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To make better use of solar energy, lauric acid/expanded graphite (LA/EG) composite phase change materials (PCMs) were synthesized to collect and store solar energy as latent heat thermal energy. The results of thermal characteristics show that when the mass fraction of EG is 5%, 10%, and 15%, the latent heat of LA/EG is 164.5, 156.9, and 148.0 J/g, and the thermal conductivity is 2.73, 7.98, and 10.54 W/(m·K). Leakage test shows that LA/EG PCMs with EG mass fraction of 10% and 15% are form stable after phase change. One thousand thermal cycles prove good thermal reliability of LA/EG. TG analysis indicates LA/EG PCMs have good thermal stability within operating temperature range. The Ultraviolet-visible spectra reveal that the absorbance of LA/EG composite PCMs would increase as the mass fraction of EG increases. Photothermal conversion experiment results indicate that the photothermal conversion efficiency of LA/EG composite PCMs increases as the mass fraction of EG increases, and the efficiency can reach 95% when the mass fraction of EG is 15%. Moreover, it was also found that the process of photothermal conversion can be accelerated with stronger illumination intensity or smaller heat transfer size. All the results show that the prepared LA/EG PCMs can convert solar energy into thermal energy and store it in the form of latent heat at the same time, which indicates it has promising prospect in the application of solar energy conversion and storage. 相似文献
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相变蓄热技术由于蓄热密度大,温度恒定,在国内外得到广泛的研究与应用,尤其在能源供给不连续的情况下,应用的尤其广泛.相变储热系统作为解决能源供应时间与空间矛盾的有效手段,是提高能源利用率的重要途径之一.本文从相变材料的选取,相变过程数值模拟,相变蓄热装置3个方面对中低温相变蓄热的研究进行了综述.首先介绍了中低温相变材料的种类及其循环稳定性,导热能力强化,其次总结了适用于中低温相变蓄热的数值模拟方法和理论,然后介绍了不同的相变储热器,最后指出了中低温相变蓄热的研究目标和方向. 相似文献
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为冷却光伏组件,用定型相变材料填充管板式PV/T集热器,并以无集热器组件和保温材料填充的集热器为参照组,进行了工质(水)温升及对组件冷却效果的试验。试验结果表明:采用相变材料填充的相变蓄热式集热器能明显降低组件温度,并提高了热能利用率,其冷却效果和工质温升均优于保温材料填充式集热器;在流量为30 L/h的开式水冷条件下,相变材料填充式集热器工质(水)的平均温升为5.6℃,平均获得热能702k J/h,组件温度平均降低了6.8℃,理论光电转换效率提高了3.4%;使用相变蓄热式集热器的组件温度变化约滞后于太阳辐射变化2 h,最低效率时刻避开了辐射值最大时刻,全天效率得到提高。 相似文献
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The solar thermal central receiver technology, known as solar power towers, is rapidly evolving to a state of near-term energy availability for electrical power generation and industrial process heat applications. The systems consist of field arrays of heliostat reflectors, a central receiver boiler, short term thermal storage devices, and either turbine-generators or heat exchangers. Fluid temperatures up to 550°C are currently achievable, and technology developments are underway to reach 1100°C. Six solar power towers are now under construction or in test operation in five countries around the world. 相似文献
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Daniel Sebastia-Saez Tomas Ramirez Reina Ravi Silva Harvey Arellano-Garcia 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(3):2306-2315
This work reports the synthesis and characterisation of a core-shell n-octacosane@silica nanoencapsulated phase-change material obtained via interfacial hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in miniemulsion. Silica has been used as the encapsulating material because of its thermal advantages relative to synthesised polymers. The material presents excellent heat storage potential, with a measured melting latent heat varying between 57.1 and 89.0 kJ kg−1 (melting point between 58.2 ° C and 59.9 ° C) and a small particle size (between 565 and 227 nm). Degradation of the n-octacosane core starts between 150°C and 180°C. Also, the use of silica as shell material gives way to a heat conductivity of 0.796 W m−1 K−1 (greater than that of nanoencapsulated materials with polymeric shell). Charge/discharge cycles have been successfully simulated at low pressure to prove the suitability of the nanopowder as phase-change material. Further research will be carried out in the future regarding the use of the synthesised material in thermal applications involving nanofluids. 相似文献
