Dielectric and electromechanical properties of rare earth calcium oxyborate piezoelectric crystals at high temperatures

The electrical resistivity, dielectric, and electromechanical properties of ReCa(4)O(BO(3))(3) (ReCOB; Re = Er, Y, Gd, Sm, Nd, Pr, and La) piezoelectric crystals were investigated as a function of temperature up to 1000 °C. Of the studied crystals, ErCOB and YCOB were found to possess extremely high resistivity (p): p > 3 × 10(7) ω.cm at 1000 °C. The property variation in ReCOB crystals is discussed with respect to their disordered structure. The highest electromechanical coupling factor κ(26) and piezoelectric coefficient d(26) at 1000°C, were achieved in PrCOB crystals, with values being on the order of 24.7% and 13.1 pC/N, respectively. The high thermal stability of the electromechanical properties, with variation less than 25%, together with the low dielectric loss (<46%) and high mechanical quality factor (>1500) at elevated temperatures of 1000 °C, make ErCOB, YCOB, and GdCOB crystals promising for ultrahigh temperature electromechanical applications.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite materials at cryogenic temperatures

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of perovskite materials including La modified Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT's), (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) polycrystalline ceramics and Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PZN-PT) single crystals were investigated for capacitor and actuator applications at cryogenic temperatures. PZTs were compositionally engineered to have decreased Curie temperatures (Tc) by La and Sn doping in order to compensate for the loss of extrinsic contributions to piezoelectricity at cryogenic temperatures. Enhanced extrinsic contributions resulted in piezoelectric coefficients (d33) as high as 250 pC/N at 30 K, superior to that of conventional DOD Type PZT's (d33~100 pC/N). This property enhancement was associated with retuning to the MPB at cryogenic temperatures. 5/95 BST with a dielectric maximum at 57 K was investigated to obtain high electrostrictive properties or E-field induced piezoelectricity. Coupling coefficients (k31) 25% comparable to those of the cryogenic PLZT piezoelectrics were observed at d.c. bias of 1.5 kV/cm and 50 K. Though significantly lower than the room temperature values, PZN-PT rhombohedral single crystals exhibited d33> 500 pC/N at 30 K.     

Lead-free piezoelectric composites with high piezoelectric performance and high dielectric constant caused by percolation phenomenon

We report on lead-free piezoelectric composite with high dielectric constant (ε _r > 10⁵) and the d ₃₃ (above 70 pC/N) comparable to typical lead based piezoelectric composites, or even higher, reaching as high as 107 pC/N. We achieved this through the combination of the good piezoelectric properties of the alkaline niobate (KNN) based perovskite with the flexibility of polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The dielectric properties observed in the KNN–PVDF-based piezoelectric composite were well explained in terms of an interfacial percolation model.     

Electric and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic/piezoelectric bilayered composite

One of the most promising ways for the realization of multi-functional materials is the integration of oxides with different properties in artificial heterostructures. In this paper, a novel piezoelectric–ferromagnetic heterostructure consisting of 0.92Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃–0.08BaTiO₃ (abbreviated as BNT–BT_0.08) and CoFe₂O₄ layers is fabricated on Si–Pt substrate, by sol–gel method coupled with spin-coating technique. The composite thin film shows only perovskite Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃-like rhombohedral phase and CoFe₂O₄ cubic phase. The thickness of CoFe₂O₄ and BNT–BT_0.08 layers is ~?280 and?~?400 nm, respectively. BNT–BT_0.08/CoFe₂O₄ heterostructure thin film shows a saturation magnetization of 0.11 emu/g at 5 K and 0.07 emu/g at 295 K, dielectric constant of 235 at 1 kHz and tunability of 70% at 1 kHz and an electric field E?=?110 kV/cm. The results reveal that the investigated hybrid piezoelectric/ferromagnetic structure shows piezoelectric behavior, good ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. This bilayer composite can be used in miniature low-frequency magnetic sensor and piezoelectric sensor for biomedical domain.     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of neodymium oxide doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics

The dielectric and electromechanical properties of lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃] ceramic added with neodymium oxide have been systematically studied employing the vector impedance spectroscopic (VIS) technique. The specimens were prepared using the mixed oxide route by adding different mol% of Nd2O₃ (01 to 7mol%) in [Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃] near morphotropic phase boundary. Piezoelectric equivalent circuit parameters R, L, C_a in series and C_b in parallel have been determined by simulating /Z/ and Θ plots. Electromechanical coupling coefficients and strain constants for the radial modes show a peak at about 3 mol%, the dielectric constant peaks at about 1 mol% and voltage constants peak at about 0–75 mol% of Nd₂O₃.     

