不同产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒非挥发风味物质的差异性分析

以宁夏贺兰山东麓、河北怀来、新疆焉耆产区的2016年份15款赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为研究对象,检测其理化指标,采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）检测供试酒样中非挥发风味物质（糖类、醇类、酸类及酚类等）含量,并对结果进行主成分分析（PCA）及层次聚类分析（HCA）。结果表明,不同产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的总酚、总原花青素、黄烷醇、原花青素B1、表棓儿茶素、儿茶素、原花青素B2含量存在极显著差异（P＜0.01）,酒石酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯存在显著差异（P＜0.05）。经主成分分析得出,供试酒样前2个主成分分别占方差贡献率的33.66%和27.07%;经层次聚类分析得出,新疆焉耆产区酒样与其他产区酒样可以明显归为两类,宁夏贺兰山东麓产区与河北怀来产区酒样也得到了很好的区分。结果表明,产区是影响其风味差异的重要因素。     

不同产区葡萄酒多酚物质抗氧化活性差异及相关性分析

以西北部产区(焉耆盆地、吐哈盆地、天山北麓、伊犁河谷)及中部产区(河北产区)葡萄酒为样本,测定其多酚组成及抗氧化能力,分析样品间差异性及相关性,探究影响抗氧化功效的单体酚物质。通过对酚类物质含量、DPPH、ABTS⁺、羟自由基清除率的测定,结果显示,西北部产区样品酚类物质含量高,且种类丰度较高;焉耆与伊犁产区葡萄酒抗氧化能力较高。相关性分析表明,DPPH、ABTS⁺、羟自由基的清除率分析结果具有极显著正相关性;对抗氧化能力贡献较大的多酚类别依次为对羟基肉桂酸、芪类、对羟基苯甲酸、黄烷-3-醇、黄酮醇,对抗氧化能力贡献较大的单体酚依次为芥子酸、水杨酸、杨梅素、儿茶素、表儿茶素。     

葡萄成熟度对‘赤霞珠’葡萄酒酚类物质及抗氧化能力的影响

以新疆天山北麓石河子产区的4种不同成熟度‘赤霞珠’葡萄果实所酿葡萄酒为样本,对葡萄酒中的酚类物质组成和抗氧化活性进行测定,分析样品的差异性及相关性,探究葡萄成熟度对葡萄酒酚类物质和抗氧化活性的影响。通过对酚类物质含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力的测定,结果表明,葡萄成熟度对葡萄酒酚类物质和抗氧化能力有较大影响。花色苷含量随着葡萄成熟度的上升呈现增高趋势,黄酮醇和黄烷-3-醇含量呈现下降趋势。抗氧化能力的不同主要是由酚类物质差异导致。黄酮醇和黄烷-3-醇类物质对DPPH自由基清除率影响较大;花色苷乙酰化物质会使低成熟度的葡萄酒呈现出与高成熟度葡萄酒相似的铁离子还原能力。     

基于矿质元素的赤霞珠葡萄酒产地溯源

为探讨基于矿质元素的赤霞珠葡萄酒产地溯源的可行性,分析新疆天山北麓产区与其他4 个产区（宁夏、甘肃、河北、山东）赤霞珠葡萄酒中的23 种矿质元素含量,结合多元统计方法,构建有效的葡萄酒产地溯源模型。结果表明：天山北麓与宁夏、甘肃、河北、山东产区葡萄酒中P、Mg、Sr、Ti、Al、Cu、Ba 具有显著（p<0.05）或极显著差异（p<0.01）,可以作为区分不同产区葡萄酒的特征性元素。以23 种矿质元素为依据的Fisher 判别分析,筛选出P、Sr、Al 3 种对产地判别显著的元素,建立的判别函数对天山北麓和其他4 个产区葡萄酒的初始验证和交叉验证整体正确判别率分别为96.43%和89.29%。基于矿质元素分析能够对赤霞珠葡萄酒进行产地溯源,区分新疆天山北麓与宁夏、甘肃、河北、山东产区的葡萄酒。     

