纳秒脉冲同轴结构固体绝缘介质尺寸优化分析

同轴电场沿径向分布不均匀,径向电场降落集中在内电极表面附近一定范围内.在内电极直径不变,外电极直径增加的情况下,内外电极距离大于一定阈值后,电场变化在经过一个快速减小的阶段后明显变缓;在仅仅增加内电极直径,固定内外电极距离,相应增加外电极直径的情况下,内电极直径少量增加大于一定阈值后,同轴电场变化类似地经过一个快速衰减阶段后明显趋于缓和.根据同轴电极结构内外电极间隙距离与内电极直径变化影响电场分布的阈值的存在,利用Ansys数值计算结合纳秒脉冲下同轴电场变压器油中有机玻璃和尼龙1010闪络特性的实验结果,提出同轴结构高功率脉冲功率装置绝缘结构优化概念,并且给出依据闪络距离与内电极直径变化闪络电压的经验公式.     

纳秒脉冲下同轴内电极直径改变时闪络特性分析

在纳秒脉冲同轴电场下,尼龙1010和有机玻璃的闪络电压都随着内电极直径非线性增长,趋于饱和,且内电极直径越大,两者的闪络电压越接近.纳秒脉冲下沿面闪络特性与固体-液体-电极三结合点处的场强及沿面电位分布梯度紧密相关,内电极直径越大,三结合点处场强越低且沿面电位分布越均匀,引起沿面闪络电压越高.对于纳秒脉冲下的同轴电极,当内外电极半径差远大于内电极直径时,内电极直径变化对闪络电压的影响被弱化.     

纳秒脉冲电晕放电衰减研究

建立了线－板结构脉冲电晕放电实验模型，研究了沿电晕线的纳秒脉冲电晕放电对其自身波头幅值、波头形状的衰减特性，用高灵敏度紫外光－可见光成像系统摄取了单次纳秒脉冲电晕波电图像并进行了分析。研究表明，纳秒脉冲电晕放电对其自身波头幅值的衰减在电晕线前段的下降具有指数型快速衰减的趋势，且首端所加电压幅值越高，这种衰减越严重。     

Coaxial magnetic pulse compression system to generate fast‐rising pulsed power

A fast‐rising pulsed power generator (PPG) using a coaxial magnetic pulse compression (MPC) system has been developed. Two kinds of magnetic cores, a Co‐based amorphous metal and a nanocrystalline Fe‐based soft magnetic metal, have been used in the coaxial MPC system to evaluate losses of magnetic cores and leakage current of a saturable inductor. The PPG produced a pulsed‐high‐current of 3.7 kA with a risetime of 7 ns (20–80%) at a repetition frequency of 1000 pulses per second. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

纳秒脉冲下有机玻璃电树枝老化特性研究

介绍了有机玻璃(PMMA)在纳秒脉冲作用下电树枝引发和生长的规律现象。采用压紧针电极与绝缘样品接触、多针并列式的方法制备实验试样,绝缘样品(有机玻璃)加工为120mm×5mm×2.5mm的长方条。实验使用产生30ns上升沿和70ns脉冲宽度的负脉冲固态纳秒脉冲发生器MPC50D作为激励源,在25℃的条件下,施加100Hz的重复频率脉冲,设定初始电压,逐级升压,直至引发电树枝后停止升压,记录电树枝引发电压,观察电树枝生长特点及现象。实验发现PMMA中电树枝出现裂隙状破坏,经过分析讨论,认为是力作用导致的结果。实验中还观察到电树枝生长速度极快的现象,从电树枝引发到击穿只需几秒钟。通过研究证明绝缘油浸入导致了电树枝生长加速,深入讨论分析了绝缘油浸入促进电树枝快速发展的原因、机理及抑制方法。     

重频纳秒脉冲下有机玻璃电树枝老化特性的实验研究

介绍了高聚物绝缘材料中电树枝老化的现象、影响因素及研究现状。进行了重频(~300Hz)纳秒脉冲(半高宽70ns)下有机玻璃电树枝老化特性的试验研究。实验施加负电压。主要研究了在不同频率下、不同电场强度条件下有机玻璃中电树枝生长速度和生长形态。实验发现重频脉冲下在有机玻璃上施加电压越高,电树枝增长速度越快;电树枝的初始生长速度随着频率升高而变快;电树发展普遍存在滞胀期;频率高后,丛林状电树产生的概率增加;实验中还发现有的试样高频下针尖附近出现裂纹,然后生长出树枝。     

高压纳秒电磁脉冲衰减器的研制

随着电磁脉冲技术的发展,电磁脉冲前沿越来越快,峰值越来越高。针对这些特点,为了减小高压纳秒电磁脉冲传输、衰减过程中电磁波的反射,在输出端得到理想的电磁脉冲波形,设计了一种高压纳秒电磁脉冲衰减器,采用高频电磁场仿真软件HFSS建模仿真,分析驻波比,优化结构尺寸。根据仿真及优化结果,制作了衰减量为30%和40%的衰减器样机。实验表明样机衰减量误差小,传输性能好,可对上升时间2ns左右,峰值小于40kV的电磁脉冲实现有效衰减。     