Microstructure variability and macroscopic composite properties of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

High performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites have made major advances in recent years, to the point where they are being adopted in building and bridge constructions. The most significant advantage of HPFRCC over conventional concrete is their high tensile ductility. However, the tensile strain capacity has been observed to vary, most likely as a result of the variability of the microstructure derived from the processing of these materials.This paper describes the composite property variability, as well as the variability of the material microstructure. Scale linkage is discussed. In particular, the tensile stress–strain curves, and the crack pattern on uniaxially loaded specimens are presented. The treatment of random fibers in micromechanical models, and tailoring of matrix flaw size distribution for saturated multiple cracking are examined. It is suggested that robust composite properties can be achieved by deliberate control of microstructure variability. Some open issues concerning the randomness of microstructures and possibly related macroscopic behavior are also identified. Further gains in composite property control may be expected from improvements in characterization and modeling of the microstructure randomness.     

Dielectric behaviour and improved anisotropy in piezoelectric properties of modified lead titanate ceramics

Polycrystalline samples of the nominal composition Pb_0.76−xSm_xCa_0.24Ti_0.98Mn_0.02O₃ were prepared using a solid state reaction technique. Single-phase formation was checked through X-ray diffraction. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The transition temperature determined from dielectric constant vs. temperature plots was found to decrease with increasing Samarium substitution. Poling field was optimized to achieve maximum piezoelectric properties. Piezoelectric coefficients e.g. d₃₃, d₃₁, g₃₃, g₃₁, g_h, d_h, k_t and k_p were measured. The experimental results successfully showed that samarium substitution is helpful to obtain a much higher value of thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient, k_t (∼ 57%) while maintaining a smaller planar electromechanical coupling coefficient, k_p in PCT ceramics.     

Dielectric properties of composite materials containing aligned carbon nanotubes

This paper presents a study of the electrodynamic properties of polymer-matrix composite materials containing a filler in the form of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. We have examined the effect of filler alignment in the composites on their interaction with electromagnetic radiation. The composite materials have an anisotropic electrical conductivity, dielectric permittivity, and electromagnetic radiation attenuation coefficient because an applied electric field produces a preferential filler alignment direction.     

钛酸钡纤维粉复合陶瓷体系的介电性能研究

本文用水热法制备出长１０～５０ｕｍ的纤维钛酸钡,将钛酸 纤维与钛酸钡粉体复合,压片烧结,利用纤维的晶轴定向性和粉体的添隙效应制和轩新型功能材料,通过ＳＥＭ、ＨＰ４１９２Ａ等分析方法对材料的微结构和铁电、介电性能进行分析,结果表明,纤维与粉体发生固溶,介纤维的定向性仍然存在;纤维的加入有利于提高复合体系的介电常数。     

具有多层结构的聚合物复合薄膜的介电和磁性能

采用旋涂法制备了 Fe3 O4/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合薄膜(A)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)/PVDF复合薄膜(B)以及纯PVDF薄膜(P)。利用热压法制备具有3层结构的AAA、ABA及APA 复合薄膜。为了探究层状结构对复合薄膜介电和磁性能的影响,制备了单层膜A作为对比(厚度与AAA复合薄膜相同)。分别研究了薄膜的介电和磁性能。结果表明：由于界面效应,同等厚度的AAA复合薄膜较A膜而言具有较高的介电常数;以B和P薄膜替代AAA结构中间层薄膜后,其中ABA复合薄膜的介电常数高于AAA及APA复合薄膜,同时保持较低的介电损耗。对于磁性能,层状结构对复合薄膜的饱和磁化强度及矫顽力均无明显的影响,而ABA复合薄膜的饱和磁化强度高于AAA及APA复合薄膜,且ABA和APA复合薄膜的矫顽力增加。层状结构设计不仅能够调节复合材料的介电性能和磁性能,而且有利于不同纳米填料的分散,为制备多功能聚合物复合材料提供了一定的借鉴作用。     

Dielectric and pyroelectric properties of a composite of ferroelectric ceramic and polyurethane