新疆四大优势产区葡萄酒中生物胺含量的测定

该研究利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对新疆天山北麓、焉耆盆地、吐哈盆地及伊犁河谷四大优势产区中60个葡萄酒样品中的总生物胺含量及8种生物胺组分的含量进行检测分析。结果表明,不同产区葡萄酒中生物胺总含量有所差异,生物胺总含量最高可达到226.13 mg/L,而最低仅有9.15 mg/L,伊犁河谷产区葡萄酒中生物胺总含量低于其他产区葡萄酒中生物胺总含量;同一产区中,各葡萄酒样品中生物胺总含量也有所差异,其中吐哈盆地产区中生物胺总含量（9.66～226.13 mg/L）差异较大;不同品种葡萄酒间生物胺总含量也不同。在四大产区的葡萄酒中,精胺含量（0.90～154.60 mg/L）较高;苯乙胺含量（0.33～4.50 mg/L）较低;组胺含量均＜15.34 mg/L;各产区葡萄酒中腐胺和尸胺含量相对平稳;部分样品中亚精胺未检出。     

新疆产区酿酒葡萄果实中有机酸的比较分析

以新疆4个小产区赤霞珠葡萄果实及天山北麓产区4种红色酿酒葡萄果实(品丽珠、西拉、小味尔多、马瑟兰)为原料,研究了不同产区、品种间有机酸含量的差异。采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC),对赤霞珠果实生长周期4种有机酸(草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸)变化情况进行分析。结果表明,随着葡萄成熟度增加,赤霞珠果实中有机酸总含量呈现下降趋势,草酸和柠檬酸含量较低,变化不明显;新疆4小产区的赤霞珠葡萄果实中有机酸总含量在3.97~7.96mg/g范围内且存在明显差异(p<0.05),产于天山北麓五家渠产地的赤霞珠有机酸总含量最高达7.96 mg/g,其中草酸、酒石酸、苹果酸分别为0.55 mg/g、4.66 mg/g、2.47 mg/g,产于伊犁河谷67团产地的赤霞珠有机酸总含量最低3.97 mg/g;通过对同一产地不同酿酒葡萄果实有机酸物质进行主成分分析,发现西拉、马瑟兰的酒石酸相对含量较高,赤霞珠的草酸和柠檬酸相对含量较高,品丽珠、小味尔多的苹果酸相对含量比较高。试验表明赤霞珠的有机酸含量在不同产区存在一定差异,同时不同品种在同产地的有机酸积累特性也各不相同,以期为新疆产区酿造中"糖高酸低"的研究提出一些思路。     

3个主要产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒酚类物质及花色苷的分析

分析了山东烟台、河北昌黎和新疆伊犁3个产区的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒中总酚、单宁、多酚及花色苷物质种类与含量.结果表明,不同产区酒的总酚含量差异不大,但单宁含量差异显著;检测出10种多酚物质,均以儿茶素,没食子酸、水杨酸含量较高,但3个产区酒中的其它多酚物质含量高低不一;而检测出9种花色素苷物质,各个产区酒中的含量表现出极强的相似性,二甲花翠素3-O-葡萄糖苷占相对含量50%以上,其次是二甲花翠素3-O-(6-O-乙酰)葡萄糖苷,其它7种花色素苷物质含量均较少,浓度差异不大;3个产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒的感官质量表现各有其特点.     

不同方法测定干红葡萄酒抗氧化性的比较分析

为分析干红葡萄酒酚类物质的抗氧化活性,本研究以新疆、宁夏、烟台产区的干红葡萄酒为实验材料,测定其酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性以及分析不同方法下的酚类物质和抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明,不同产区的干红葡萄酒中的酚类物质的含量差异较大,与葡萄酒所在产区密切相关。其中,在新疆产区的西拉葡萄酒的总酚含量最高,为384.20 mg·L^-1,赤霞珠葡萄酒抗氧化能力为298.33 U·mL^-1;宁夏产区的赤霞珠葡萄酒总酚含量最高,为266.32 mg·L^-1;烟台产区中西拉葡萄酒总抗氧化能力最高,为263.23 U·mL^-1。同一年份,不同品种葡萄酒中西拉葡萄酒总酚含量、总类黄酮含量、总抗氧化能力和抗超氧阴离子能力最高,分别为310.87 mg·L^-1、549.78 mg·L^-1、239.96 U·mL^-1和1 782.18 U·L^-1。抗超氧阴离子能力主要由总酚、总类黄酮含量决定;不同品种和产区的葡萄酒的总抗氧化能力的大小和酚类...     