高压纳秒脉冲电阻分压器的结构

设计了一种用于测量脉冲高电压的电阻分压器。通过FEKO电磁仿真计算软件计算输出端的电压波形，分析其特性。对典型结构模型的仿真分析表明，分压器两端采用过渡结构，可以减小由于阻抗失配引起的反射，明显改善输出端波形。对直线型、凸型或凹型过渡的对比分析表明，直线型过渡具有优势。实验测试表明，该分压器性能优越，满足高压纳秒双指数脉冲的测量要求，试验波形光滑，未见明显反射。     

快前沿高压脉冲源用纳秒液体开关的研制

设计了一种具有运动触发极的新型三电极纳秒液体开关.开关由位置固定的阳极、阴极和可运动的触发极组成,开关间隙充入无毒、可生物降解、绝缘性能好的精炼菜籽油.开关腔外的触发极控制系统包括电磁铁、无线接收控制电路和遥控器,无线接收控制电路接收遥控器信号控制触发极运动来调节开关相对间隙,实现开关放电.开关设计工作电压为40 kV...     

Influence of molecular structure on propagation of positive streamer discharge in dielectric liquids

In this paper, streamer discharges in dielectric liquids which have various molecular structures, such as a double bond or a triple bond in the molecular formula, are observed in detail for positive point polarity under the application of an impulse voltage to the point electrode. As test liquids, four straight‐chain hydrocarbon liquids—n‐hexane, n‐heptane, n‐octane, and n‐decane—are selected and in addition the influence of a double or triple bond included in their molecular formula on the propagation of positive streamers is investigated in detail by simultaneously using a high‐speed schlieren method and an LED current measurement system. Some differences in the mean propagation velocity and the propagation shape of positive streamers are evident. Their shape is mainly filamentary in test liquids including a double or triple bond. Also, positive streamer propagation is promoted in these liquids. It is thought that this is due to the effect of π bonds which have smaller bond energies than σ bonds. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 149(1): 15–21, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10366     

脉冲等离子体反应器放电特性研究

脉冲放电等离子体被广泛用于气态污染物处理的研究,放电参数直接影响反应器内等离子体状态,进而影响污染物的去除效果,研究不同条件下的放电特性可为脉冲等离子体技术的应用提供参考.本文利用线板式脉冲等离子体反应器, BPFN型高压脉冲电源供电, 研究了电源电容、极板间距及介质阻挡对放电特性的影响.结果表明:增大电源电容可以有效地提高电源能量效率;增大极板间距,峰值电压VP增大,峰值电流IP减小,脉宽减小,波形更加理想;陶瓷板阻挡放电可解决间隙火花放电,使脉冲电晕放电空间分布均匀,在大范围内提高电源能量效率.     

不同电极结构中SF_6/N_2混合气体正向流注电晕放电特性

宏观上假定气体放电过程中产生的正、负离子束和电子束为流体,采用二维流体动力学模型对SF6/N2混合气体正向流注电晕放电过程进行建模,利用通量校正传输法求解连续方程,通过求解耦合的泊松方程处理空间电荷畸变电场对放电的作用,仿真过程中假设带电粒子的输运参数是折算电场的函数,对比分析了平行板电极间隙、同轴电极间隙和棒-板电极间隙三种电极结构中正向流注电晕放电特性。结果表明:流注电晕的形成加强了流注头部与阳极间的场强,减弱了流注尾部与阴极的场强。只有流注头部所在位置的初始场强足够大时放电才能继续发展,否则放电转化为稳定的流注电晕放电。     

Volume fraction measurement of oil-water two-phase flow using a coaxial conductivity sensor

The accurate measurement of volume fraction of oil-water two-phase flow on line is important in the oil field. This paper presents a new coaxial conductivity sensor for measuring the volume fraction of oil-water two-phase flow. This structure may get the more uniform sensitivity field and the vertical installation may get the more axial symmetry of the flow field, which improve the measurement accuracy. In order to minimize the influence of the edge effect, guard electrodes were designed. An anti-edge effect degree Ae was defined to optimize the length of the guard electrode. Different models of effective conductivity of two materials were used in calculating the oil volume fraction of oil-water two-phase flow. The experimental results indicate that Maxwell model is the best model under the condition of oil volume fraction less than 50% and the mean value of the calculation results using Maxwell model and Bruggeman model possesses higher accuracy in the range of oil volume fraction (50%-70%). The experimental results show that the sensor obtains similar measurement performance in both vertical upward and downward flow conditions. The accuracy of the sensor system is 2% when the oil volume fraction less than 50%, and the accuracy is about 5% when the oil volume fraction between 50% and 70%.     

