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1.
Dr. Markus Bauer Norbert Hopf Dr. Eugen Hofstetter Prof. Dr. Stefan Peiffer 《化学,工程师,技术》2013,85(3):374-382
An innovative, technical approach for the reduction of CO2 emissions is presented that utilizes alkaline wastes to capture CO2 from flue gases in stable mineral form. Comprehensive pilot‐scale experiments were conducted with the developed flue gas scrubbing system at a power plant site. By optimizing the process parameters gas flux, CO2 partial pressure, circulation flux and suspension liquid‐to‐solid ratio, a CO2 binding of 40 – 90 g kg–1 waste could be reached and up to 25 % of the CO2 could be captured. The new technique is economically advantageous especially when both alkaline waste and CO2 are produced on site and when the carbonated products can be used as secondary resources. 相似文献
2.
With respect to the climate goals of the greenhouse gas (GHG) neutrality in 2050, different GHG reduction strategies are discussed for industrial processes. For a comparison of the strategies carbon direct avoidance (CDA), carbon capture and storage, and carbon capture and utilization (CCU), the method system expansion is applied. Exemplarily, the CO2 reduction potential and the energy demand are determined. The Carbon2Chem® project is described as an example of CCU for the steel and chemical production. The direct reduction with H2 represents the CDA strategy for the steel industry. 相似文献
3.
Nils Thonemann Sebastian Stießel Daniel Maga Markus Hiebel Boris Dresen Björn Hunstock Görge Deerberg Eckhard Weidner 《化学,工程师,技术》2019,91(9):1238-1250
The use of CO2 as raw material is increasingly gaining in importance as an option for climate protection and as an alternative raw material feedstock. Both direct electrochemical syntheses and thermochemical processes are associated with a high demand for electrical energy. A contribution to climate protection is only possible in the case of low‐carbon power generation, as can be realized, e.g., by wind power or solar energy. This article presents a methodology for identifying suitable sites for the CO2‐based production of olefins in Germany. 相似文献
4.
As part of CO2 abatement strategies for climate change, we are investigating coal combusion behaviour in various O2/CO2 mixtures and in air. The goal is to simulate conditions of coal combustion with flue gas recirculation in order to maximize the CO2 concentration in the flue gas prior to its recovery. A western Canadian sub‐bituminous coal and a U.S. eastern bituminous coal were investigated. Thermal input was set at 0.21 MW with a flue gas oxygen concentration of 5 vol%. Experiments were done using various O2/CO2 mixtures and air. The oxygen concentration ranged from 21% to 42%. Up to 95% CO2 concentrations were achieved in the flue gas. This paper describes experimental results in terms of flame temperatures and pollutant emissions (NOx', SO2 and CO). 相似文献
5.
Synthese von aliphatischen Aldehyden aus Alkanen und Kohlendioxid: Valeraldehyd aus Butan und CO2 – Machbarkeit und Grenzen
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Susanne Fritschi Wolfgang Korth Jennifer Julis Daniela Kruse Hanna Hahn Robert Franke Ivana Fleischer Abhishek Dutta Chowdhury Nico Weding Ralf Jackstell Matthias Beller Andreas Jess 《化学,工程师,技术》2015,87(10):1313-1326
During the last decades, the engineering of chemical processes has focused more and more on energy efficiency and reduction of climate‐changing emissions. Regarding the synthesis of aldehydes, the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of alkanes to olefins, using visible (sun) light, and the subsequent hydroformylation of such olefins with CO2 seem to be capable to achieve both targets. This work deals mainly with catalyst concepts for both reaction steps. Here, kinetic studies of the photocatalytic alkane dehydrogenation are presented, and the feasibility of hydroformylation using CO2 is described in a continuous gas phase reaction. The problems that have to be solved befoe the technical application are discussed and an economic and ecological evaluation for both processes is carried out. 相似文献
6.
Membranbasierte Bereitstellung von CO2 für die dezentrale Algenproduktion in einer Bioenergiefassade
Thorsten Wolff Ph.D. Torsten Brinkmann Carsten Scholles Dr. habil. Martin Kerner 《化学,工程师,技术》2023,95(12):2015-2021
This study emphasizes the importance of a sustainable energy supply with regard to climate change. A way is shown how a de-centralized heat supply in urban areas with renewable energies can be combined with algae production. The decentrally generated CO2 emissions are made usable for biomass production by means of membrane separation technology. The operating behavior of the CO2-selective membrane materials was observed over an operating period of almost 10 years. This provides solid evidence of the operability of the polymer membrane and membrane module technology. It enables further optimization of the separation process for future applications, also in a wider range of applications. 相似文献
7.
