Dielectric and electromechanical properties of rare earth calcium oxyborate piezoelectric crystals at high temperatures

The electrical resistivity, dielectric, and electromechanical properties of ReCa(4)O(BO(3))(3) (ReCOB; Re = Er, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, Pr, and La) piezoelectric crystals were investigated as a function of temperature up to 1000 °C. Of the studied crystals, ErCOB and YCOB were found to possess extremely high resistivity (p): p > 3 × 10(7) ω.cm at 1000 °C. The property variation in ReCOB crystals is discussed with respect to their disordered structure. The highest electromechanical coupling factor κ(26) and piezoelectric coefficient d(26) at 1000°C, were achieved in PrCOB crystals, with values being on the order of 24.7% and 13.1 pC/N, respectively. The high thermal stability of the electromechanical properties, with variation less than 25%, together with the low dielectric loss (<46%) and high mechanical quality factor (>1500) at elevated temperatures of 1000 °C, make ErCOB, YCOB, and GdCOB crystals promising for ultrahigh temperature electromechanical applications.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite materials at cryogenic temperatures

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite materials including La modified Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT's), (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) polycrystalline ceramics and Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) single crystals were investigated for capacitor and actuator applications at cryogenic temperatures. PZTs were compositionally engineered to have decreased Curie temperatures (Tc) by La and Sn doping in order to compensate for the loss of extrinsic contributions to piezoelectricity at cryogenic temperatures. Enhanced extrinsic contributions resulted in piezoelectric coefficients (d33) as high as 250 pC/N at 30 K, superior to that of conventional DOD Type PZT's (d33~100 pC/N). This property enhancement was associated with retuning to the MPB at cryogenic temperatures. 5/95 BST with a dielectric maximum at 57 K was investigated to obtain high electrostrictive properties or E-field induced piezoelectricity. Coupling coefficients (k31) 25% comparable to those of the cryogenic PLZT piezoelectrics were observed at d.c. bias of 1.5 kV/cm and 50 K. Though significantly lower than the room temperature values, PZN-PT rhombohedral single crystals exhibited d33> 500 pC/N at 30 K.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the mechanochemically prepared PZT ceramics

Mechanochemical synthesis was applied to obtain nanocrystalline powders of composition Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ (PZT). Milling was performed in a planetary ball mill using vials and balls made of zirconia or steel in order to investigate influence of milling media on the electrical properties of resulting ceramics. PZT ceramics showed high values for dielectric constant (∈_r), reaching 970 at room temperature, as well as low dielectric loss (tanδ) under the optimal processing conditions. High values of remanent polarization (P _r) indicate high internal polarizability. The best samples showed piezoelectric strain constant d ₃₃ = 347 pC/N and planar coupling factork _P = 0.44. Milling in ZrO₂ medium prevents powder contamination and provides reproducibility of milling process. Also, PZT obtained from the powders milled in ZrO₂ exhibited lower values of dielectric loss, in comparison with the PTZ obtained from the powders milled in Fe. This suggests that contamination of the powder with Fe could result in an increase of conductivity in final product.     

压电水听器线阵与DFB光纤水听器线阵的分析

分布反馈式(Distributed Feedback,DFB)光纤激光水听器因其多方面优越的性能近些年发展迅速,国内已对由其组成的线阵进行了成功的湖试.为检验更大规模DFB光纤激光水听器线阵的实用性能及与传统压电水听器线阵的性能区别,在某湖进行了实验,获得了传统压电水听器线阵和8元DFB光纤水听器线阵的相关数据.分析了...     

Lead-free piezoelectric composites with high piezoelectric performance and high dielectric constant caused by percolation phenomenon

We report on lead-free piezoelectric composite with high dielectric constant (ε _r > 10⁵) and the d ₃₃ (above 70 pC/N) comparable to typical lead based piezoelectric composites, or even higher, reaching as high as 107 pC/N. We achieved this through the combination of the good piezoelectric properties of the alkaline niobate (KNN) based perovskite with the flexibility of polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The dielectric properties observed in the KNN–PVDF-based piezoelectric composite were well explained in terms of an interfacial percolation model.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of neodymium oxide doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics

The dielectric and electromechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃] ceramic added with neodymium oxide have been systematically studied employing the vector impedance spectroscopic (VIS) technique. The specimens were prepared using the mixed oxide route by adding different mol% of Nd2O₃ (01 to 7mol%) in [Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃] near morphotropic phase boundary. Piezoelectric equivalent circuit parameters R, L, C_a in series and C_b in parallel have been determined by simulating /Z/ and Θ plots. Electromechanical coupling coefficients and strain constants for the radial modes show a peak at about 3 mol%, the dielectric constant peaks at about 1 mol% and voltage constants peak at about 0–75 mol% of Nd₂O₃.     

