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Solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) are heat engines which can generate electricity from concentrated sunlight. The non-uniform illumination caused by the optical concentrator may affect the performance of solar thermoelectric generators. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model of solar thermoelectric generators is established. The two-dimensional Gaussian distribution is employed to modify the illumination profiles incident on the thermoelectric generator. Six non-uniformities of solar illumination are investigated while keeping the total energy constant. The influences of non-uniform illumination on the temperature distribution, the voltage distribution, and the maximum output power are respectively discussed. Three thermoelectric generators with 32, 18 and 8 pairs of thermocouples are compared to investigate their capability under non-uniform solar radiation. The result shows that the non-uniformity of the solar illumination has a great effect on the temperature distribution and the voltage distribution. Central thermoelectric legs can achieve a larger temperature difference and generate a larger voltage than peripheral ones. The non-uniform solar illumination will weaken the capability of the TE generator, and the maximum output power decrease by 1.4% among the range of non-uniformity studied in this paper. Reducing the number of the thermoelectric legs for non-uniform solar illumination can greatly increase the performance of the thermoelectric generator. 相似文献
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F. J. Willars‐Rodríguez E. A. Chávez‐Urbiola P. Vorobiev Yu. V. Vorobiev 《国际能源研究杂志》2017,41(3):377-388
An experimental model of a solar hybrid system including photovoltaic (PV) module, concentrating Fresnel lens, thermoelectric generator (TEG), and running water heat extracting unit was created and studied. The PV module used was of c‐Si and TEG of Bi2Te3; the Fresnel lens (solar concentrator) and TEG share an optical train, whereas PV module was illuminated separately with non‐concentrated light. Heat extracting unit operated in thermo siphon mode. In climatic conditions of Mexico (Queretaro, 20o of North latitude, summer time), the Fresnel lens accepted 120 W of solar radiation power, and the system generated 7.0 W of electric power and 30 W of thermal one. The discussion is made of the possible characteristics of a hypothetical hybrid system where all its elements share the same optical train. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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屋面热工性能的提升对于降低室内空调采暖能耗和改善室内热舒适性具有重大意义,该文详细介绍建筑节能领域的架空隔热技术的研究进展及发展趋势,分析不同架空隔热技术的隔热原理及对室内热舒适度的影响,对传统与新型架空隔热屋面的研究进展分别进行阐述。传统架空隔热屋面具有改善隔热的优势,但其结构未将优势达到最大化,目前学者们在此基础上广泛研究各类新型架空隔热屋面,意在从结构优化、使用新型材料、复合型屋面等方式进一步提高架空隔热屋面的热工性能。该文还对光伏与架空隔热结合的光伏架空隔热屋面相关研究进行重点讨论和比较,光伏架空隔热屋面具有改善屋面隔热性能和利用太阳能为建筑供电的两种优势。在当前中国倡导绿色发展,加快能源结构转型的背景下,新型光伏架空隔热屋面更符合建筑节能和光伏建筑一体化的发展趋势。 相似文献
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简要介绍了上海的太阳能资源条件,分析了太阳能转换利用的主要技术途径,对上海太阳能技术发展现状和应用前景做了总结。 相似文献
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通过在光伏组件的背面连接了一个热电转换模块,形成一个光伏一热电混合模块,从而将光伏组件工作过程中产生的废热转换成电能的同时又降低了光伏组件的温度,进而提高了光电转换效率。将光伏一热电模块与百叶有效结合,从而实现了室内采光、通风及节约空间等多种功能。同时,为了提高光伏组件的入射太阳辐射,引入了可调节的抛物型双面聚焦板,减少了太阳能电池板的面积,从而减少了太阳能发电的成本。 相似文献
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在简述太阳能利用技术和资源背景基础上,介绍国内外太阳能光伏发电及太阳能热利用技术和产业发展概况,并对本世纪太阳能利用技术的发展趋势和前景进行讨论。 相似文献
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为冷却光伏组件,用定型相变材料填充管板式PV/T集热器,并以无集热器组件和保温材料填充的集热器为参照组,进行了工质(水)温升及对组件冷却效果的试验。试验结果表明:采用相变材料填充的相变蓄热式集热器能明显降低组件温度,并提高了热能利用率,其冷却效果和工质温升均优于保温材料填充式集热器;在流量为30 L/h的开式水冷条件下,相变材料填充式集热器工质(水)的平均温升为5.6℃,平均获得热能702k J/h,组件温度平均降低了6.8℃,理论光电转换效率提高了3.4%;使用相变蓄热式集热器的组件温度变化约滞后于太阳辐射变化2 h,最低效率时刻避开了辐射值最大时刻,全天效率得到提高。 相似文献
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Technological breakthroughs in renewable energy technologies (RETs) enabled them to attain grid parity thereby making them potential contenders for existing conventional resources. To examine the market participation of RETs, this paper formulates a scheduling problem accommodating energy market participation of wind- and solar-independent power producers (IPPs) treating both conventional and RETs as identical entities. Furthermore, constraints pertaining to penetration and curtailments of RETs are restructured. Additionally, an appropriate objective function for profit incurred by conventional resource IPPs through reserve market participation as a function of renewable energy curtailment is also proposed. The proposed concept is simulated with a test system comprising 10 conventional generation units in conjunction with solar photovoltaic (SPV) and wind energy generators (WEG). The simulation results indicate that renewable energy integration and its curtailment limits influence the market participation or scheduling strategies of conventional resources in both energy and reserve markets. Furthermore, load and reliability parameters are also affected. 相似文献