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实验研究了由正十四烷和尿素甲醛树脂制成的相变微胶囊和水混合制成的潜热型功能流体在流过恒热流圆管进行对流换热时的流动阻力特性,获得了压降随流速的变化关系、摩擦阻力系数和表观黏度随R e的变化关系。并在同样条件下用单相水进行了对比实验。相变微胶囊的加入导致流体流动阻力较单相流体有显著增大。管路中扰动件导致单相流体的流动阻力特性在低R e条件下呈湍流特征;功能流体则呈不同规律,扰动仅导致流动阻力进一步增大,而流动阻力特性仍呈层流特征。 相似文献
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Latent heat storage (LHS) using phase change materials is quite attractive for utilization of the exergy of solar energy and industrial exhaust heat because of its high‐heat storage capacity, heat storage and supply at constant temperature, and repeatable utilization without degradation. In this article, general LHS technology is outlined, and then recent advances in the uses of LHS for high‐temperature applications (over 100 °C) are discussed, with respect to each type of phase change material (e.g., sugar alcohol, molten salt, and alloy). The prospects of future LHS systems are discussed from a principle of exergy recuperation. In addition, the technologies to minimize exergy loss in the future LHS system are discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic analysis by ‘thermodynamic compass’. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in industry and buildings. Latent heat storage is one of the most efficient ways of storing thermal energy. Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can generate electricity, provide hot water, heat and cool a house, and provide lighting for buildings. Paraffin waxes are cheap and have moderate thermal energy storage density but low thermal conductivity and, hence, require a large surface area. Hydrated salts have a larger energy storage density and a higher thermal conductivity. In response to increasing electrical energy costs and the desire for better lad management, thermal storage technology has recently been developed. The storage of thermal energy in the form of sensible and latent heat has become an important aspect of energy management with the emphasis on the efficient use and conservation of the waste heat and solar energy in the industry and buildings. Thermal storage has been characterized as a kind of thermal battery. 相似文献
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Mohamed Hany Abokersh Mohamed Osman Omnia El‐Baz Mohamed El‐Morsi Osama Sharaf 《国际能源研究杂志》2018,42(2):329-357
The shortage in energy resources combined with the climb in greenhouse emissions is the main incentive beyond the deployment of solar energy resource in various applications. One of the most successful applications is the utilization of solar energy in the domestic water heating systems (DWHS) because 70% of the consumed energy in the residential segment is utilized for space heating and appliances in cold climates 1 . However, the full deployment of solar energy in domestic water heating is only possible when an energy storage system with acceptable price is available. Recently a new tendency for deploying phase change materials (PCMs) as an energy storage system is introduced in several solar DWHS. These systems are known as integrated PCM in solar DWHS and offer several advantages including high storage capacity, low storage volume, and isothermal operation during the charging and discharging phases. The present study reviews various techniques utilized for integrating the PCM in solar water heating systems and the utilized methods for enhancing the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM through the usage of extended surfaces and high conductive additives. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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为克服太阳能间断性和不稳定性的缺点进而实现太阳能集热与采暖的能量供需调节和全天候连续供热,提出了基于相变储热的太阳能多模式采暖方法(太阳能集热直接采暖、太阳能集热采暖+相变储热、太阳能相变储热采暖),并在西藏林芝市某建筑搭建了太阳能与相变储热相结合的采暖系统,该系统可根据太阳能集热温度和外界供热需求实现太阳能多模式采暖的自动控制和自动运行。实验研究表明:在西藏地区采用真空管太阳能集热器可以和中低温相变储热器很好地结合,白天储热器在储热过程中平均储热功率为10.63 kW,储热量达到92.67 kW·h,相变平台明显;晚上储热器在放热过程中供热量达85.23 kW·h,放热功率和放热温度平稳,储放热效率达92%,其储热密度是传统水箱的3.6倍,可连续供热时间长达10 h,从而实现了基于相变储热的太阳能全天候连续供热,相关研究结果对我国西藏地区实施太阳能采暖具有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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相变微胶囊功能流体所具有的相变区间是影响其强化传热效应和工程应用价值的主要因素。采用双流体数学模型通过数值模拟发现:在层流条件下,双流体模型能够很好地模拟颗粒相体积分数、管径和R e对相变区间的影响。功能流体的相变段长度和总吸热量都随着这三个因素的增大而显著增大。同时相变段长度还取决于入口温度和边界条件等因素。以直链烷烃为相变材料的功能流体在相变段的蓄热能力相近。但在同R e下,功能流体的相变段长度和总吸热量都随着囊芯材料相变温度的升高而减小。入口温度是影响相变材料熔化速度的重要因素。相变段的长度、总温升和总吸热量与流体入口过冷度都呈线性关系。在第一类边界条件下,相变段长度与壁面过热度呈指数为负的幂指数关系,而相变段总温升和总吸热量都随壁面过热度的增大而增大。 相似文献
