃用烟煤时一次风速提高,造成了煤粉浓淡分离燃烧器挡板短期内全部磨损.在锅炉大修期间,对锅炉燃烧系统进行了改造,将下层一次风改成微油点火燃烧器,并对原煤粉浓淡燃烧器进行了减弱浓缩比的改造.运行情况表明,改造后的燃烧器结构合理,阻力小,着火稳定,稳燃能力强,着火距离合理,燃烧器喷口不存在烧坏风险,壁温较低,未发现结焦结渣现象.微油点火燃烧器节油率高达95％.冷炉可全程使用微油点火,完全代替大油枪.点火过程中,着火稳定,飞灰可燃物较低,燃烧器壁温保持在300℃以下,无结渣倾向.     

电站锅炉燃烧优化技术的发展与应用

系统地分析了电站锅炉燃烧优化技术的现状，针对锅炉燃烧优化存在的问题，提出了电厂实施闭环控制的可行性和必要性，并对燃烧优化闭环控制系统的功能和实施关键点进行了介绍。该技术在电厂的应用具有推广价值。     

Numerical modeling of the gasification based biomass co-firing in a 600 MW pulverized coal boiler

Gasification based biomass co-firing was an attractive technology for biomass utilization. Compared to directly co-firing of biomass and coal, it might: (1) avoid feeding biomass into boiler, (2) reduce boiler fouling and corrosion problem, and (3) avoid altering ash characteristics. In this paper, CFD modeling of product gas (from biomass gasification) and coal co-firing in a 600 MW tangential PC boiler was carried out. The results showed that NO_x emission was reduced about 50–70% when the product gas was injected through the lowest layer burner. The fouling problem can be reduced with furnace temperature decreasing for co-firing case. The convection heat transfer area should be increased or the co-firing ratio of product gas should be decreased to keep boiler rated capacity.     

电厂锅炉燃烧系统油气两用的改造

中山横门发电厂对420／13．7-Y422锅炉燃烧系统进行了改造,在保证锅炉热效率和额定参数的前提下,使锅炉能燃用重油、天然气两种燃料,提高了锅炉热效率,节约了燃料,同时为社会提供清洁环保能源。     

Co-firing switchgrass in a 60-megawatt pulverized coal-fired boiler: Effects on combustion behavior and pollutant emissions

Switchgrass was co-fired with coal in an industrial scale boiler to investigate the co-firing effects on boiler performance and pollutant emissions. Comparing with firing coal alone, co-firing with switchgrass slightly lowered boiler efficiency by 0.6 to 1% under full-load and low-load conditions, respectively. Net carbon dioxide and SO₂ emissions were reduced with co-firing. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions were similar with co-firing to firing coal alone under both high and low loading amounts of switchgrass. Varying the nitrogen content by changing switchgrass type and harvest time revealed no significant effect on NOx emission in the range of tested conditions.