210 t LF精炼底吹氩过程气、渣、钢液三相流场优化的数值模拟

基于湍流模型和VOF模型,通过CFD流体工程模拟软件FLUENT6.3.26,对吹氩过程210 t钢包炉(LF)内气、渣、钢液三相流场进行了数值模拟和分析,得出底吹氩孔位(单孔中心,单孔偏心,双孔)和氩气流量(100~500 L/min)对钢液循环流动、渣眼尺寸和卷渣等行为的影响。研究显示,单孔底吹钢包的孔位不同,混合速度和渣眼尺寸不同;渣眼处易卷渣;双孔底吹比单孔底吹死区小得多;氩气流量越大渣眼越大,但渣眼尺寸大于611mm时,其尺寸变化不大;210 t钢包的双孔底吹钢包内合适的吹氩量为200~300 L/min。     

100t钢包吹氩工艺优化数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟,研究了100 t钢包在LF精炼过程中底吹氩气流量对钢包内钢液流动特性、"渣眼"面积及活跃区比例的影响.结果表明,在一定范围内,增大吹氩量有利于增大"渣眼"面积,强化钢水运动,缩小"死区"体积比例,有利于脱硫反应的进行.但当吹氩量超过临界值时,"死区"体积比例缩小幅度降低.100 t钢包最佳吹氩量为300 L/min.     

不同钢包底吹氩模式对钢液精炼效果的影响

以180 t双孔底吹氩钢包为研究对象,对6种钢包底吹氩模式进行数值模拟,并结合现场试验与当前采用的吹氩模式进行对比。研究发现：（1）钢液的混匀时间随吹氩量的增加而减少,吹氩量一定时,差流量吹氩模式对钢液的搅拌强于等流量吹氩模式。（2）不同的钢包底吹氩模式,渣眼形成的位置不同,渣眼面积也不同。总流量一定时,差流量吹氩模式钢液面最大流速大于等流量吹氩模式,易发生钢液卷渣。（3）差流量吹氩模式渣线处渣层厚度的波动大于等流量吹氩模式,且流量差值越大,波动越剧烈。（4）差流量吹氩模式通过“强-弱”流股的配合,进一步强化了钢包底吹氩的钢液精炼效果。工业试验表明,采取等流量吹氩模式（500 L/min—500 L/min）,钢中的较大夹杂物的数目明显多于差流量吹氩模式（400 L/min—600 L/min）。     

钢包底吹氩卷渣的模拟研究

根据相似原理用混合油模拟渣层、水模拟钢水,对100t精炼钢包建立了几何比例为1：3.5的水模拟试验,通过测试研究了不同底吹条件对钢包卷渣行为的影响,得到了各条件临界卷渣气量;采用软吹时,最好采用单孔工艺;当吹气量处于0.6L/min~6L/min（对应实际吹气量31.6L/min~242L/min）之间时,随着吹气量的增加,裸露区的直径也线性增加。     

40t钢包单透气砖底搅拌流场研究

通过计算机数值模拟与水模拟实验模拟钢包底搅拌情况,研究单吹氩钢包的不同吹气流量、不同吹气位置(0R、0.56R、0.62R、0.67R)与钢包混匀时间、渣眼的相互关系,以达到提升氩气搅拌效率的目的。研究表明,钢包混匀时间随透气砖偏心距的增加而减小,当透气砖位于0.62R~0.67R时,搅拌效果最优;当氩气流量由70 L/h增加至130 L/h时,混匀时间随吹气量的增加而明显减小,当流量超过130 L/h时搅拌效果趋于平稳,对混匀时间影响不大;渣眼面积随偏心距的增加而增大,在喷嘴位置靠近壁面时较大;壁面剪切力随偏心距的增加逐渐向靠近喷嘴一侧壁面的上方集中(即对壁面冲刷最严重的位置),平均壁面剪切力随偏心距的增加呈指数形式增大。     

钢包卷渣临界底吹流量规律的水力学模拟研究

用水模拟钢水、油模拟钢渣,通过水力模型研究了底吹钢包中的临界卷渣流量.结果表明,临界卷渣流量随渣层厚度的增加而减小,随粘度的增加而增大,通过分析渣-钢界面的速度分布和能量平衡,对以临界流量作为卷渣发生的判定条件的准确性进行了检验.采用因次分析得到了底吹钢包临界卷渣流量的无因次表达式Qcr∝(Δρσ/ρ2s)0.35(μs/μm)0.3(Hs/Hm)-0.42,利用该表达式计算了实际钢包卷渣的临界流量,分析了影响因素,建议110 t钢包进行钢水弱搅拌净化操作时最大底吹流量为QN＝240 L/min.     