Flexible piezo- and pyroelectric composite was made in the thin film form by spin coating. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramic powder was dispersed in a castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) matrix, providing a composite with 0–3 connectivity. The dielectric data, measured over a wide range of frequency (10^–5 Hz to 10⁵ Hz), shows a loss peak around 100 Hz related with impurities in the polymer matrix. There is also an evidence of a peak in the range 10^–4 Hz, possibly originating from the glass transition temperature T_g of the polymer. The pyroelectric coefficient at 343 K is 7.0×10^–5 C·m^–2·K^–1 which is higher than that of β-PVDF (1×10^–5 C·m^–2·K^–1). Electronic Publication     

Self-amplified magnetoelectric properties in a dumbbell-shaped magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite

We report magnetoelectric (ME) properties in a dumbbell-shaped metallic glass alloy/Pb(Zr(x)Ti(1-x))O(3) laminated composite, yielding a magnetic field amplification resulting from magnetic flux concentration effects of the dumbbell-shaped design. Compared with the traditional rectangular structures, the modified geometry results in an effective improvement in the ME coefficient, a significant decrease in the required dc magnetic bias field, and an enhancement in magnetic field sensitivity.     

New technology of polymer-piezoceramic composites with high piezoelectric and electromechanical properties

A new technology of polymer-piezoceramic composites with high piezoelectric and electromechanical properties is described. The proposed technology is based on the crystallization of composites under the combined action of electric-discharge plasma and temperature (plasma-assisted thermocrystallization).     

Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of modified lead titanate zirconate ceramics from 4.2 to 300 K

The dielectric and piezoelectric properties (d-p properties) of four kinds of doped lead titanate zirconate piezoelectric ceramics (PZTs) have been measured from 4.2 to 300 K. The d-p properties of the materials converge with decreasing temperature down to liquid helium temperature, even though the properties have large differences at room temperatue. The values of mechanical and electrical quality factors,Q _m,Q _e, and of the frequency constant,N, of the materials increased at low temperature. It is evident from the freeze out inK′ and the associate temperature: frequency-dependent maxima in tan 5 that the relaxation processes including ferroelectric domain wall motion and thermal defect motion contribute to the d-p properties. The Navy type-III composition has a minimum temperature coefficient of d-p parameters and it is evident that PZT ceramics modified with Fe₂O₃ can provide good stability and also give the strongest piezoelectric response at liquid helium temperature.     

Dielectric properties of piezoelectric 3-0 composites of lithium ferrite/barium titanate

Piezoelectric 3-0 composite ceramics are prepared from a mixture of barium titanate and lithium ferrite phase constituents. Dielectric properties of composites are affected by a number of parameters that include electrical properties, size, shape and amount of constituent phases. The frequency dependent measurements can provide additional insight into mechanisms controlling electrical response. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant plots of lithium ferrite/barium titanate composites will be given and the relevance of trends seen in them will be discussed. Connectivity in composites developed is studied.     

Fabrication,properties and structure of a high temperature light alloy composite

Paniculate alumina reinforced Al-4Cr-1 Fe alloys were fabricated from rapidly solidified aluminium alloy powder and commercially purchased alumina powder by traditional powder metallurgical techniques involving powder mixing and cold compaction followed by hot extrusion. The tensile tests at ambient temperature indicated a considerable improvement in the mechanical strength at the expense of ductility and modulus. Poor values of modulus were explained by the presence of porosity in the composites. The high temperature mechanical properties of the matrix, tested at 350 °C after prolonged exposure to the test temperature under static air conditions, were intrinsically poor. Additions of the filler material, alumina particles, up to a weight fraction of 15% did not improve the high temperature performance of the matrix substantially. Possible causes for this are discussed and alternatives proposed.     

SnO2-Zn2SnO4复合陶瓷的介电性质研究

通过传统陶瓷制备工艺制备了致密的SnO2-Zn2SnO4复合陶瓷,研究了不同SnO2、Zn2SnO4复合比例对陶瓷介电性质的影响及其高介电性质产生的机理。研究发现,40Hz时,该复合陶瓷的相对介电常数高达104,远高于SnO2、Zn2SnO4陶瓷,且样品的相对介电常数、导纳随组分的变化规律一致。进一步研究发现,样品的电容随着施加偏压的变化满足肖特基势垒电容公式,这表明,SnO2-Zn2SnO4复合陶瓷的高介电行为起源于晶界处的双肖特基势垒。     

高性能苯并(噁)嗪基复合材料研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在苯并(噁)嗪树脂基复合材料方面的研究进展,重点介绍了以苯并(噁)嗪为基体的复合材料在耐热、增韧、增强等方面包括化学改性和物理共混研究进展,并初步判断了今后以苯并(噁)嗪树脂为基体的复合材料的发展方向.