Ni‐ and Ru‐containing supported catalysts were prepared and used for the CO2 hydrogenation to methane (Sabatier reaction) in the gas phase. Tests on the effect of the reaction temperature and pressure were in the focus. ZrO2 and γ‐Al2O3 were used as suitable catalyst supports. CO2 and H2 conversions of 70 – 80 % and selectivity to methane of > 99 % were reached. TiO2 and SiO2 based catalysts exclusively lead to CO and seem to be not suited for this reaction. The investigations on the pressure effect impressively demonstrated the influence on the chemical equilibrium. CO2 and H2 can be nearly completely converted with > 99.9 % selectivity to methane over Ru/ZrO2. 相似文献
8.
Kosan Roh Ali S. Al-Hunaidy Hasan Imran Jay H. Lee 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2019,65(7):e16580
This paper introduces a mathematical formulation to identify promising CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) processing paths and assess their production rates by solving an optimization problem. The problem is cast as a multi-objective one by simultaneously maximizing a net profit and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction. Three case studies are illustrated using an exemplary CCU processing network. The results indicate the optimal solution is greatly influenced by the scale of CO2 emission source, market demand, and hydrogen availability. Moreover, with the current system of measuring the GHG reduction regarding a business-as-usual level, if the aim is to achieve a GHG reduction within a national boundary, the question of whether CCU plants producing a product of same functionality through conventional means, which the CO2-based product can replace, exists in the country can come into consideration. This systematic identification will assist decision-making regarding future R&D investment and construction of large-scale CCU plants. 相似文献
9.
Influence of Alkaline Additives and Buffers on Mineral Trapping of CO2 under Mild Conditions
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Marta K. Schütz Natália F. Lopes Angélica Cenci João Marcelo M. Ketzer Sandra Einloft Jeane Dullius Rosane Ligabue 《化学工程与技术》2018,41(3):573-579
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is the main contributor to climate change. CO2 storage in underground brines and oil‐field brines by mineral trapping has been considered as a promising alternative in order to reduce CO2 emissions. However, permanent storage of CO2 in stable carbonate minerals is greatly dependent on brine pH, being favored over an alkaline pH. The effect of alkaline additives (NaOH, KOH, CaO) and buffer solutions (NaHCO3/NaOH, Na2HPO4/NaOH, NH4Cl/NH4OH) on the mineral trapping of CO2 under mild conditions using a synthetic brine is investigated. The results indicate that both NaOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH and KOH+NH4Cl/NH4OH mixtures promote precipitation mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). 相似文献
10.
After a high-temperature reduction (HTR) at 773 K, TiO2-supported Au became very active for CO oxidation at 313 K and was an order of magnitude more active than SiO2-supported Au, whereas a low-temperature reduction (LTR) at 473 K produced a Au/TiO2 catalyst with very low activity. A HTR step followed by calcination at 673 K and a LTR step gave the most active Au/TiO2 catalyst of all, which was 100-fold more active at 313 K than a typical 2% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst and was stable above 400 K whereas a sharp decrease in activity occurred with the other Au/TiO2 (HTR) sample. With a feed of 5% CO, 5% O2 in He, almost 40% of the CO was converted at 313 K and essentially all the CO was oxidized at 413 K over the best Au/TiO2 catalyst at a space velocity of 333 h–1 based on CO + O2. Half the chloride in the Au precursor was retained in the Au/TiO2 (LTR) sample whereas only 16% was retained in the other three catalysts; this may be one reason for the low activity of the Au/TiO2 (LTR) sample. The reaction order on O2 was approximately 0.4 between 310 and 360 K, while that on CO varied from 0.2 to 0.6. The chemistry associated with this high activity is not yet known but is presently attributed to a synergistic interaction between gold and titania. 相似文献
11.
