气体涡轮流量计后导流体结构优化设计

通过数值模拟和实验测试相结合的方法,研究了LWQ80气体涡轮流量计后导流体的结构优化及其计量性能的变化规律。基于流量计内部流场特征及其流动机理的探究,分析得出造成后导流体压损的主要原因是后导流体区域的壁面边界层分离和流体流向偏转。由此提出了缩小分离区和提升导流片导流效果的优化思路,通过延长后导流体的长度和延后导流片的位置,设计了一种改进型的后导流体结构。研究结果表明：后导流体结构经过改进后,气体涡轮流量计的计量性能得到了明显提升。在流量为250 m~3/h时流量计的压损降低了20.5%左右,仪表系数的恒定性显著提高,最大示值误差降低了近2.5倍,且能有效延长流量计的使用寿命。研究结果有助于为气体涡轮流量计的结构与性能优化提供理论指导和技术支持。     

气体涡轮流量计性能优化的模拟与实验研究

以TRZ80气体涡轮流量计为研究对象,采用数值模拟与实验测试相结合的方法,提出了前整流器和后导流体的结构优化方案。通过对结构优化前后流量内部流场特征的分析,揭示了流量计结构与性能优化背后确切的流体力学机制。研究结果表明：前整流器和后导流体区域的压降突变与后导流体尾部的涡旋结构和回流现象是影响流量计计量性能的主要机制。优化的流量计结构可以明显减弱压降突变、涡旋结构与回流现象。优化的流量计结构既可以显著降低流量计的压力损失,又可以明显提高流量计的测量精度与稳定性,其压力损失和线性度误差分别降低了约48.58%和32.43%。研究结果有助于为今后开发与量产计量性能更好的气体涡轮流量计提供理论指导和技术支持。     

气体涡轮流量计的改进及实验测量

对气体涡轮流量计的主要组件引起的压力损失进行了对比实验测量，比较了整流栅形状、叶轮叶片数和后导流器不同结构对压损的影响程度。结果表明，后导流器相对整流栅和叶轮是产生压力损失的主要因素，采取改进的后导流结构，可以明显降低流量计的压损，同时得到更好的仪表系数值，提高流量计准确度。     

导流器结构对气体涡轮流量计曲线影响的试验研究

本文针对于丹东东发集团有限公司开发的DN100气体涡轮流量计研发初期曲线不好的问题,从分析导流器的结构入手,通过试验证明导流器尾端的混合室的大小与曲线形状有着规律性的关系,确定了最佳的混合室尺寸,进而使得DN100气体涡轮流量计的性能曲线得到了优化。     

气体涡轮流量计中动压气体轴承的研究

气体涡轮流量计主轴承大多采用油润滑的滑动轴承或滚动轴承,存在较大的局限性。采用螺旋槽气体轴承,设计了一种气体涡轮流量计。按最大稳定性的原则,利用MATLAB软件,系统地分析了在气体涡轮流量计中动压气体轴承的结构形式对其载荷及稳定性的影响,得到了气体涡轮流量计中动压气体轴承的可行工作范围。     

叶片螺旋角对气体涡轮流量计性能影响的分析

在分析气体涡轮流量计结构和数学模型的基础上,针对涡轮叶片螺旋升角对仪表性能的影响,以安装35°、45°和55°三种不同叶片螺旋升角涡轮的DN150型气体涡轮流量计作为实验对象,搭建仪表负压检测平台,分别对仪表系数、压力损失和计量精度进行实验检定与对比分析。实验结果表明,合理设计涡轮叶片螺旋升角能显著改善气体涡轮流量计的性能,为叶片螺旋升角进一步优化及其对仪表性能影响规律的研究提供了实验基础。     

三维“Z”形声道气体超声流量计的试验研究

气体超声流量计用于城市燃气管线的用气计量己成为精确计量的趋势。为满足所需的计量精度和稳定性,流量计在设计时须考虑燃气在管道输送中不同雷诺数的流场下线速度的分布规律,设计合理的声道走向结构,减少紊流干扰造成流量计的测量不稳定性。研发了三维"Z"形声道的气体超声流量计,并对公称直径50 mm～200 mm的流量计进行试验,结果表明:三维"Z"形声道气体超声流量计能有效避开管线轴中心线上高流速区域,在流量范围内,用时差法测量气流流速与流过管道内的平均计算流速在一定的雷诺数范围内有恒定函数关系,从而提高气体超声流量计的计量精度和稳定性。     

涡轮流量计前导流器的结构与性能

对DN100气体涡轮流量计的关键部件之一前导流器引起的流量计压力损失进行试验测量和数值计算.对比分析两种不同结构前导流器对压力损失的影响,发现前导流器的结构变化不仅影响该部位的气流速度分布,使当地压力损失发生变化,更重要的是对后面各部件内的气体流动速度梯度和压力恢复也有明显影响,使总压损失进一步放大或减小.数值计算通过分析流动参数的变化从流动机理上解释了结构与压损间的关系.     

