P-type non-isolated boost DC-DC converter with high voltage gain and extensibility for DC microgrid applications

In this paper, the concept of converter design, using the least number of elements and achieving high voltage gain at the low duty cycle, is proposed for the microgrids. One of the important issues in the microgrids is boosting the low voltage output of sources to the utility voltage level. Therefore, the step-up DC-DC converters are widely used in these systems to attain the utility voltage. The benchmarking of the converters mainly in terms of the voltage gain, efficiency, the number of active and passive components, stresses on semiconductors, and simplicity is considered. In this paper, a new extendable non-isolated boost DC-DC converter is presented. Comparing the conventional boost converter, the basic structure of the proposed converter has a high voltage gain and reduced stress on the switch. To increase the voltage gain, the basic structure of the proposed converter can be easily extended. The modulation technique employed is high-frequency pulse-width modulation (PWM). The detailed analysis of the proposed converter in continuous current mode (CCM) and discontinuous current mode (DCM) is presented. The relations between currents and voltages and the voltage gain in CCM and DCM are obtained. Experimental results are carried out to verify theoretical concepts by using the hardware prototype.     

一种新型高电压增益DC-DC变换器研究

随着分布式发电的出现,可再生能源与电池组的结合以及负荷对其的严重依赖,对高效电力电子变换器的需求日益增加。提出一种降低电压应力的高增益DC-DC变换器的新颖结构。该结构是传统Boost变换器两级叠加的结果。当占空比较低时,因为增益与占空比的二次关系,所提供的电压增益很高。此外,该变换器的输入电流连续,所提供的负载接地。详细介绍了所提变换器的拓扑结构和工作模式,分析了电感的等效串联电阻对电压增益的影响。并对已有的高增益变换器和所提新型的高电压增益变换器进行了比较分析。最后通过仿真研究验证了所提拓扑结构的正确性。     

Expandable interleaved high voltage gain boost DC-DC converter with low switching stress

In this paper, an interleaved DC-DC step-up boost converter with high voltage conversion ratio and low voltage stresses on switches and diodes is proposed. The proposed converter has low average current passing through the diodes and switches and low input current ripple as a feature of interleaved converters. The voltage gain of the proposed converter can be increased by adding more diode-capacitor modules; therefore, the proposed converter has expandable structure. In addition, by implementing more diode-capacitor modules, the switching stresses would be more decreased. Also, to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter, it is compared with other similar presented circuits in the literature. The proposed converter is not only able to provide higher voltage gain but also has lower voltage stresses on switches and diodes. Consequently, switches and diodes with low voltage ratings can be selected. Theoretical analysis is provided in this study for each operation mode and the average current through the switches, diodes and inductors, voltage stresses on switches and diodes, voltage gain, and input current ripple are calculated. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, a 450-W prototype is implemented practically.     

Efficient bridgeless PFC converter with reduced voltage stress

An efficient bridgeless power factor correction converter with reduced voltage stress is proposed. In the proposed converter, the input full‐bridge rectifier is removed to reduce the conduction loss of rectification, and the voltage stress of switching devices is significantly reduced by utilizing the additional circuit composed of a capacitor and a diode. Therefore, low‐voltage‐rating diodes with less forward voltage drop and low‐voltage‐rating Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor Field‐Effect Transistor (MOSFET) with low R_DS(on) is utilized. The proposed converter is based on the single‐ended primary‐inductor converter power factor correction operation in discontinuous conduction mode to achieve a high power factor with a simple control circuit. Consequently, the proposed converter can provide a high power factor and a high power efficiency, and it is also suitable for low‐cost converter for high input/output voltage system. The operational principles, steady‐state analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in detail. Experimental results are verified for a 130 W prototype at a constant switching frequency 100 kHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高电压增益混合型DC-DC变换器研究

随着分布式发电的出现,对高增益DC-DC变换器的要求越来越高。为了获得更高的电压增益,提出一种光伏发电用混合型高电压增益非隔离单开关DC-DC变换器。该变换器将传统的Boost和Cuk变换器并联,详细讨论了其拓扑结构、工作原理以及电路参数设计,实现了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真研究和基于单片机的150 W实验样机。仿真研究和实验结果与理论分析吻合较好,验证了理论分析的正确性以及混合型DC-DC变换器拓扑结构的有效性。所提混合型拓扑使用元件数较少的单一功率开关,并能提供比非隔离式传统变换器更高的电压增益。该拓扑在单功率开关作用下可提供连续电流的工作模式,而且降低了功率开关和二极管的电压应力。     

