基于光切法的三维脚型测量仪原理及系统设计

结合脚型三维轮廓测量仪的研究和设计，论述了如何将光切法用于脚型测量以及测量系统的组成，提出了采用多台CCDS摄像机从不同角度采样的空间匹配方法。介绍了三维轮廓测量中扫描控制系统的设计，从理论上论述了光切面轮廓图像的提取及处理，对测量仪中的误差进行了分析和讨论。实验结果表明系统具有良好的实用推广价值。     

三维轮廓光切法测量的图像获取及处理

介绍了基于光切法的脚型三维轮廓测量原理，针对多CCD光切测量系统组成，提出一种使用中轴跟踪和改进测偏原理相结合的高精度提取轮廓光带中心线的新方法，详述了光切面轮廓图像的提取及处理过程，并通过对提取中心线的坐标变换，获得了完整的脚型断面轮廓数据。实验结果表明该方法处理效果令人满意。     

低成本微型结构光动态三维重建系统研究

基于激光散斑投射的结构光技术只需单张图像即可实现三维重建,是重要的动态测量手段之 一。然而,散斑结构光技术在实际中的测量精度较低,无法满足精确测量需求。该研究开发了一套低 成本微型结构光系统,提出一种高精度的双目摄像机标定优化方法以及基于两步旋转的立体图像校正 方法,提高了系统参数的标定和测量精度。其中,测量系统由一个微型的光学发射器和两个摄像头组 成。通过将带有伪随机斑点的单张图案投影到目标对象的表面上,并通过双目相机成像,最终利用特 征匹配和三角原理恢复目标的深度和轮廓信息。经测试,所提出的微型结构光系统在使用优化的标定 和校正参数的条件下,对圆球、圆柱等标准体的测量精度相比传统标定方法显著提升。其中,球体重 建误差为 1.05 mm,精度提升 52.38%;圆柱重建误差为 1.61 mm,精度提高了 63.98%。     

非接触式人体三维测量系统的研究

针对传统的接触式测量方法效率低,测量结果抽象、不准确,不能通过图像的方式形象表达等不足,研制了一种低成本、高效率、快速获取三维人体数据的非接触式测量系统;该系统是根据投影栅相位法基本原理,采用具有一定特性的结构光进行照射,通过分析相位值获得被测物体的高度信息;文章从理论和实践两方面进行了深入研究,研制了由计算机、投影仪、摄像头、图像采集卡、工作台等组成的三维人体测量系统,有效地提高了人体的测量精度和测量速度.     

基于标记点图案的三维脚型建模与测量方法

面向个性化制鞋,提出并实现了一种新颖的基于立体视觉原理的三维脚型建模与测量方法.该方法把标记点图案设置在袜子上,通过10台普通摄像机来采集用户穿着这种袜子的脚型图像;然后从脚型图像中提取出标记点并进行匹配,根据立体视觉原理重建出袜子上各个标记点的三维几何位置,并利用三角化处理以及曲面细分等手段获取用户的三维脚型;最后根据制鞋工艺要求测量出制鞋相关的参数.实验结果表明,该方法可瞬间完成无盲区图像的采集,有效地减少了生物体抖动所带来的误差,使误差在±1mm之内,可应用于个性化制鞋服务.     

基于模板匹配的纸币号码识别系统

设计了一种能准确识别纸币号码的系统;该系统首先通过CCD摄像头采集图像,然后经过图像处理、扫描法定位、模板匹配几个过程输出号码串;为了提高识别率,采用基于图像轮廓提取和利用图像上、下矩对字符进行粗分类的模板匹配算法,显著减少模板匹配的计算量;实验结果表明,该方法取得了较高的识别率,并且已经在一个实际的系统中得到应用.     

双目立体视觉系统的精度分析

为提高双目立体视觉系统的测量精度,分析双目视觉系统的工作原理以及该系统各个环节的误差模型.通过提高标定模板的精度、增加标定图像,可以减小标定误差及图像校正行对齐误差.分析图像识别误差对视觉系统测量精度的影响,导入视觉系统的结构参数与测量误差之间的关系,从而确定结构参数对测量精度的作用.讨论物距对测量精度的影响,并给出合...     

基于图像检测技术的光纤插针内孔几何参数测量仪

为了测量光纤插针内孔的几何参数,研制了一种基于图像检测技术的非接触式光纤插针内孔几何参数测量系统。该测量仪将待测的光纤插针固定于显微平台上,由CCD摄像头摄取经显微成像系统放大的内孔图像,并通过数字图像采集卡传输到计算机内存中,然后,对其进行图像预处理与Canny边缘检测,采用参量式变形模板法等算法,精确测量出光纤插针内孔的各项几何参数。该测量仪可用于光纤插针的生产控制。     

围岩结构面发育程度参数的图像处理技术研究

基于图像处理技术的围岩结构面发育程度参数测量方法,是一种不同于传统测量的新方法,该方法由图像测定、图像处理、图像解析三部分组成,以普通非量测数码相机为主要工具,依托计算机进行图像信息处理,可以快速获取隧道施工掌子面围岩结构面发育程度参数信息。对这一新方法进行了较全面系统的研究,并研发了相应的处理软件,实现了该方法的自动化与智能化。通过对现场实拍的典型围岩图像进行实验分析比较,该方法在精度和效率方面都取得了较好的效果,开辟了一条围岩结构面发育程度参数调查测量方法的新途径。     

快速非接触三维形貌测量系统标定方法改进

快速非接触三维形貌测量系统采用可移动式结构,利用先进的非接触光机电一体测试手段,并运用现代图像采集和处理技术对三维物体进行扫描测量,高效率地获取物体表面的三维轮廓信息.为了保证检测精度,必须研究栅线节距的修正以及坐标系统及几何参数的标定问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.