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压缩空气储能是解决可再生能源大规模并网不稳定的有效途径之一,是目前大规模储能技术研发的重点.将系统压缩热进行储存和利用是提高其效率和经济效益的重要手段.本文介绍了压缩空气储能技术的发展历程和基本原理,进一步分析了显热蓄热、潜热蓄热和热化学蓄热3种蓄热方式的技术现状,发现采用潜热蓄热是提升先进绝热压缩空气储能系统综合性能最有潜力的方式.从蓄热子系统热能利用方面出发,总结归纳先进绝热压缩空气储能系统耦合其他能源系统的研究进展,发现先进绝热压缩空气储能系统耦合冷热电联产、煤电机组和太阳能集热系统能进一步改善整体能量梯级利用率、效率性能和经济效益.最后,总结和展望了压缩空气储能系统热能储存与利用的研究方向. 相似文献
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高温相变蓄热器是空间太阳能热动力发电系统的关键部件之一,相变材料(PCM)蓄热是其中的关键技术。对以LiF-CaF2为PCM和以干空气为工质的蓄热系统进行了地面实验,并分别建立了相应条件下填充纯PCM和泡沫复合相变材料(FCPCM)的蓄热单元管数学模型。经过数值计算得到结果表明,纯PCM蓄热单元管计算值与实验数据吻合得很好,表明了计算模型的有效性;此外,对填充纯PCM和FCPCM的蓄热单元管的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,泡沫的填充强化了PCM的导热性能,提高了蓄热系统的热性能。 相似文献
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相变材料微胶囊的国内外研究现状 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
相变材料微胶囊作为一种复合材料,解决了固液相变材料相变时体积变化以及泄漏问题;提供了大的传热面积改善了传热;还可防止相变材料的性质改变。相变材料微胶囊已经广泛应用于纺织品、传热流体、建筑物、军事、农业等领域。作为近年来研究热点,详细介绍了这种新型的复合材料特点、制备方法及目前研究现状。 相似文献
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太阳池水合盐相变贮热的探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
太阳池水合盐相变贮热能形成梯度层,既显热贮热又相变贮热,具有跨季大容量单一体系热贮存的特点,全年热循环仅3-5次。可以采用溶解盐粒子等办法使相变材料贮热能力再生,讨论了几种水合盐的相律和溶解度,为选择适用于太阳池的相变材料提供参考。 相似文献
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基于列管式换热器具有传热面积大、结构紧凑、操作弹性大等优点,使其在相变储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文建立一种新型列管式相变蓄热器模型,在不考虑自然对流的情况下,利用Fluent软件对相变蓄热器进行二维储热过程的数值模拟。本文主要研究斯蒂芬数、雷诺数、列管排列方式、肋片数以及相变材料的导热系数对熔化过程的影响,并对熔化过程中固液分界面的移动规律进行了分析。模拟结果表明,内肋片强化换热效果明显,特别是对应用低导热系数相变材料[导热系数小于1 W/(m·K)]的列管式蓄热器,相对于无肋片结构,加入肋片(Nfn=2)可缩短熔化时间52.6%。 相似文献
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The efficient implementation of solar systems in buildings depends on the storage of energy yielded, as it can both increase the solar system's autonomy and make it a feasible solution for zero energy buildings, and make storage vessels more compact, reducing precious space requirements. This is of particular important in places with reduced time of sunshine, where solar systems are less effective, because of the deviation between solar radiation and the demand. The traditional storage options use water, which is practical, safe and low‐cost, especially when the storage requirements are small. However, when larger storage is needed, limits concerning the use of water exist, mainly due to the need for larger installation space and the increased thermal losses. The use of phase change materials (PCM) for thermal energy storage seems an upcoming technology. The main idea is the substitution of water with PCM, which feature larger specific energy storage capacity compared to other conventional materials. In the context of the specific paper, a combined solar thermal system used for the preparation of domestic hot water (DHW) and space heating (Solar Combi System) with two different types of storage is studied, for two Greek cities. The aim is to find out which is the most efficient way of storing energy with respect to the autonomy of the system, for a solar combi system. This is being achieved by determining the comparative autonomy of PCM and water storage system for various climates. It was proven that using PCM is advantageous, as it can extend the autonomy duration of the solar system for 2 to 8 hours, depending on the season and the climatic conditions. However, it was also seen that in solar combi systems used throughout the whole year, PCM are inefficient during summer period. 相似文献