高压气体涡轮流量计的研制

阐述高压气体涡轮流量计研制的意义和设计依据;并介绍高压涡轮流量计的工作原理、结构特点、性能测试、计量特性等,以此证明研制的高压气体涡轮流量计可以作为贸易计量应用在高压管线上。     

带气环旋喷射流流场特征及喷嘴结构正交优化研究

为提高二/三重管法旋喷射流切割土体效率,采用Mixture多相流模型和RNG κ-ε湍流模型,开展了淹没环境下带气环旋喷射流流动模拟研究,获得了射流速度、气液两相体积分布、靶体作用压力等流场特征,并基于L₁₆(4⁵)正交试验设计及误差分析方法,获得了旋喷射流喷嘴关键结构参数对射流速度及其作用靶体压力的影响敏感程度与影响规律。结果表明：带气环旋喷射流能量衰减慢且集中在轴心区域,射流等速核心段长,冲击破坏土体性能好;喷嘴结构参数对射流冲击性能的影响敏感次序为：射流喷嘴出口直径>收敛角>气体喷嘴直径>气液喷嘴间距>射流喷嘴长径比;射流轴心速度及其作用靶体压力随出口直径和气体喷嘴直径的增大呈先快速增加后缓慢增加趋势,随收敛角、长径比、气液喷嘴间距的增大呈先增加后降低趋势。基于此,考虑旋喷射流设备性能,给出了最优结构参数为：射流喷嘴出口直径2.0 mm,收敛角12°或18°,长径比1,气体喷嘴直径0.9 mm,气液喷嘴间距5 mm。     

喷嘴宽度对偏转板射流阀射流效率影响的仿真分析

利用Pro/E和Fluent软件对不同λ₁(喷嘴宽度D₁与导流窗口最小宽度H₁的比值)的偏转板射流阀进行几何建模与流场仿真,得到不同λ₁ 下偏转板射流阀内部射流速度、压力云图和射流流场的速度、压力分布特征;通过分析仿真数据得到λ₁对供油流量Q_S、射流流量Q_J、射流流量效率η_J的影响规律。研究发现,喷嘴喷射出的部分油液由于受到V形导流斜面的作用沿着V形导流斜面反向运动,从而使喷向接收口的有效射流流量减小,同时在偏转板入口两侧出现漩涡和能量损失;随着λ₁增大,供油流量Q_S近似线性增大,而射流流量Q_J先增大后又减小;当λ₁=1时射流流量Q_J取得最大值12.5 kg/s,对应的射流流量效率η_J最大为77.6%。研究结果为偏转板射流伺服阀的效率提高及结构优化设计提供理论依据与参考。     

Developing a model for prediction of helical turbine flowmeter performance using CFD

In this article, a numerical model for prediction of turbine flowmeter performance is proposed. This model is consists of a novel iterative algorithm, based on torque balance theory. Despite previous studies, the effect of bearings drag torque on finding balance point is considered. Using an in-house code, the bearings torque of the flowmeter is calculated based on the finite difference method. The three-dimensional steady state internal flow field of turbine flowmeter is obtained from the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. For evaluation of the model׳s accuracy the experiments on a 6 in. helical turbine flowmeter has been carried out for crude oil and water. Consequently, the K-factor and also linearity error for cases of fluids are achieved. The results were compared with experimental data and it is found that the numerical model results are reasonably accurate. Therefore, by using the proposed model, the heavy cost of design and optimization of turbine flowmeters can be reduced.     