Electric and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic/piezoelectric bilayered composite

One of the most promising ways for the realization of multi-functional materials is the integration of oxides with different properties in artificial heterostructures. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric–ferromagnetic heterostructure consisting of 0.92Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃–0.08BaTiO₃ (abbreviated as BNT–BT_0.08) and CoFe₂O₄ layers is fabricated on Si–Pt substrate, by sol–gel method coupled with spin-coating technique. The composite thin film shows only perovskite Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-like rhombohedral phase and CoFe₂O₄ cubic phase. The thickness of CoFe₂O₄ and BNT–BT_0.08 layers is ~?280 and?~?400 nm, respectively. BNT–BT_0.08/CoFe₂O₄ heterostructure thin film shows a saturation magnetization of 0.11 emu/g at 5 K and 0.07 emu/g at 295 K, dielectric constant of 235 at 1 kHz and tunability of 70% at 1 kHz and an electric field E?=?110 kV/cm. The results reveal that the investigated hybrid piezoelectric/ferromagnetic structure shows piezoelectric behavior, good ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. This bilayer composite can be used in miniature low-frequency magnetic sensor and piezoelectric sensor for biomedical domain.     

轻质夹层复合吸声结构的水声性能实验研究

夹层复合吸声结构具有很强的可设计性,得到广泛的应用,但以往研究的此夹层结构的吸声芯材存在密度较大的问题.为解决此问题,采用玻璃钢作为表层材料,多种空心玻璃微珠混合填充环氧树脂和聚氨酯改性环氧树脂合成的高分子吸声材料作为芯材,设计一种轻质夹层复合吸声结构.首先研究确定了表层材料的厚度,并制作了脉冲声管测试试件,根据测试结果确定芯材的合成配方,根据此配方制作了消声水池测试试件,在消声水池中测试了其吸声系数和反射系数,最后对该结构的吸声机理进行了分析,结果证明:用空心玻璃微珠填充环氧树脂和聚氨酯改性环氧树脂可以合成低密度高分子吸声材料(相对密度0.8±0.05),用其作为芯材制作的夹层复合吸声结构具有良好的吸声性能,降低夹层结构的整体重量的同时也具有很好的声隐身效果,更有利于工程的应用.     

Microstructure variability and macroscopic composite properties of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

High performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites have made major advances in recent years, to the point where they are being adopted in building and bridge constructions. The most significant advantage of HPFRCC over conventional concrete is their high tensile ductility. However, the tensile strain capacity has been observed to vary, most likely as a result of the variability of the microstructure derived from the processing of these materials.This paper describes the composite property variability, as well as the variability of the material microstructure. Scale linkage is discussed. In particular, the tensile stress–strain curves, and the crack pattern on uniaxially loaded specimens are presented. The treatment of random fibers in micromechanical models, and tailoring of matrix flaw size distribution for saturated multiple cracking are examined. It is suggested that robust composite properties can be achieved by deliberate control of microstructure variability. Some open issues concerning the randomness of microstructures and possibly related macroscopic behavior are also identified. Further gains in composite property control may be expected from improvements in characterization and modeling of the microstructure randomness.     

基于矢量阵测量的局部近场全息技术研究

统计最优近场声全息技术是通过全息面上测量声压的线性叠加来反演重建面上的声学量,可以从理论上克服基于傅氏变换的近场声全息技术的局限性。针对水中圆柱体的噪声源识别问题,采用声压和质点振速测量来进行声全息计算,推导了基于振速测量的统计最优柱面近场声全息技术的重建公式。利用所编制的程序进行了仿真验证,最后设计矢量水听器进行水中全息实验,验证了该方法的可行性和准确性,实验结果表明,该技术在水中柱形声源辐射声场的噪声源识别和定位中有着明显的优势。     

Dielectric behaviour and improved anisotropy in piezoelectric properties of modified lead titanate ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of the nominal composition Pb_0.76−xSm_xCa_0.24Ti_0.98Mn_0.02O₃ were prepared using a solid state reaction technique. Single-phase formation was checked through X-ray diffraction. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The transition temperature determined from dielectric constant vs. temperature plots was found to decrease with increasing Samarium substitution. Poling field was optimized to achieve maximum piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric coefficients e.g. d₃₃, d₃₁, g₃₃, g₃₁, g_h, d_h, k_t and k_p were measured. The experimental results successfully showed that samarium substitution is helpful to obtain a much higher value of thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, k_t (∼ 57%) while maintaining a smaller planar electromechanical coupling coefficient, k_p in PCT ceramics.     