Bing Zhang Dezhong Song Youzhen Liu Quanxiao Deng Yang Yuan Qingquan Liu Jia Huo 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2023,69(10):e18175
Developing electrocatalysts for CO2 electroreduction with high activity and superior selectivity is extremely important and desirable from both academic and industrial perspectives. However, owing to competition with hydrogen evolution, highly efficient CO2 reduction is mostly achieved with high CO selectivity in a narrow potential range, which is incompatible with a large cell voltage required for industrial-level CO2 reduction. Herein, we report an effective strategy to regulate CO2 reduction performances of single-atom Ni electrocatalysts over a broad potential window by engineering their pore structures (micropores, mesopores, or hierarchical pores with both micropores and mesopores). It is revealed that hierarchically pores can significantly promote CO2 reduction efficiency of single-atom Ni electrocatalysts. The hierarchically porous electrocatalyst achieves a maximum CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 97.4% at −1.2 V (vs. RHE) and shows high FECO of >85% over a broad potential window from −0.7 to −1.7 V, much superior to electrocatalysts with other pore structures. More impressively, turnover frequency of the hierarchically porous electrocatalyst increases rapidly with increasing the applied potential and reaches 50,067 h−1 at −1.7 V. Such CO2 electroreduction promotion could be attributed to a synergistic effect of micropores for enhancing CO2 adsorption and mesopores for facilitating rapid release of product bubbles, which significantly improves CO2 reduction and suppresses hydrogen evolution. 相似文献
12.
Ying Zhang Yunliang Liu Qing Yu Qiankang Zhang Zhanbo Si Haitao Li Hui Xu 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2023,69(12):e18233
Electrochemical reduction of CO2 is widely researched in recent years. However, direct electro-reduction of diluted CO2 to C2 products is seldomly studied. In this work, electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with different concentrations were conducted on Cu2(PO4)(OH) catalysts. The catalytic performance in diluted CO2 is comparable with that in pure CO2 by using Cu2(PO4)(OH) as catalyst. Besides, the selectivity of C2 product is still as high as 64.6% in 50%CO2 concentration. The normalized C2 current density of Cu2(PO4)(OH) was over 6.8 times higher than that of commonly used Cu2O–Cu catalyst with similar size. In situ Raman spectroscopy proved that Cu+ is the main active site at higher potentials. More importantly, a higher local pH is realized under diluted CO2 test conditions which is favorable for promoting C–C coupling. Finally, in situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was performed to further monitor and identify the adsorbed intermediates and help reveal the mechanism for the catalysts. 相似文献
13.
Christian David García Jiménez Alberto Cláudio Habert Cristiano Piacsek Borges 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(21):50476
Removing CO2 from flue gas streams has been a permanent challenge regarding environmental issues. Membrane technology is a solution for this problem but more efficient membranes are required. The fabrication of dual-layer polyurethane/polyethersulfone membrane by the co-casting technique is undertaken and the effects of previous evaporation time and coagulation water bath temperature on membrane morphology are explored. Uniform layers with excellent adhesion are obtained. The effect of feed pressure and temperature on membrane permeability and selectivity for CO2, N2, and O2 are studied. Increasing the pressure from 1 to 8 bar results in a reduction of CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 ideal selectivity from 19.6 to 13.0 barrer, and from 66 to 60, respectively. Temperature in the range of 25–45°C enhances CO2 permeability from 19.6 to 28.9 barrer, although CO2/N2 selectivity decreases from 66 to 43, yet showing good potential for applications. 相似文献
14.
Yu. M. Mikhailov V. V. Aleshin L. V. Zhemchugova D. Yu. Kovalev 《International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis》2018,27(3):162-166
Flameless combustion of 40% Fe2O3 – 40% RDX – 20% HDI (mix I) and 30% CoCO3 – 15% iron formate – 40% RDX – 15% HDI (mix II) systems was explored by time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXRD). In case of mix I, the reaction was found to proceed via the formation of FeO intermediate: Fe2O3 → FeO → Fe3O4. Variation in the extent of iron reduction was associated with dynamic temperature change and a reductant content of the reaction zone. The reduction proceeded as a solid-state reaction, without amorphization of the structure. The process in system II involved the formation of CoO and FeO intermediates. Further reduction – up to metals – takes place behind the combustion front and yields a mixture of nanosized Co, Fe, and Co0.7Fe0.3 particles. Exposure of hot reaction products – nano-sized Co and Fe – to the air leads to their self-ignition and formation of Co3O4 and Fe3O4, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Economic Assessment of the Hydrogenation of CO2 to Liquid Fuels and Petrochemical Feedstock
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Dr.‐Ing. Quido Smejkal Dr. Uwe Rodemerck Dr.‐Ing. Edmund Wagner Prof. em. Dr. Manfred Baerns 《化学,工程师,技术》2014,86(5):679-686
To remove high concentrations of CO2 from the off‐gas of coal‐driven power plants, a new process was proposed. The catalytic hydrogenation of the CO2 leads to the production of C2 – C4 (petrochemical feedstock) and liquid C5+ hydrocarbons (fuel). Thus, environmentally harmful CO2 may be converted sustainably to useful products. On the basis of a process flow sheet, the costs for processing the CO2 are estimated for different plant sizes. The price of hydrogen contributes significantly to the overall production costs. Further price reductions may be achieved by final engineering optimization of the process as a whole and specific unit operations. 相似文献
16.
