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Improved predictions of alarm and safety system performance through process and operator response‐time modeling
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Ian H. Moskowitz Warren D. Seider Jeffrey E. Arbogast Ulku G. Oktem Ankur Pariyani Masoud Soroush 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2016,62(9):3461-3472
Dynamic risk analysis (DRA) has been used widely to analyze the performance of alarm and safety interlock systems of manufacturing processes. Because the most critical alarm and safety interlock systems are rarely activated, little or no data from these systems are often available to apply purely‐statistical DRA methods. Moskowitz et al. (2015)1 introduced a repeated‐simulation, process‐model‐based technique for constructing informed prior distributions, generating low‐variance posterior distributions for Bayesian analysis,1 and making alarm‐performance predictions. This article presents a method of quantifying process model quality, which impacts prior and posterior distributions used in Bayesian Analysis. The method uses higher‐frequency alarm and process data to select the most relevant constitutive equations and assumptions. New data‐based probabilistic models that describe important special‐cause event occurrences and operators’ response‐times are proposed and validated with industrial plant data. These models can be used to improve estimates of failure probabilities for alarm and safety interlock systems. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3461–3472, 2016 相似文献
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定量风险评估是指通过对系统或设备的失效概率和失效后果的严重程度进行量化分析,进而精确描述系统的风险。本文介绍了定量风险评估的概念、核心内容及评估方法,总结了国内外定量风险评估的发展过程及现状,对定量风险评估的科研现状进行了简要概括。结合国内现状,本文提出了国内定量风险评估可开展的方向以供探讨。 相似文献
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Maximum‐likelihood maximum‐entropy constrained probability density function estimation for prediction of rare events
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Taha Mohseni Ahooyi Masoud Soroush Jeffrey E. Arbogast Warren D. Seider Ulku G. Oktem 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2014,60(3):1013-1026
This work addresses the problem of estimating complete probability density functions (PDFs) from historical process data that are incomplete (lack information on rare events), in the framework of Bayesian networks. In particular, this article presents a method of estimating the probabilities of events for which historical process data have no record. The rare‐event prediction problem becomes more difficult and interesting, when an accurate first‐principles model of the process is not available. To address this problem, a novel method of estimating complete multivariate PDFs is proposed. This method uses the maximum entropy and maximum likelihood principles. It is tested on mathematical and process examples, and the application and satisfactory performance of the method in risk assessment and fault detection are shown. Also, the proposed method is compared with a few copula methods and a nonparametric kernel method, in terms of performance, flexibility, interpretability, and rate of convergence. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1013–1026, 2014 相似文献
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基于贝叶斯模型以特定化工生产装置为例,定量分析班组人员操作对化工风险的影响。化工生产安全风险主要来自于设备的老化和人员的误操作。轮班班组的操作能力以及不同班组之间的关联性很可能影响化工过程的可靠性。Gaussian copula可以体现变量之间复杂的非线性关系,因此利用贝叶斯分析结合Gaussian copula可以较好地评估安全系统和轮班班组风险。在此,提出了不同班组操作的时序性和耦合性来体现班组操作的顺序性和班组间的关联性等特征。Gaussian copula函数体现班组与安全控制系统之间以及班组之间的关联性,进而利用贝叶斯模型进行定量风险评估,结果更切合实际。 相似文献
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Mahdieh Askarian Reza Zarghami Farhang Jalali‐Farahani Navid Mostoufi 《加拿大化工杂志》2016,94(12):2315-2325
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本文对某钢厂含几何超标缺陷压力容器进行了抽样、应力分析、强度评定和风险分析。经分析认为 ,被抽5台超标容器的强度基本符合要求 ,但这批15台超标容器中仍有5台难以推断其合格与否。如钢厂投入使用 ,将承担一定风险。 相似文献
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化工企业风险评价主要考虑与项目联在一起的突发性灾难事故,发生这种灾难性事故的概率虽然很小,但影响的程度往往是巨大的。我国自20世纪80年代就开始了对事故风险的研究工作,由于实际评价工作中缺乏基础资料,计算和决策所采用的方法和模型多样化,使得预测后果不确定。故障树分析法是系统可靠性研究中常用的一种重要方法,在化工企业风险评价中得以运用。 相似文献
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压力容器设计阶段进行风险评估是基于失效模式设计理念的具体体现。在当前我国压力容器法规标准进行大规模调整的背景下,参照国内外相关法规标准体系,从压力容器风险评估的内涵着手,阐述了进行压力容器风险评估的必要性,并从相关法规标准体系和失效模式两个角度概述了当前压力容器风险评估的国内外进展情况,进一步梳理了压力容器风险评估的依据、重点和难点。同时遵循简明、完整与宽适应性的原则,编制了符合我国压力容器标准要求的风险评估报告的通用模版,有益于提高压力容器风险评估报告编制的可操作性。此外对压力容器风险评估的发展进行了展望,为今后进行相关研究指明了方向。 相似文献