中国葡萄酒产区《烟台共识》发布

正2019年6月30日,在第十二届烟台国际葡萄酒博览会期间,烟台市葡萄与葡萄酒产业发展服务中心邀请宁夏贺兰山东麓产区、甘肃河西走廊产区、新疆天山北麓产区、新疆焉耆盆地产区、吉林通化产区、北京房山产区、辽宁桓仁产区、河北怀来沙城产区等多个产区行业主管部门、行业协会共计近20人参加中国葡萄酒产区圆桌会议。会议围绕"加强产区交流合作     

海拔对黄土高原地区赤霞珠和品丽珠葡萄酒中酚类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

以源于黄土高原地区3种海拔条件下的赤霞珠和品丽珠葡萄酒为研究对象,通过对其理化指标、酚类物质含量、抗氧化活性及非花色苷单体酚物质含量进行测定,比较葡萄园海拔对葡萄酒中酚类物质含量及抗氧化活性的影响。研究结果表明:与2种坡地葡萄酒相比,谷地和平地葡萄酒中总酚、总类黄酮和总黄烷醇含量高;随海拔上升,赤霞珠酒中总花色苷含量增加,而品丽珠酒彼此间无显著差异;2种葡萄酒的抗氧化能力随海拔的上升呈下降趋势;海拔对2种葡萄酒中非花色苷单体酚物质的组成无显著影响,而对其含量有不同程度的影响。谷地和平地的葡萄酒中儿茶素和表儿茶素的含量高于2种坡地的30%以上;坡地葡萄酒的黄酮醇含量也高于平地和谷地条件。海拔对赤霞珠和品丽珠葡萄酒的品质有一定影响,对不同品质指标间的影响存在差异。在黄土高原地区,低海拔葡萄园的赤霞珠和品丽珠葡萄酒中酚类物质含量及抗氧化能力均优于高海拔坡地葡萄酒。     

Assessment of some Australian red wines for price, phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and vintage in relation to functional food prospects

Twenty-three Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the Mudgee region and thirty-two Shiraz wines from the Hunter Valley region were analyzed for phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Concentrations of (+)-catechin, quercetin, and transresveratrol, total phenolic content, and DPPH antioxidant activity varied considerably, both within and between varieties. Individual phenols, total phenols, and antioxidant activity were correlated with price and vintage. Shiraz wines showed positive and significant correlations for catechin and quercetin concentrations with total phenols, antioxidant activity, and vintage; and for total phenols and antioxidant activity with vintage. Cabernet Sauvignon wines showed positive and significant correlations for quercetin concentration with total phenols and antioxidant activity. There was a negative and significant correlation found between price and antioxidant activity for Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Results are discussed in terms of the potential for wine to be considered a functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We report on potential health benefits (antioxidant activity) of 55 wines typical of 2 geographically close, but distinct, wine regions of Australia. Our results highlight the variability in functional components as an issue that needs further research and consideration in relation to wine as a functional food. The price of studied wines is not reflective of their health functionality, based on antioxidant activities.     

酿酒葡萄品种及产区对贺兰山东麓葡萄酒香气质量的影响研究

为研究酿酒葡萄品种及产区对葡萄酒香气的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析了贺兰山东麓产区四种不同品种葡萄酒、中国四个不同大产区以及贺兰山东麓四个小产区的赤霞珠葡萄酒品种香气差异并对结果进行主成分分析（PCA）。结果表明：四种不同品种葡萄酒中共检测出香气物质50种,其中酯类21种、醇类15种、酸类7种、醛类4种以及其他类3种,香气活性值（OAV）＞1的香气物质有11种,其中霞多丽、赤霞珠葡萄酒中OAV最高的风味物质均为乙酸异戊酯和异戊酸,而马瑟兰和北玫葡萄酒中OAV最高的风味物质为大马士酮。PCA结果显示,宁夏贺兰山东麓不同小产区赤霞珠葡萄酒香气成分之间无明显差异;中国不同酿酒葡萄产区的赤霞珠葡萄酒香气成分之间差异明显。     