使用圆孔透气塞的钢包内流场及其渣眼行为研究

由于圆孔取代矩形狭缝后,可以有效地缓解透气塞狭缝孔周应力集中和延长其使用寿命,因而研究其精炼过程显得十分必要。文中采用离散相模型与VOF模型对钢包吹氩过程进行了研究,对比分析了不同流量下使用圆孔狭缝式透气塞的钢包内的流场和渣眼面积,并采用水模试验方法验证了数值模拟。结果表明:底吹气体流量对钢包的流场特征影响不大,当流量高于3.76 L/min时,流量的增大对钢液的流速影响不大,当底吹流量低于3.76 L/min时,流量增大,钢液流速增大;而且水模试验中的渣眼面积与数值模拟得到的渣眼面积吻合较好。     

100 t底吹氩钢包插入浸渍管对钢液流场影响的数值模拟

以100t单孔底吹氩钢包为原型,应用三维连续性方程、动量N-S方程及湍流κ-ε双方程模拟了底吹氩过程中钢包内的钢液流动状态。利用Mixture多相流模型对单孔吹氩（0~700 L/min）过程进行数值模拟,对比分析插入直径691.05 mm,深650 mmn浸渍管前后钢包内的流动状态和钢液表面的卷渣。结果表明,无浸渍管时,临界卷渣吹气量为102 L/min,插入浸渍管后,临界卷渣吹气量增大到217 L/min。插入浸渍圆筒可以在增加吹氩量的条件下提高钢液搅拌效果,加速钢液混匀。     

150t钢包双孔底吹的水模型研究

为研究钢包的双孔底吹气量对钢包混匀时间、波高及卷渣和渣眼形成的影响,优化底吹工艺,以国内某厂 150 t 钢包为原型建立了钢包物理模型,模拟现场底吹工艺,综合混匀时间、波高及卷渣和渣眼的变化规律分析得到较优底吹气量。 结果表明,底吹气量越大,混匀时间越短,当底吹气量从 0.6 m³/h 增加至 1.2 m³/h 时,混匀时间大幅度缩短,瞬时波高及波动较小,之后随底吹气量的增大,混匀时间减少,速率变缓慢,而波高大幅度增长;临界渣眼的底吹气量和临界卷渣底吹气量不同,随着底吹气量增大,渣眼面积和卷渣深度均变大。 综合分析表明,实际底吹气量选择1.2 m³/h 较为合适,在波高、渣眼面积、卷渣增加不明显的情况下,大幅度缩短了混匀时间。     

80t LF钢包底吹氩混匀时间的影响因素及分析

以莱钢80 t LF精炼钢包为基础,通过物理模拟,研究了物料加入位置、渣层厚度、电极电弧等对钢水混匀时间的影响,结果表明,物料加入位置应为透气砖正上方处时混匀时间最短;渣层越厚,混匀时间越长,根据现有渣量,确定单孔软吹流量为15 L/min,硬吹流量为90 L/min;电极电弧能增加精炼钢包的混匀时间。     

钢包底吹氩卷渣临界条件的水模型研究

以钢厂70t钢包为原型,建立模型与原型尺寸比为1:2.75的水模型。通过水模型实验对钢包临界卷渣吹氩量进行测量,得到临界卷渣气量是450 L/min。实验测量不同吹气量下钢包液面水平流速,分析水平流速与钢包卷渣的关系,得到钢包临界卷渣的液面流速为0.652m/s、韦伯准数为6.967。讨论了采用临界卷渣韦伯准数计算临界卷渣液面流速,通过测量达到临界卷渣液面流速时的吹氩量,来确定临界卷渣吹氩量的方法。     

150 t钢包底吹氩卷渣行为的物理模拟

针对钢厂150 t双孔底吹氩钢包,根据相似原理建立几何比例为1:5的水力学模型,得出对应实际氩流量260~600 L/min时原型钢包及优化后钢包的液面裸露面积及渣钢卷混情况的变化规律和临界卷渣气量。研究结果表明,原型方案下两透气砖分别位于距钢包中心0.64 R和0.76 R处,两孔成90°(0.64 R+0.76 R,90°),临界卷渣气量为550 L/min;对于两个优化方案,双孔分别位于1/3 R和0.64 R,两孔成180°(1/3 R+0.64 R,180°)以及双孔位于0.5 R圆周上,两孔成135°(0.5 R+0.5 R,135°),临界卷渣气量分别为550 L/min与600 L/min。     

Size analysis of slag eye formed by gas blowing in ladle refining

The formation of slag eye in a gas stirred ladle was studied through cold models and industrial trials.In the cold model,water and sodium tungstate solution were employed to simulate liquid steel,and silicon oil was employed to simulate slag.The simulation results revealed that the gas flow rate and bath height had strong effects on the slag eye size.In particular,the thickness of slag layer played a strong role in the slag eye size.In addition,the slag eye could not be formed when the thickness of the top layer was more than 4 cm in water-silicone oil model.Besides,the section area of vessel had a great impact on the slag eye size.Industrial trials results showed a similar trend that the gas flow rate was very significant on the slag eye size.The predictions of the existing models showed larger predictions deviations compared with the experimental data.Moreover,a new model without fitting parameters was developed based on force balance and mathematical derivation,and verified by the experimental data.The new model provides the prediction with small deviations by comparing with the data acquired from cold models and industrial trials.     

