基于权重系数的谐波减速器公差设计

公差设计作为谐波减速器设计中的关键环节，对整机的传动精度和加工性能具有重要影响，当前谐波减速器的公差大都基于经验设计，为此提出了一种基于权重系数的谐波减速器的公差设计方法。对主要误差因素进行全局敏感性分析构建各误差因素的敏感性权重系数，利用三角模糊层次分析法(TFAHP)对加工难易度进行分析获得加工难易度权重系数，采用几何平均数法综合敏感性权重系数与加工难易度权重系数得到总权重系数，由此求解各误差因素的许用传动误差分量，从而得到公差设计值实现谐波减速器的公差分配设计。实例分析表明该方法在保证谐波减速器传动精度的同时，可根据加工难易度调整公差值，有利于降低加工难度及成本，为工程中谐波减速器的公差设计提供理论指导。     

利用弹性网络算法求解大型三坐标测量机几何误差的方法

为提高大型三坐标测量机(CMM)的精度,修正空间几何误差,研究利用激光追踪仪多站位测量技术取代实物基准,提出了基于弹性网络算法求解CMM几何误差的方法。基于激光追踪仪多站位测量技术,结合L-M算法,实现CMM空间规划点体积误差的高精度测量,有效提高测量效率。利用弹性网络算法解算CMM准刚体模型,解决模型求解存在多重共线的难题,实现CMM几何误差的求解;将方程组中部分系数为0的项结合体积误差与单轴几何误差的关系模型来求解几何误差。实验搭建了激光追踪多站位测量系统,测量了CMM的空间待测点体积误差。实验结果表明,提出的方法可以有效求解大型CMM的几何误差。     

基于公差的数控外圆磨床几何误差源参数建模研究

公差对机床的精度设计具有指导意义,目前机床设计大多仍依赖于传统经验。为揭示机床零部件公差与机床几何误差源参数间的映射关系,本文以数控外圆磨床为例,构建了零部件公差与其表面几何形貌误差的关系模型,依据磨床零部件公差的概念及其运动规律,推导出零部件几何误差形貌与几何误差源参数的内在联系,建立了磨床关键零部件公差与机床几何误差源参数间的关系模型,为数控外圆磨床运行精度预报及关键零部件的公差参数优化分配奠定理论基础。     

再制造机床可修复零部件精度分配研究

研究可修复零部件精度参数的分配是关系到再制造机床性能和再制造成本的重要问题。本文提出了用BP+GA的混合算法优化分配可修复零部件精度参数的方法。首先利用BP神经网络建立零部件精度参数与再制造机床空间几何误差之间的正向映射模型,然后用正交设计法得到训练样本数据并训练网络,最后再用BP+GA的混合算法逆向确定零部件的精度参数。仿真结果表明了混合算法是解决复杂精度分配问题的一种理想方法,优化结果可用于指导零部件精度的修复。     

数控机床几何误差与热误差综合建模及其实时补偿

为提高数控机床的精度,提出一种数控机床的几何与热的复合误差综合建模方法。通过分析机床在不同温度状态下的误差数据,得到机床误差分布规律;根据几何误差和热误差的不同特性进行误差分离,采用多项式拟合与线性拟合方法建立机床几何误差与热误差的综合数学模型;利用数控(Computer numerical control,CNC)系统的外部机床坐标系偏置功能,应用自行研发的综合误差实时补偿系统进行误差在线实时补偿。该误差补偿方法综合考虑机床几何误差及其在机床不同温度下的变化,全面分析整个温升过程直至热稳态的误差及其变化规律。经检测认证表明,应用该误差补偿方法及其实时补偿系统可使机床在常温下的定位误差由44.1μm降低到3.6μm,补偿91.8%;温升之后的定位误差由26.0μm降低到5.1μm,补偿80.4%,大幅度提高机床的精度。     