Dielectric properties of composite materials containing aligned carbon nanotubes

This paper presents a study of the electrodynamic properties of polymer-matrix composite materials containing a filler in the form of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. We have examined the effect of filler alignment in the composites on their interaction with electromagnetic radiation. The composite materials have an anisotropic electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and electromagnetic radiation attenuation coefficient because an applied electric field produces a preferential filler alignment direction.     

钛酸钡纤维粉复合陶瓷体系的介电性能研究

本文用水热法制备出长１０～５０ｕｍ的纤维钛酸钡,将钛酸 纤维与钛酸钡粉体复合,压片烧结,利用纤维的晶轴定向性和粉体的添隙效应制和轩新型功能材料,通过ＳＥＭ、ＨＰ４１９２Ａ等分析方法对材料的微结构和铁电、介电性能进行分析,结果表明,纤维与粉体发生固溶,介纤维的定向性仍然存在;纤维的加入有利于提高复合体系的介电常数。     

聚偏氟乙烯基复合材料的制备及介电性能

为有效改善聚合物基复合材料的介电性能,兼顾高介电常数和低填料量同时并存,采用以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体树脂,钛酸钡(BT)和石墨烯(GNP)分别为介电填料和导电填料,在BT-GNP/PVDF复合体系内部构建微电容器结构.采用溶液法和热压法制备GNP/PVDF薄膜和BT-GNP/PVDF复合薄膜.结果表明,BT和GN...     

具有多层结构的聚合物复合薄膜的介电和磁性能

采用旋涂法制备了 Fe3 O4/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合薄膜(A)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/PVDF复合薄膜(B)以及纯PVDF薄膜(P)。利用热压法制备具有3层结构的AAA、ABA及APA 复合薄膜。为了探究层状结构对复合薄膜介电和磁性能的影响,制备了单层膜A作为对比(厚度与AAA复合薄膜相同)。分别研究了薄膜的介电和磁性能。结果表明：由于界面效应,同等厚度的AAA复合薄膜较A膜而言具有较高的介电常数;以B和P薄膜替代AAA结构中间层薄膜后,其中ABA复合薄膜的介电常数高于AAA及APA复合薄膜,同时保持较低的介电损耗。对于磁性能,层状结构对复合薄膜的饱和磁化强度及矫顽力均无明显的影响,而ABA复合薄膜的饱和磁化强度高于AAA及APA复合薄膜,且ABA和APA复合薄膜的矫顽力增加。层状结构设计不仅能够调节复合材料的介电性能和磁性能,而且有利于不同纳米填料的分散,为制备多功能聚合物复合材料提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of a composite of ferroelectric ceramic and polyurethane

Flexible piezo- and pyroelectric composite was made in the thin film form by spin coating. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramic powder was dispersed in a castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) matrix, providing a composite with 0–3 connectivity. The dielectric data, measured over a wide range of frequency (10^–5 Hz to 10⁵ Hz), shows a loss peak around 100 Hz related with impurities in the polymer matrix. There is also an evidence of a peak in the range 10^–4 Hz, possibly originating from the glass transition temperature T_g of the polymer. The pyroelectric coefficient at 343 K is 7.0×10^–5 C·m^–2·K^–1 which is higher than that of β-PVDF (1×10^–5 C·m^–2·K^–1). Electronic Publication     

Self-amplified magnetoelectric properties in a dumbbell-shaped magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite

We report magnetoelectric (ME) properties in a dumbbell-shaped metallic glass alloy/Pb(Zr(x)Ti(1-x))O(3) laminated composite, yielding a magnetic field amplification resulting from magnetic flux concentration effects of the dumbbell-shaped design. Compared with the traditional rectangular structures, the modified geometry results in an effective improvement in the ME coefficient, a significant decrease in the required dc magnetic bias field, and an enhancement in magnetic field sensitivity.