Plastic Waste Utilization via Chemical Recycling: Approaches,Limitations, and the Challenges Ahead

Chemical recycling offers the opportunity to foster the transition towards a circular economy for plastics as a complementary strategy for mechanical recycling. For the implementation of chemical recycling technologies, there are still significant challenges ahead that – besides the definition of binding legal frameworks – need for intensified research: knowledge-based methods for both the identification of suitable process technologies considering decentralized waste conditions and the design of conversion steps and downstream processing are strongly needed for process development and process evaluation.     

Chemical Recycling of Mixed Plastic Wastes by Pyrolysis – Pilot Scale Investigations

Chemical recycling of plastic wastes can be a useful complement to mechanical recycling to achieve the required plastics recycling rates and to establish a circular economy that is climate neutral and resource-efficient. Different mixed plastic wastes that are subject to future recycling efforts are studied under uniform conditions of intermediate pyrolysis characterized by a medium heating rate and pyrolysis temperature. Product distributions and selected product properties are determined, and process mass and energy balances are derived. Product yields and compositions are highly dependent on the waste pyrolyzed. The results show that pyrolysis is a suitable process to recover chemical feedstock from various complex mixed plastic wastes.     

Information technology support in the chemical process design life cycle

Information technology has been becoming increasingly important in all areas of engineering during the last few years. Much of the progress achieved in chemical engineering would not have been possible without the enabling methods and tools provided by information technology. This trend will continue in the future but most likely with a considerably wider scope. While individual software tools and services have been in focus until recently, their integration into engineering work processes is an emerging and challenging area of research and development. This contribution attempts to highlight state of the art and future trends in supporting the activities during the life cycle of a chemical process by means of information technology. Emphasis will be largely on the process and plant design process rather than on procurement, manufacturing, and distribution of materials in the supply chain.     

过程层析成像技术的发展及应用

阐述过程层析成像技术的研究背景及研究意义,就国内外研究动态及该技术的发展做了详细的论述。介绍和分析了不同的过程层析成像技术,并得出超声波流动层析成像系统和电容流动层析成像系统将是未来流动成像技术发展的两大主流,多机理、多模态层析成像技术将是过程层析成像技术的发展趋势。     

计算机在化工中的应用与进展

计算机应用正日益渗透到化学工程的各个方面,将极大地促使化学工程的变革和发展。主要介绍计算机在化工设计、化工生产和科研、化工教学等重要领域的应用价值和应用内容,讨论计算机在上述领域的研究进展新动向并对其发展方向做出展望。     

提升“一体化”理念 推进循环经济发展

阐述了循环经济的概念、循环经济和生态经济的关系。强调按照循环经济的要求不断丰富和提升上海化学工业区＂一体化＂开发理念的重要性,并提出一些思考和建议。     

Prospective LCA of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Thermo-Chemical Recycling by Pyrolysis

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a particularly difficult waste to manage, characterized by hazardous and valuable chemicals. Emerging chemical recycling technologies are developed to unveil the possibility of sustainable treatment providing valuable resources from WEEE. This study develops a framework for prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) to explore a range of future scenarios in which the technology can be operated with low environmental impact. This is demonstrated in a case study focusing on plastics from WEEE, which are currently predominantly incinerated. The results reveal environmental benefits by WEEE treated via chemical recycling. In terms of climate change impacts, the best-case scenario of chemical recycling shows a reduction potential of 74 % compared to current treatment.     

不对称催化加氢技术的研究及其发展趋势

总结了不对称催化加氢技术中手性催化剂的制备、催化机理以及催化工艺的研究，对未来不对称催化加氢技术的发展趋势提出了一些看法。多样化催化剂库的建立、非均相催化技术及其工程应用研究将是推动加氢技术快速发展的研究重点。     

Chemical health and safety challenges in a new era of enlightenment

Based on the experience of the past 30 years, some trends in chemical health and safety can be expected to continue during the new century. More health and safety information will be collected on specific chemicals; exposure hazard (threshold limit values and permissible exposure limits) and environmental impact databases will be expanded as new research is carried out in these areas. The mission of safety professionals will be to make the job safe for employees, including the elimination of excessive employee exposure to hazardous chemicals. Some ways to accomplish this include increased use of personal protective equipment and more thorough health and safety information on Material Safety Data Sheets. The objective is not to ban use of specific chemicals but to develop procedures to work safely with materials of interest. There will be increasing demands for products and processes involving chemicals and chemical reactions. Where will researchers obtain the necessary health and safety knowledge? Chemical health and safety information must become an integral part of the undergraduate and graduate chemistry curriculum.     

化学强化剂在电动修复技术中的应用研究进展

电动修复技术是一种环保、高效的原位修复技术.简述了电动修复技术的基本原理、特点以及待解决的问题.结合国内外现阶段的研究成果,介绍了各种化学强化剂的研究进展和实际应用,并提出了今后主要研究的方向.     