贺兰山东麓红葡萄酒等级划分客观标准的初步研究

对贺兰山东麓各等级葡萄酒理化指标进行分析,根据葡萄酒的理化指标参数与等级之间的相关性,初步研究葡萄酒客观等级划分标准。选用在宁夏地区主栽品种赤霞珠和蛇龙珠红葡萄酒的30个样品,7个理化参数,利用相关性分析研究了理化指标与各等级葡萄酒的相关性;利用逐步判别分析方法找到对贺兰山东麓红葡萄酒分级影响最为重要的因子,并初步建立了等级识别模式。结果表明,葡萄酒的总酚、单宁和总酸等理化参数与葡萄酒等级划分有极显著相关,通过逐步判别分析得到总酚和总酸可以判别葡萄酒的等级。本研究对宁夏贺兰山东麓葡萄酒的等级划分客观标准具有一定的拳者价值。     

Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of selected China wines

Thirty-seven China wines, produced from different geographical origins, were examined in this study. The antioxidant activity of wines was measured by different analytical methods: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical-scavenger activity, superoxide radical-scavenger activity, lipid peroxidation and chelating capacity. Furthermore,total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols and total anthocyanins of wines were determined. As expected, the red wines had much higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than rosé wines or white wines. Among the red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon and Muscat Hamburg, respectively, represented the wines with the highest and lowest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity. Among the white wines, Italian Riesling had the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Taken together, a close relationship between phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity, for all wines, was observed.     

Changes of Phenolic Acids During Aging of Organic Wines

Grapes (Vitis vinifera L. origin var: Carignane, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Grenache, Columbard, and Semillon) were cultivated and processed according to accepted organic agriculture and organic wine techniques. Aged wines (5 years) were evaluated for changes of their phenolic acids. The highest reduction of gallic acid concentrations were determined in Cabernet Sauvignon (24.36 mg/L) and Carignane (16.00 mg/L) wines. The quantities of p-hydroxybenzoic acid decreased mostly in Carignane (22.47 mg/L) and Columbard (20.84 mg/L) wines. The decreases of syringic acid were dominant in Cabernet Sauvignon (2.34 mg/L) and Carignane (1.69 mg/L) wines. In the case of ferulic acid, the highest reduction was determined in Cabernet Sauvignon (3.97 mg/L) wines. The decreases of p-coumaric acid contents were the same and mostly in Merlot (1.06 mg/L) and Grenache (1.035 mg/L) wines. The principal component analyses results demonstrated the relations among aged wines produced from different grape varieties and their phenolic acids. The distribution of data was accumulated into two groups. The first group included total phenols, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and Merlot/Carignane/Grenache wines. The second one included ferulic acid and Cabernet Sauvignon wine.     

Comparing the effects of exogenous abscisic acid on the phenolic composition of Yan 73 and Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.) wines

Phenolic compounds from red wines exert a strong influence on wine quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) is essential for the physiological and biochemical function of plants, but few investigators have thoroughly researched its effects on phenolic compounds in dyer grape varieties. The effects of exogenous ABA treatment on the phenolic composition and individual anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin phenolic contents of Yan 73 and Cabernet Sauvignon wines from the ABA-treated grapes, including anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, phenolic acids, and stilbenes were compared. The phenolic compounds in the Yan 73 wine were different from those in the Cabernet Sauvignon wine. The phenolic content (anthocyanins and non-anthocyanins) of the Yan 73 wine was significantly higher than that of the Cabernet Sauvignon wine. The concentrations of the individual phenolic compounds were enhanced by the ABA treatment for the two different wine varieties. The effects on the compositions varied, a similar trend was observed for the ratios of Cy-derivative and Dp-derivative pigments from the two wine varieties, and all non-acylated pigments were enhanced. The stilbene content was enhanced, the ratios of flavan-3-ol dimers and dimer-glucosides were reduced, and the effects on the composition of other compounds varied between the two grape varieties.