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Cotton storage fire develops rapidly, and it has high probability of being out of control and causing huge economic loss. In order to carry out a quantitative risk assessment of cotton storage fire accidents, a dynamic risk assessment model of cotton storage fire is established by means of data analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), cases study and expert opinions based on Bayesian network (BN). The model includes three sections (fire causes section, fire discoverer section, fire control section) and one mainline, with 22 nodes, and gives accident risk in the form of economic loss. Risk can be renewed quickly by giving new evidence to model nodes of BN. The application of FCE provides a feasible solution to solve the data deficiency problem in databases, experiment results and experience in model construction. Sensitivity analysis result shows firefighters participation, timely control of fire, firefighting systems and workers are important to put out the fire. A case study shows that the loss of a fire accident happened in an open storage yard is more serious than the loss of a similar fire accident happened in warehouse. This model provides support for cotton storage fire risk management and decision-making in an emergency fire accident. 相似文献
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介绍了国内外化妆品安全事件和风险评估状况,重点介绍了我国化妆品安全风险评估状况,最后提出了化妆品风险评估所面临的挑战。 相似文献
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针对城市埋地钢质燃气管道动态风险评估,分析管道事故的成因和事故特点,确定管道的可变因素与不可变因素,提出动态风险评估目标和流程,提升管道管理企业管道数据和综合管理能力,为管道企业决策提供良好的技术支持。 相似文献
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阐述了含裂纹缺陷压力容器的安全评定方法,对相关失效路径理论进行了分析。以压力容器的穿透裂纹为例,通过理论推导和仿真实验的方法,利用软件实现了失效路径的仿真,并且基于失效路径为含裂纹缺陷压力容器安全裕度的标定提供了新的方法。 相似文献
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在设计阶段全面考虑压力容器的风险控制,进行风险评估是保证压力容器安全的重要环节。分析了压力容器设计现状技术层面的不同情况,并介绍了"设计风险评估论证报告"中关于压力容器可能出现的失效模式、风险评估报告的要求等内容。期待相关标准能紧密配合法规"风险评估"要求贯彻始终,那么对建立基于失效模式设计的安全理念,提高压力容器设计的可靠性,保证压力容器在全寿命(使用年限)期内的本质安全是具有积极意义的。 相似文献
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压力容器概率安全评定失效准则研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文分析了相关行业概率安全评定失效准则和压力容器失铲事故统计结果,分析认为目前压力容评定使用的失效准则主要来源于压力容器失效事故的统计结果。作者从常规的角度探讨了压力容器失效概率问题,最后作者根据压力容器的分类标准推荐了各类压力容器的概率安全评定失效准则。 相似文献
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Hadiseh Rabiei;Asma Zare;Somayeh Ahmadian Taheri;Niloofar Ebrahimi;Ashraf Mazaheri Tehrani;Mahdi Malakoutikhah; 《火与材料》2024,48(5):536-541
Commercial buildings are considered as high-risk units in fire due to the existence of expensive equipment and large presence of people with different ages. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the fire risk of commercial and shopping centers in Kashan using the fire risk assessment method for engineering (FRAME). This cross-sectional study was conducted using FRAME in 15 commercial and shopping centers in Kashan, Iran. The risk assessment data and FRAME checklist were collected by observation and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using Excel and Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The results of 46 checklists showed that the mean score of fire risk R for property was equal to 3.12, for people 3.81 and for activities 1.86. Also, the lowest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Golestan Center with a score of 1.40, Valiasr with a score of 1.25 and Ataee with a score of 1.15, and the highest risk for the property, people and activities belongs to Mir Seyfi Center with a score of 5.80, Shafagh with a score of 9.96 and Sabz was 2.62, respectively. The present study showed the lack of proper ventilation system, lack of emergency exits, and lack of automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system were the factors affecting fire risk. Therefore, in order to prevent disasters and uncontrollable critical conditions, it is necessary to review the equipment of these buildings and to design and implement fire detection and alarm equipment and different ways of fire control in these centers. 相似文献
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Accidental events that have occurred in chemical and nuclear plants show that the application of technical regulations on its own, even when extremely detailed, does not assure that adequate safety levels are reached and, above all, maintained in time. The paper illustrates, with a simple example, how a risk analysis can be considered as an essential tool for a correct plant design, above all when dealing with major risk installations. In particular the use of the Recursive Operability Analysis is shown, in the phase of accident identification, since it allows to directly draw the logic trees, both Fault and Event Trees for the quantification phase, thus assuring the congruence of the whole analysis. 相似文献
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李雪静;崔哲;刘彬;李传坤;田文德 《化工进展》2025,44(2):717-727
安全评价是化工过程正常运行的前提;传统的定量风险评估方法虽然可以减少事故发生的频率;但严重依赖专家的经验;难以评估动态化学条件引起的潜在事故风险。针对这一问题;本文提出了一种基于动态模拟的智能定量风险评估方法(DQRA-BiLSTM)。首先;用流程模拟软件对所研究的过程进行模拟;得到异常条件下的动态数据集。然后;利用双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)深度学习变量之间的潜在关系;表征对事故危害严重程度有直接影响的预测变量之间复杂的机制关系;提出了可靠的控制方案;保证了工艺的安全运行。将该方法应用于乙烯分离流程中的碳二加氢和脱乙烷系统。实验结果表明;该模型对乙烯分离流程的动态风险评估具有良好的性能;具有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献