一种新型高增益双输入DC-DC变换器

针对新型分布式光伏发电系统输入源模块多、输出电压低的缺点,提出一种新型高增益双输入直流变换器。在双输入交错并联Boost变换器的后级增加了三个电容和三个二极管,构成了电容串并联结构。电容的有效充放电使变换器具有高电压增益和低开关器件电压应力的特点。此外,变换器还具有电路结构对称、控制简单、灵活实现各输入源功率分配等优点。首先,本文详细分析了变换器的工作原理和电路稳态特性,给出了电感和电容的参数设计过程。最后制作了一台400 W实验样机,实验结果验证了电路的有效性。     

Single switch quadratic boost converter with continuous input current for high voltage applications

In this paper, a novel non-isolated very high step-up DC-DC converter is presented. The introduced converter benefits from various advantages, namely, very high voltage gain, low voltage stress on the active switch, and continuous input current with low ripple. Therefore, the presented converter is suitable for renewable energy applications. In addition, the energy of the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor is successfully recovered, and the voltage spike of the active switch is clamped during the turn-off process. Hence, a switch with low can be used, which decreases the conduction losses as well as cost of the converter. Furthermore, the voltage stress of the output diode is decreased, which reduces the reverse recovery problem. The steady-state analysis and design considerations of the proposed converter are discussed. Finally, the theoretical analysis is validated with the experimental results at an output power of 150 W.     

ZVS DC/DC converter with series half‐bridge legs for high voltage application

This paper presents a new DC/DC converter with series half‐bridge legs for high voltage application. Two half‐bridge legs connected in series and two split capacitors are used in the proposed circuit to limit the voltage stress of each active switch at one‐half of input voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high DC bus application. In the proposed converter, two circuit modules are operated with an interleaved pulse‐width modulation scheme to reduce the input and output ripple currents and to achieve load current sharing. In each circuit module, two resonant tanks are operated with phase‐shift one‐half of switching cycle such that the frequency of the input current is twice the frequency of the resonant inductor current. Based on the resonant behavior, all MOSFETs are turned on at zero voltage switching with the wide ranges of input voltage and load conditions. The rectifier diodes can be turned off at zero current switching if the switching frequency is less than the series resonant frequency. Thus, the switching losses on power semiconductors are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Zeta-based switched-capacitor DC-DC converter topology

This article proposes a new Zeta-based switched-capacitor (SC) dc-dc converter, which has many advantages such as increased voltage gain, decreased duty-cycle, lower voltage stress on components such as its capacitors and input switch, and increased output power over traditional dc-dc converter structures. In traditional converters such as Zeta converter, there is only one coupling capacitor, which works as a medium for transferring the power between input and the output. However, in the proposed Zeta-based converter, there are multiple coupling capacitors, which are used based on dc-dc SC converter principles. By using these switched coupling capacitors, the mentioned advantages are obtained for the proposed structure, which in turn make this converter more applicable for industrial applications. The analysis has been validated by comprehensive and precise comparisons and experimental results.     

A new interleaved bidirectional dc/dc converter with zero voltage switching and high voltage gain: analyses,design and simulation

In this paper, a new interleaved non‐isolated bidirectional dc–dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching and high voltage gain is proposed. In the proposed converter by using two coupled inductors and one capacitor, the voltage gain is extended. Moreover, by using only an auxiliary circuit that includes an inductor and two capacitors, the zero voltage switching (ZVS) of two used switches in the first phase of converter can be achieved. The ZVS operation of two used switches in the second phase is always obtained without using any extra auxiliary circuit. This converter similar to other interleaved converters has low input current ripple and low current stress on switches. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed in all operating modes, and also the voltage gain, required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, voltage and current stresses of all switches, and the value of input current ripple in both boost and buck operations are obtained. Finally, the accuracy performance of the proposed converter is verified through simulation results in EMTDC/PSCAD software. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种低开关电压应力ZVT Boost变换器

针对如何更好地提高Boost变换器的电压增益以及提高其变换效率问题,提出一种低开关电压应力ZVT Boost变换器,并对其工作原理、工作过程和性能特点进行了详细分析.由于该变换器中两Boost变换单元采用交错并联技术,所以使得其输入电流纹波减小,频率加倍,有源开关的电压应力为输出电压的一半,并且实现了输出电压的高增益....     