Recovery of Al,Co, Cu,Fe, Mn,and Ni from Spent LIBs after Li Selective Separation by the COOL-Process. Part 1: Leaching of Solid Residue from COOL-Process

Lithium recycling from spent LIBs along the COOL-process produces a Li-free metal rich black mass, which still contains the entire fraction of valuable metal such as Co, Ni, and Mn. A recycling process was developed, which allows for mobilizing these metals. The first process stage is the selective leaching of Li via COOL-process. Subsequently, two inorganic (H₂SO₄ and HCl) and two organics acids (citric and gluconic acid) were tested for mobilizing the metals from the solid residue. To optimize this process stage, acid concentration as well as addition of H₂O₂ as a reduction reagent were investigated. The optimal conditions to dissolve valuable metals such as Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni was identified as 2 N H₂SO₄ and 2 vol % H₂O₂.     

环境中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物的研究进展

文章综述了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚及其降解产物在环境中的分布、对环境的影响及其降解研究的现状。降解壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法主要有物化吸附、化学氧化、光降解和生物降解等。文章从生物降解机理、菌群间的相互作用和降解工艺等3个方面对生物降解进行了详细的论述,并对未来研究趋势进行了分析,为进一步研究打下基础。     

Determining the Bio-Based Carbon Content of Surfactants

In response to a mandate from the European Commission, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) called on the technical committee CEN/TC 276 to develop a European standard (EN 17035) to define bio-based surfactants and enable quantification of the bio-based carbon content of surfactants based on radiocarbon analyses. This analytical approach was tested through directly contracted analyses and through a round robin procedure at commercial facilities in Europe. Initial results were unsatisfactory and further investigation identified issues surrounding the degree of homogenization in the samples. In general, the samples were only homogeneous at the gram level while the maximum quantity of material that could be introduced to the analytical process was at the milligram level. Having identified the root cause of the discrepancies between measured and expected results, new samples were sent to six European laboratories. The results were satisfactory indicating linearity and accuracy across the measurement range.     

中国石油和化工行业2011年经济运行情况及2012年展望

综述了2011年中国石油和化工行业经济运行的主要情况,展望了2012年中国石油和化工市场的发展趋势。     

Perspectives on Developments in Drying

In this article, the significance, characteristics, and reasons for growing interest in drying are presented. Some remarks on university–industry interactions and energy aspects are given. The trends in drying research and techniques emerging in connection with future opportunities in the area of chemical and process engineering are discussed.     

Perspectives on Developments in Drying

In this article, the significance, characteristics, and reasons for growing interest in drying are presented. Some remarks on university-industry interactions and energy aspects are given. The trends in drying research and techniques emerging in connection with future opportunities in the area of chemical and process engineering are discussed.     

分子模拟与化学工程

从分子水平来研究化工过程及产品的开发和设计是21世纪化学工程的一个重要方向.综述了计算机分子模拟中的MonteCarlo分子模拟和分子动力学模拟两种方法及其在化工中的应用,涉及分子模拟在建立状态方程和研究分子微观结构、相界面、扩散性质等方面的应用进展.指出分子模拟对化学工程的基础研究、工艺过程以及新产品开发将发挥巨大作用.     

煤制乙二醇技术进展

综述了目前乙二醇生产工艺技术的现状和发展动向,指出了石油乙烯路线是目前乙二醇工业生产的主要工艺。同时,着重介绍了中国科学院福建物质结构研究所与企业合作,率先在国内外实现工业化的煤制乙二醇的成套技术。该技术符合我国缺油、少气、煤炭资源相对丰富的资源特点,可利用煤炭资源生产乙二醇,代替目前的石油乙烯路线,将有效缓解我国乙二醇产品供需矛盾,逐步实现我国以煤代油生产乙二醇的战略目标,节省大量石油资源,对国家的能源和化工产业产生重要积极影响,代表了当今煤化工领域的前沿发展方向之一。     

Disassembly 4.0: A Review on Using Robotics in Disassembly Tasks as a Way of Automation

To successfully implement circular economy processes into present value chains, economic feasibility of disassembly processes is essential. Current developments in science and technology, such as artificial intelligence and Internet of Things, foster steep progression in the field of robotics. In this review, the current research on robotics in disassembly is investigated by a systematic literature review. The results were clustered in a framework system distinguishing between applied and basic research on the two main streams of disassembly automation research, namely, predefined processes and adaptable, flexible automation.     

提高化学工业国际竞争力迎接经济全球化的挑战

通过分析化学工业全球化的发展趋势，指出化工企业必须提高其国际竞争力以迎接全球化带来的挑战。为了提高企业竞争力，改进创新能力和管理水平是主要途径。以下3方面应予以重点关注分析竞争环境、使用先进方法和改进信息系统。