Yaser Khojasteh-Salkuyeh Omid Ashrafi Ehsan Mostafavi Philippe Navarri 《加拿大化工杂志》2023,101(10):5446-5459
Mitigating CO2 emissions from industries and other sectors of our economy is a critical component of building a sustainable economy. This paper investigates two different methanol synthesis routes based on CO2 utilization (CO2 capture and utilization [CCU], and tri-reforming of methane [TRM]), and compares the results with the conventional methanol production using natural gas as the feedstock (NG-MeOH). A comprehensive techno-economic analysis (TEA) model that includes the findings of the life cycle assessment (LCA) models of methanol production using various CO2 utilization pathways is conducted. Economic analysis is conducted by developing a cost model that is connected to the simulation models for each production route. Compared to the conventional process (with a GHG emission of 0.6 kg CO2/kg MeOH), the lifecycle GHG reduction of 1.75 and 0.41 kg CO2/kg MeOH are achievable in the CCU and TRM pathways, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that, under current market conditions and hydrogen production costs, methanol production via CO2 hydrogenation will result in a cost approximately three times higher than that of the conventional process. The integrated TEA–LCA model shows that this increased cost of production equates to a required life cycle GHG reduction credit of $279 to $422 per tonne of CO2 utilized, depending on construction material and selected pathway. Additionally, when compared to the CO2 hydrogenation route, the tri-reforming process (TRM-MeOH) can result in a 42% cost savings. Furthermore, a minimum financial support of $56 per tonne utilized CO2 will be required to make the TRM-MeOH process economically viable. 相似文献
17.
Elaine Gomez Zhenhua Xie Jingguang G. Chen 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2019,65(8):e16670
The catalytic reduction of CO2 by propane may occur via dry reforming to produce syngas (CO + H2) or oxidative dehydrogenation to yield propylene. Utilizing propane and CO2 as coreactants presents several advantages over conventional methane dry reforming or direct propane dehydrogenation, including lower operating temperatures and less coke formation. Thus, it is of great interest to identify catalytic systems that can either effectively break the C C bond to generate syngas or selectively break C H bonds to produce propylene. In this study, several precious and nonprecious bimetallic catalysts supported on reducible CeO2 were investigated using flow reactor studies at 823 K to identify selective catalysts for CO2-assisted reforming and dehydrogenation of propane. 相似文献
18.
In order to verify the resource utilization of CO2 from coal‐fired flue gas, the conversion of CO2 by sodium borohydride was investigated under atmospheric pressure and moderate temperature. According to the product analysis results of mass spectrometry and ion chromatography, combined with the comparison of electrode potentials, the mechanism of CO2 reaction with sodium borohydride was deduced, in which formate was confirmed as the main reduction product, and the intermediates of [BHi(HCO2)(OH)3–i]?1 were considered as the essential mediums for the formation of formate. The feasibility of this conversion was studied thermodynamically. 相似文献
19.
Phase equilibria in the carbon dioxide - n-hexadecane and carbon dioxide – water systems have been measured at temperatures between 314 K and 353 K and pressures between 8.53 and 16.12 MPa. The results have been correlated using two cubic equations of state and also compared with measurements reported in the literature. 相似文献
20.
Mohsen Karimi Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta Carmem N. d. P. Gonçalves Helder T. Gomes Alírio E. Rodrigues José A. C. Silva 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(7):1336-1349
Increasing greenhouse gas emissions contributing to the global climate change are a major concern of environmental protection. Developing adsorbents from low-cost and renewable resources is an attractive strategy. On the other hand, the high capacity of production rates of municipal solid waste, besides high methane emissions, is the origin of some eco-systemic challenges. The combination of the two environmental problems is considered by introducing the compost from a mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid wastes as a low-cost source of adsorbent for CO2 capture. The obtained compost was thermally and chemically activated and the CO2 adsorption capacities of prepared samples were evaluated. Samples prepared sequentially with sulfuric acid and heated at 800 °C and vice versa, respectively, had the highest uptake capacities and were comparable with commercial adsorbents. 相似文献