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This paper presents the analytical study of flat plate collector based on the computer‐based thermal models considering two different cases, case A (fully covered by glass) and case B (fully covered by photovoltaic (PV) module). These models are developed based on energy balance equations. An analytical expression for characteristic equation for photovoltaic–thermal flat plate collector has been derived as a function of design and climatic parameters. This paper shows the detailed analysis of energy, exergy and electrical energy by varying the number of collectors by considering four weather conditions (A, B, C and D type) for five different cities (New Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, Srinagar and Jodhpur) of India. It is observed that the collectors fully covered by PV module combine the production of hot water in addition to electricity generation and it is beneficial in terms of exergy, thermal energy and electrical energy gain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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针对光电/光热综合利用(PV/T),提出一种纳米级金属(银)网格涂层,在太阳辐射波段(0.3~2.5 μm)具有高透过率,在红外波段(2.5~25 μm)具有高反射率,与全波段(0.3~25 μm)高吸收/发射的PV/T吸收器结合可产生太阳辐射波段高吸收、红外低发射的光谱选择特性,从而显著降低PV/T的辐射热损。基于时域有限差分方法,模拟分析网格周期、宽度和厚度对金属网格涂层光谱特性的影响。结果表明:当纳米金属网格的周期为500 nm,厚度为50 nm、宽度为30 nm时,其太阳波段透过率达到0.90,红外反射率达到0.88。与已有ITO光谱选择性涂层相比,金属网格涂层的太阳辐射透过率提高20%,红外反射率提高24%,同时薄层电阻(5.3 Ω/Sq)降低47%。 相似文献
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聚光型太阳能光伏光热系统(CPV/T)在传统光伏发电系统的基础上增加了聚光系统和光热系统,在通过聚光系统提高光伏效率的同时将系统中多余的热量加以利用,以达到太阳能最大化利用的目的。本文介绍了CPV/T系统的工作原理及其能效影响因素,以直接影响系统太阳能综合利用效率的聚光器技术、光伏电池技术和光伏冷却技术作为分析对象,结合近几年国内外最新研究成果比较了不同类型聚光器、光伏电池以及冷却方式的优劣,列举了常见的光伏余热利用方式。分析认为:CPV/T系统虽然具有更高的太阳能利用率,但应加大对系统尤其是聚光器经济性的分析;考虑在系统中应用叠层光伏电池缓解聚光器带来的系统体积过大问题;新电池开发过程中应更注意光伏电池的温度系数以减少冷却系统的压力,冷却技术在强化散热的同时也应注意热量的收集方法及其与利用途径的有效结合。 相似文献
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考虑现阶段市场普遍采用的峰谷分时阶梯电价机制,该文给出一种基于图形逻辑分析方法,以应用双向逆变器的光伏储能系统用户日用电消费最低为目的创新型能量管理方法。该方法通过分析每日用户用电量与光伏发电量,储能系统状态,结合现行电价与光伏补贴价格,设计光伏储能系统电能的合理流动及控制算法。利用电力公司的用户用电量、光伏发电量数据及上海市实际电价,验证该图形逻辑分析方法的有效性。计算表明在该方法控制下用户日用电消费明显降低;运算速度在相同仿真计算平台下,相比于普通寻优方法显著提高。 相似文献
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Nano-composites of graphene oxide (GO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were prepared by a simple physical method and well dispersed into Therminol®66 to form hybrid nanofluids with mass fractions in the range of 10 to 150 ppm. The suspension stability, optical absorption properties and photo-thermal conversion characteristics of GO/MWCNT nanofluids were tested and evaluated. GO nanosheets can avoid the self-entanglement and agglomeration of MWCNTs and ensure long-time suspension stability. The solar energy absorption capability increased with the composite concentration, and the majority of incoming radiation could be absorbed in a fluid layer of 1.5 cm. There existed an optimum concentration of 100 ppm related to the indoor experiment, and the temperature could be increased up to 94°C with the corresponding receiver efficiency greatly improved from 52% (Therminol®66) to 70% (100 ppm). Besides, a line focusing Fresnel lens was utilized for the outdoor solar concentrating experiment, and the photo-thermal conversion performance of hybrid nanofluids increased with the composite mass fraction from 30 to 100 ppm. A highest temperature of 153°C was achieved at 100 ppm concentration. The thermal oxidation without degradation of Therminol®66 occurred after indoor/outdoor experiments, and slightly enhanced the optical absorption owing to the solar radiation induced heating effect. The GO-MWCNT/Therminol®66 nanofluids exhibit a good prospect in volumetric solar thermal systems from low to medium temperatures. 相似文献
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太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化系统的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
太阳能光伏光热一体化不仅能够有效降低光伏组件的温度,提高光伏发电效率,而且能够产生热能,从而大大提高了太阳能的转换效率。对光伏光热建筑一体化(BIPV/T)系统的两种主要模式:水冷却型和空气冷却型系统的工作原理和系统模型进行了理论介绍,详细说明了两种系统中热产品在家庭中的应用。并对目前研究情况下两个系统中存在的问题提出了改进方案。与常规建筑相比,光伏光热建筑减少了墙体得热,改善了室内空调负荷状况,提高了建筑节能效果。 相似文献
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The negative environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels have forced the energy research community seriously to consider renewable sources, such as naturally available solar energy. This paper provides an overview of solar thermoelectric (TE) cooling systems. Thus, this review presents the details referring to TE cooling parameters and formulations of the performance indicators and focuses on the development of TE cooling systems in recent decade with particular attention on advances in materials and modeling and design approaches. Additionally, the TE cooling applications have been also reviewed in aspects of electronic cooling, domestic refrigeration, air conditioning, and power generation. Finally, the possibility of solar TE cooling technologies application in “nearly zero” energy buildings is briefly discussed, and some future research directions are included. This research shows that TE cooling systems have advantages over conventional cooling devices, including compact in size, light in weight, high reliability, no mechanical moving parts, no working fluid, being powered by direct current, and easily switching between cooling and heating modes. 相似文献