Numerical modelling of fluid flow and desulphurisation kinetics in an argon-stirred ladle furnace

A full-scale, three-dimensional, transient CFD modelling approach capable of predicting the three-phase fluid-flow characteristics and desulphurisation behaviour in an argon-stirred ladle was developed. The model can accurately predict the molten steel flow and slag eye behaviour. The predicted sulphur content in ladle as a function of time agrees well with the experimental data. The effects of the initial sulphur content, the gas flow rate and the slag layer thickness on the desulphurisation efficiency were also investigated. The predicted results show that the desulphurisation efficiency improves with the increase of the initial sulphur content, the gas flow rate and the slag layer thickness. Higher gas flow rate can improve the slag–steel interaction, which, in turn, helps improving the desulphurisation rate. The thinner the slag layer, the larger the slag eyes and the smaller the interfacial area between the slag and steel phases. The consequence is the decrease in the desulphurisation rate.     

石油套管钢Φ150～Φ200mm连铸圆坯的质量控制

采用120 t顶底复吹转炉-LF-VD-Φ150～Φ200 mm圆坯连铸流程,通过控制铁水有害残余元素含量,强化转炉前期脱磷,控制终点[C]≥0.10%,出钢钢包渣厚≤50 mm,控制精炼终渣(FeO+MnO)≤1.0%,提高VD过程底吹氩流量至200～300 L/min,连铸全程保护浇注等措施,天钢完成J55(37Mn5),L80(TC80,0.24%～0.28%C,1.40%～1.55Mn),N 80(36Mn2V)和P 110(26CrMo4)级石油套管钢连铸圆坯的开发生产。生产结果表明,J55钢级的全氧含量≤25×10-6,P≤0.020%;N80、LS0和P110级别的全氧含量≤20×10^-6,P≤0.015%;残余有害元素(Pb+Sn+As+Sb+Bi)≤140×10^-6,夹杂物总量≤2.5级,圆管坯的中心疏松和缩孔等分别≤1.0级。     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Interfacial Behavior in Three‐phase Argon‐Stirred Ladles with One Plug and Dual Plugs

A numerical investigation is performed to describe the quasi‐steady fluid flow and interfacial behavior in a three‐phase argon gas‐stirred ladle with off‐centered bottom Ar injection through a plug and two plugs placed in 180° and 90°configurations, respectively. The flow of the fluid phase is solved in an Eulerian frame of reference together with the motion of every individually injected Ar bubble, tracked in its own Lagrangian frame. Volume of fluid (VOF) model is used to track any interface between two or more immiscible phases, which include slag/metal, slag/gas and metal/gas. The characteristics of fluid flow in a gas‐stirred ladle with one plug or two plugs configuration are described when the slag layer and the top gas are presented. The slag layer deformation and slag open‐eye formation at different Ar gas flow rates for three types of plug arrangements are given. The comparison of the mixing time, the deformation of slag layer and the behavior of slag/steel interface between one‐plug and two‐plug system is made. Several implications for ladle operational issues during a gas‐stirred ladle refining cycle are discussed. It is found that the proper selection of Ar gas flow rate and plug arrangements during a ladle refining cycle is required for different refining purposes considering the mixing and metallurgical reaction in a three‐phase ladle system.     

120 t钢包底吹氩气物理模拟

为了优化国内某钢厂钢包的底吹位置和气体流量等工艺参数,更好地提高钢水洁净度,对120 t钢包建立1∶3水模型,模拟研究了底吹位置和气体流量对钢液混匀时间和钢渣覆盖情况的影响.结果表明,底吹位置不同时,混匀时间存在明显差异;随着气体流量增大,钢包混匀时间整体呈下降趋势,但减小幅度越来越小,吹气流量有最佳值;底吹位置为0....     

180t钢包底吹氩过程钢液流场特性数值模拟

为增强钢厂180 t钢包底吹氩过程搅拌效果,根据模型设计参数建立了底吹氩数学模型,运用CFD软件fluent对钢包底吹氩过程流场进行数值模拟.基于流体力学理论,计算并分析了底吹氩过程中心间距1/3R,1/2R和2/3R和底吹氩气流量300～1000 L/min对钢包内流场、"死区"比例及混匀时间等的影响规律.结果 表明...