Optimum Tilt Angle of Flow Guide in Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Considering the Effect of Last Stage Flow Field

Heat transfer and vacuum in condenser are influenced by the aerodynamic performance of steam turbine exhaust hood. The current research on exhaust hood is mainly focused on analyzing flow loss and optimal design of its structure without consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the front and rear parts. To better understand the aerodynamic performance influenced by the tilt angle of flow guide inside a diffuser, taking a 600 MW steam turbine as an example, a numerical simulator CFX is adopted to solve compressible three-dimensional(3D) Reynolds time-averaged N-S equations and standard k-e turbulence model.And the exhaust hood flow field influenced by different tilt angles of flow guide is investigated with consideration of the wet steam condensing flow and the exhaust hood coupled with the last stage blades and the condenser throat.The result shows that the total pressure loss coefficient and the static pressure recovery coefficient of exhaust hood change regularly and monotonously with the gradual increase of tilt angle of flow guide. When the tilt angle of flow guide is within the range of 30° to 40°, the static pressure recovery coefficient is in the range of 15.27% to 17.03% and the total pressure loss coefficient drops to approximately 51%, the aerodynamic performance of exhaust hood is significantly improved. And the effectiveenthalpy drop in steam turbine increases by 0.228% to 0.274%. It is feasible to obtain a reasonable title angle of flow guide by the method of coupling the last stage and the condenser throat to exhaust hood in combination of the wet steam model, which provides a practical guidance to flow guide transformation and optimal design in exhaust hood.     

Pressure measurement technique and installation effects on the performance of wafer cone design

The present study explores novel pressure averaging technique for wafer cone flowmeter design and its robustness in the presence of double 90° bend (out-of-plane) and gate valve as a source of upstream flow disturbance. The wafer cone flowmeter is tested in a circular pipe (inside diameter of 101 mm) with water as the working medium for the flow Reynolds number ranging from 1.19×10⁵ to 5.82×10⁵. Influence of the half cone angle (α) on the coefficient of discharge (C_d) of wafer cone flowmeter is studied with this new pressure averaging technique. Half cone angles considered in this study are 30° and 45° with a constant constriction ratio (β) of 0.75. The upstream static pressure tap is located at 1D upstream of the wafer cone. The downstream pressure averaging technique comprises eight circumferential holes of diameter 2 mm on the maximum diameter step of the wafer cone. The pressure taps are communicated through the support strut which serves as a downstream static pressure tap. The disturbance causing elements are individually placed at 1.5D, 5.5D, 9.5D and 13.5D upstream to the wafer cone flowmeter. The wafer cone flowmeter is also tested with gate valve opening of 25%, 50% and 75% for all the arrangements considered. The 30° cone is found to be better than 45° cone for the range of Reynolds number covered in the present study. The results show that the 30° wafer cone flowmeter with novel downstream pressure averaging technique is insensitive to the swirl flow created by a double 90° bend (out-of-plane) and requires an upstream length of 9.5D with a gate valve as a source of flow disturbance.     

基于正交试验的静压径向气体轴承数值分析*

以气动涡轮支承结构静压径向气体轴承为研究对象,建立静压径向气体轴承的微分模型,利用工程数值方法计算轴承承载力、刚度和气体质量流量,运用正交试验法研究节流器参数对轴承性能的影响,以及不同优化方向下轴承的综合性能。结果表明：不同的优化方向节流器参数的敏感性不同,以气体质量流量为优化方向明显不符合设计需要,以承载力为优化方向得到的轴承综合性能最好;平均气膜厚度、节流孔直径和数量是影响轴承承载特性的主要因素,节流孔直径越小承载性能越好。     

液力偶合器气液界面追踪数值模拟

部分充液下液力偶合器内部介质运动为离心力场作用下的复杂两相流动,而液相分布形态对涡轮输出特性有着直接影响。为掌握偶合器内液相分布规律,将工作腔内介质运动视为分层流动,采用流体体积法(Volume of fluid,VOF)两相流模型,追踪562型标准桃形腔偶合器内不同工况下的气—液分界面。建立三维周期性流道模型,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和压力隐式算子分裂(Pressure-implicit with splitting of operators,PISO)压力耦合算法,并用内部面模拟泵、涡轮间的交互作用,转速比i=1.0和i=0.6时的叶片表面液相分布与文献中试验结果具有高度相似性。仿真结果表明,随泵涡轮间转差增大,气液分界面倾斜加剧,直至形成大的环流,而泵轮叶片压力面液相分布区域增大,吸力面液相减小;低挡圈(R=155 mm)对环流形态影响较小,主要起到限矩作用,而高挡圈(R=175 mm)可抑制大环流的产生。     

基于ARM单片机的无线涡轮流量计的设计

传统涡轮流量计需要铺设电源线和信号传输电缆,使用起来极不方便。而现有的无线通信方式繁多,特点不一,为了实现计量点分散情况下流量计的远程实时报警、监测流量等功能,对主要无线通信方式进行了简要分析。给出了以ARM单片机为核心处理器,集成无线通信模块的流量计设计方案,并对涡轮流量计的软硬件进行了具体设计。该方案能够实现流量测量、数据存储、流量显示、远程实时报警、远程监控等功能。