一种双输入高增益DC-DC变换器

针对光伏发电系统输出电压低、供电稳定性差等问题,提出一种非隔离双输入高增益直流升压变换器,该变换器在2个BOOST变换器的基础上引入了开关电容电路,实现了高电压增益,且两输入源可以单独或同时向负载供电。分析该变换器的电路结构和工作原理,推导出了3种供电模式下变换器的电压增益表达式以及主要开关器件电压应力,给出了两路同时供电时输入电流之间的关系。最后,搭建了一台100W的实验样机,实验验证了该变换器具有电压增益高、开关器件电压应力低、控制简单、可以灵活供电等优点。     

Design and implementation of a new high step-up DC-DC converter for renewable applications

In this paper, a new structure for a DC-DC boost converter is proposed. The presented converter provides a high voltage transfer gain with lower duty cycle. Low current and low voltage stress on the switch, enlarged area of operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), reduced size of the inductors, and the input filter are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The high voltage transfer gain with low number of elements has made it suitable to implement. Hence, using only one switch has made the control of the proposed converter easy. Besides, decreased switching losses and higher efficiency are obtained. The proposed structure is a combination of the Luo converter and a booster unit, which its analysis is studied in three modes, CCM, boundary conduction mode (BCM), and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Furthermore, in order to validate the analysis and feasibility of the proposed converter, the experimental results are developed on a low power prototype.     

一种输入低压大电流/输出高电压高频组合式直流变换器

针对飞机航空电源高可靠性和高功率密度的要求,提出并采用了一种输入低压大电流/输出高电压的组合式变换器.该组合式变换器以双管正激变换器为基本构成单元,输入端同时采用电路模块并联和功率开关管并联方式来提高输入导电电流能力,输出端采用电路串联的方式来提高输出电压能力.由于采用交错并联(interleaving)控制技术、以及利用功率MOSFET导通电阻的正温度系数特性,组合式变换器除具有双管正激变换器的内部桥臂抗直通能力强的优点外,还具有所有功率开关管自然均流、输入输出电压增益高、输出端二极管电压应力低、以及输入和输出滤波器体积小重量轻等特点.本文对该组合式变换器拓扑进行了详细的分析和仿真,并应用于某型号航空电源.     

A high‐voltage gain nonisolated noncoupled inductor based multi‐input DC‐DC topology with reduced number of components for renewable energy systems

This paper proposes a modular nonisolated noncoupled inductor‐based high‐voltage gain multi‐input DC‐DC converter. Despite the high‐voltage gain of the proposed topology, the average of normalized voltage stress (NVS) on its switches/diodes is low. This property leads to less loss and cost of switches/diodes. Using the same number of components, the proposed topology produces higher voltage gains, in comparison with recently presented high step‐up topologies. Also, the proposed topology utilizes less number of components (capacitors, inductors, diodes, and switches) for producing a desired voltage gain, which can reduce the size, mass, cost, complexity, and losses and improve the efficiency of converter. Continuous current of input sources is another main advantage of the proposed topology. All the abovementioned characteristics have made the proposed topology very suitable for renewable energy systems (or even hybrid/electric vehicles). Design considerations of the proposed topology have also been presented. For better evaluation, the proposed topology has been compared with some of recently presented high step‐up structures, from viewpoints of producible voltage gain, number of components, and normalized voltage stress (NVS) on switches/diodes. Finally, the prototype of 2‐input version has been experimentally implemented. Obtained experimental results confirm appropriate performance of the proposed topology.     