多级超导脉冲变压器的协调放电模式分析

为了探索多级超导电感储能的脉冲功率技术,设计两种基于多级超导脉冲变压器的XRAM结构的脉冲电源模式,并对其协调放电特性进行分析和仿真研究。首先介绍单级的基于超导脉冲变压器和电容器混合储能的脉冲电源电路及其工作原理。然后结合XRAM电路的结构特点,设计两种XRAM结构的脉冲电源模式,分析这两种脉冲电源模式各自的特点,仿真研究其不同的协调放电方式。最后选择负载电流脉冲的幅值、半高宽、矩形面积比和能量传递效率等四个性能为指标,分析两种脉冲电源模式的输出特性。结果表明:多级超导脉冲变压器可以采用XRAM电路结构,在多级同步放电的模式下负载电流脉冲在幅值、半高宽和能量传递效率等性能方面要优于非同步放电模式。     

Change of characteristics of desulfurization and denitrification by combustion flue gas composition and electrode configuration under pulsed corona discharge

Laboratory-scale and parametric experiments of SO₂ and NO_x removal from the simulated combustion gas by pulsed corona discharge have been performed by changing the combustion gas composition and temperature, the electrode configuration of plasma reactor, and the polarity of high-voltage electrode. The following results are obtained: 1) the higher the concentration of H₂O and O₂, the higher the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification at the same specific input; 2) the pulsed corona discharge with a voltage pulsewidth as short as 200 ns of negative polarity shows the possibility to attain almost 90 percent deSO_x and deNO_x efficiency at the specific discharge input of 20 J/g, which is almost the same as the specific input in the electron-beam process; 3) the deNO_x characteristics show a little temperature dependence in the range of 70 to 130°C, but the deSO_x efficiency increases rapidly in the temperature region below 100°C suggesting the thermochemical dependence of deSO_x reaction; 4) when desulfurization and denitrification proceed, the white dendritic powder deposits on the plasma reactor whose composition is identified to be 49 mol% (NH₄)₂SO₄ and 47 mol% of 2NH₄NO₃ · (NH₄)₂SO₄, and the ratio of SO₂, NO and NH₃ of the deposit is almost equal to that of supplied gas.     

钴及其化合物对镍电极放电容量和循环寿命的影响

研究了钴及几种钴化合物对泡沫式镍电极电化学性能的影响。实验表明 ,钴及钴化合物添加剂能明显提高镍电极的放电比容量和 1C循环寿命 ,其中添加金属钴粉能使镍电极在大电流充放电循环中保持较好的容量稳定性。添加乙酸钴镍电极 1C循环容量最高并具有好的循环稳定性。钴添加剂的作用主要是因为镍电极在充电活化时不可逆地形成导电性能良好的CoOOH ,增加了镍电极的导电性     

液体介质击穿机理研究进展

在参阅大量文献的基础上,给出当前液体介质击穿理论的最新进展及成果:电子理论、气泡理论、小桥理论,并且比较分析不同理论的优缺点,指出纳秒脉冲液体击穿机理研究的独特性,供该领域的研究者借鉴。     

电极覆盖短间隙大气压下N2放电动力学特性

为降低混合SF6/N2气体绝缘中SF6的含量,及对绝缘中空气气隙进行局部放电在线监测,以其主要成分氮气作为研究对象,建立一维自洽流体力学的气体放电模型,其中包括电子和离子的连续性方程和动量方程,且耦合了泊松方程,研究了短间隙氮气放电过程及其动力学特性.通过求解气隙放电的非线性方程组,得到了不同电压下氮气气隙放电的时间演...     

Pulse switching characteristics of MAGTs for pulsed power applications

For pulsed power systems such as lasers and accelerators, semiconductor switches with their longer service life have actively been developed as replacements for thyratrons. The MOS-driven thyristors are suitable for pulsed power applications because they have high-power handling and fast turn-on capabilities. The MOS-assisted gate-triggered thyristor (MAGT), designed especially for pulsed power, is a promising candidate in this field. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the performance of MAGTs. Using a pulse-forming network (PEN), the pulse-switching characteristics and the dynamic resistance characteristics during the current flow are investigated. A maximum current density of 21.8 kA/cm² and di/dt of 106 kA/μs/cm² with 1550-V anode voltage on a single-shot basis were obtained. Furthermore, a life test with 10⁹ shots at a high repetition rate showed no degradation in the observed characteristics. Based on these experimental results, a carrier flow model of MAGT during turn-on process is proposed and the turn-on mechanism is considered.     

沿面型介质阻挡放电的电气特性

沿面型介质阻挡放电在气流控制等方面具有十分广阔的应用前景。本文对其放电机理进行了分析,指出放电过程中在介质板表面积聚的电荷处会形成一虚拟电极,与放电空间其他电荷共同作用,对放电过程产生影响。基于此,建立放电的等效模型,推导了放电功率的计算公式,并与Lis-sajous图形计算的放电功率比较,具有较好的吻合。讨论了外加电压、频率对放电特性的影响:外加频率相同时,随着外加电压的增加,每半周期内传输的放电电荷不断增大,且其变化趋势与功率增长趋势基本一致,呈非线性增加,同时放电面积增大,功率增加;外加电压一定时,放电功率与频率成正比。