基于敏感度分析的机床关键性几何误差源识别方法

零部件几何误差耦合而成的机床空间误差是影响其加工精度的主要原因,如何确定各零部件几何误差对加工精度的影响程度从而经济合理地分配机床零部件的几何精度是目前机床设计所面临的一个难题。基于多体系统理论,在敏感度分析的基础上提出一种识别关键性几何误差源参数的新方法。以一台四轴精密卧式加工中心为例,基于多体系统理论构建加工中心的精度模型,并利用矩阵微分法建立四轴数控机床误差敏感度分析的数学模型,通过计算与分析误差敏感度系数,最终识别出影响机床加工精度的关键性几何误差。计算和试验分析表明,该方法可以有效地识别出对机床综合空间误差影响较大的主要零部件几何误差因素,从而为合理经济地提高机床的精度提供重要的理论依据。     

一种基于新灵敏度指标的五轴数控机床关键几何误差辨识方法

精度设计是提升机床加工精度的有效途径,而准确辨识关键几何误差并为其合理分配权重是实现精度设计的前提条 件,因此,提出了一种识别关键几何误差的灵敏度分析方法。 首先基于多体系统理论建立了机床加工误差模型,并基于该模型 构建了灵敏度分析模型,同时定义了一种新的灵敏度指标。 然后,通过仿真分析明确了第 10、17、22、24 和 37 项几何误差为关 键几何误差,同时实现了对各项几何误差分配权重。 最后,通过补偿关键几何误差和全部几何误差的方式对“ S”形检测试件进 行加工并对比其轮廓度误差,对比结果显示通过两种补偿方式获得的平均轮廓度误差在 3 条检测线上的差值很小,分别为 0. 005、0. 004 和 0. 006 mm,因此证明了提出的灵敏度分析方法的正确性。     

数控机床制造精度的优化分配方法

精度设计是机床设计中的重要一环,包含精度分析和精度分配两个互逆问题,其中精度分配是指在满足给定整体精度的基础上优化设计机床组成零部件的精度。几何误差对机床加工精度有关键性的影响,采取一种新的思路来进行精度分配。采用多体系统理论对机床误差建模,进而得到用于精度分配的模型,用线位移误差近似表示角位移误差和垂直度误差;以制造成本最低和满足加工精度为目标,利用Matlab和遗传算法优化误差参数,对机床零部件进行精度分配;最后验证表明此方法能使性能和经济性得到较好的协调。     

基于加工误差敏感度与模糊层次分析法的行星滚柱丝杠公差匹配优化方法

行星滚柱丝杠(PRSM)公差主动设计对提高其传动性能与加工可行性有着至关重要的作用。建立了综合考虑丝杠、滚柱、螺母的螺纹同轴度误差、螺距误差与中径误差的PRSM行程误差及轴向间隙模型,计算得到各误差因素敏感性指数;基于三角模糊数的专家评判层次分析法,计算各误差因素加工权重,初步分配PRSM行程精度各误差项公差;基于序列二次规划算法对轴向间隙各误差项公差进行优化;以标准型PRSM为例,验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明：针对行程精度与轴向间隙各误差项进行公差优化的方法,不仅极好地平衡了行程精度与轴向间隙,且增加了关键公差带宽度,提高了零件加工可行性,算例表明,优化后完整周期内轴向间隙最小值由-25μm变为0,避免螺纹干涉发生;优化后V300行程变动量基本不变,公差带宽度平均增加65%,保证PRSM 5级精度指标的同时提高了关键零件加工可行性,降低了加工成本,可为PRSM公差主动设计理论提供参考。     

误差补偿法在精密机床制造中的应用

高精度机床几何精度要求愈来愈高:主轴组的迴转特度1～2μ;导轨不直度1～2μ;平行度、垂直度2～3μ/300mm;坐标定位精度2～3μ。这些精度由基础件精度、配合件精度、零部件变形和环境温度影响等因素组成。按传统的误差分配方式,基础件制造误差约占总误差的1/2～1/3,制造工艺难以达到。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.