一种输入电流连续的新型高增益DC-DC升压变换器

高增益DC-DC变换器正越来越多地应用于太阳能光伏或其他可再生能源发电系统。良好的稳态和动态性能以及更高的效率,是为上述应用选取变换器的先决条件。为此,提出一种高增益DC-DC升压变换器。首先,详细阐述了该新型变换器的拓扑结构与工作原理,在此基础上,对其电路参数进行了设计。然后,将所提变换器与最近提出的其他类似变换器在各种性能参数上进行了比较。最后,采用Matlab软件建立了系统仿真模型,并研制了实验样机。仿真和实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。所提变换器只使用一个功率开关,具有连续的输入电流,同时能够降低开关器件间的电压应力。占空比的工作范围更宽,并且在较低的占空比下可以获得较高的电压增益。输入电流连续是DC-DC变换器的一个理想特性,所提变换器非常适合太阳能、光伏应用。     

输入并联输出串联变换器系统的控制策略

将多个直流变换器模块在输入侧并联和输出侧串联,得到输入并联输出串联直流变换器,它可以降低开关管的电流应力和输出整流二极管的电压应力,适用于高输出电压、大功率的场合.为了保证该变换器的可靠工作,必须确保各模块的输出电压均衡.本文从能量守恒的角度出发,揭示了该变换器中各模块的输出均压和输入均流之间的关系,指出可以直接控制各模块的输出电压以使它们均衡,也可以采用输入均流控制来实现输出均压.提出一种新的输出均压的控制方法,它对系统输出电压控制闭环没有影响.同时采用交错控制,可以有效减小输入滤波电容和输出电容.论文最后给出了仿真和实验结果,验证了该方法的有效性.     

非恒定电压输入对带饱和电感移相全桥ZVS-PWM变换器的影响

蓄电池的输出电压在使用过程中是从高到低宽幅变化的,这对以蓄电池作为电源的电流变换器、特别是运用软开关技术的电流变换器产生了很多影响。以带饱和电感的移相全桥零电压开关ZVS-PWM直流变换器为研究对象,在对其7种工作模式进行具体分析的基础上,研究了输入电压幅值变化对其软开关条件实现、变压器副边占空比丢失及其整个直流变换系统变换效率的影响,并进行了仿真实验;对不同输入电压下的仿真实验数据进行对比和分析。结果表明,输入电压升高会严重影响滞后桥臂ZVS的实现,增大环流时间和环流电流;而输入电压下降则会增大占空比丢失,影响输出电压。     

A new non‐isolated free ripple input current bidirectional DC‐DC converter with capability of zero voltage switching

In this paper, a new nonisolated free ripple input current bidirectional dc‐dc converter with capability of zero voltage switching (ZVS) is proposed. The free ripple input current condition at low voltage side is achieved by using third winding of a coupled inductor and a capacitor for the whole range of duty cycles. In the proposed structure, the voltage conversion ratio can be more increased by adding the turn ratio of the second winding of the coupled inductor for the whole range of duty cycles. By adjusting the value of an auxiliary inductor in the topology of the converter, according to the power, the ZVS operation of the implemented 2 switches can be achieved throughout the whole power range. The mentioned features of proposed converter are validated theoretically for both boost and buck operations. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed for all operating modes. Moreover, all equations of the voltages and currents of all components, voltage conversion ratio, the required conditions for ZVS operation of switches, and also required conditions for canceling input current ripple at low voltage side are obtained. Finally, the performance of the proposed converter is reconfirmed through experimental and EMTDC/PSCAD simulation results.     

输入串联输出并联的直流变换器控制策略研究

输入串联输出并联型直流变换器能降低开关管的开关应力,适用于高输入电压、大功率的直流变换场合。为了保证该变换器的可靠工作,必须确保其输入分压电容均压和输出电流均流。文中首先从能量的角度出发,分析了输入串联输出并联型直流变换器的输入均压和输出均流之间的关系,指出输出均流控制不能保证输入均压,而输入均压控制可以确保输出均流;然后提出一种新的输入均压的控制方法,在保证输入均压和输出均流的同时,该方法可以实现输入电压的均压控制与输出电压的调节相解耦,有利于分别独立设计各个输入电容电压和输出电压的闭环控制,同时交错控制下的电流纹波抵消效应使输出滤波电容得到了减小;仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。