Thermal evaluation of the use of porous ceramic plates on ventilated façades—part II: Thermal behavior

The effects of porous ceramic plates on the thermal behavior of ventilated façades were evaluated, and the results are presented herein. Thermal behavior in a ventilated façade of specimens containing 40 wt% of lime mud and a firing temperature of 1100°C was evaluated and compared with a commercial porcelain ceramic tile, which was the reference material. An experimental apparatus was designed to evaluate the thermal performance of the studied ventilated façades. The results revealed that the ventilated façade composed of the studied porous ceramic tiles produced a greater reduction in temperature between the external environmental and the interior of a box representing a building (ΔT5) of 65.7°C, compared with the façade composed of the commercial porcelain ceramic tiles (ΔT5 = 56.0°C) and even the traditional façade (ΔT5 = 49.1°C). Thus, porous ceramic tiles based on byproducts are promising candidates for ventilated façade systems.     

Thermal evaluation of the use of porous ceramic plates on ventilated façades – Part I: Effect of composition and firing temperature on porosity and bending strength

The effect of composition and firing temperature on porosity and bending strength of porous ceramic plates for using in ventilated façades were investigated. Two byproducts, basalt and lime mud, were used to obtain porous ceramic plates in accordance with the circular economy concept. Basalt, which is a fine powder-based byproduct generated from the processing of basaltic rock, was used to replace feldspar as the flux mineral in a ceramic composition. Lime mud, a byproduct of the pulp and paper mill process and containing a high content of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), was incorporated in the ceramic composition to generate pores. The specimens were prepared using three different amounts of lime mud (20, 30, and 40 wt%) and three firing temperatures (900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C), and their porosity and bending strength were determined. The highest performing specimen (5.1 ± 1.3 MPa bending strength and 42.6 ± 0.5% porosity) was obtained by using 40 wt% of lime mud and a firing temperature of 1100°C with potential for further thermal tests in a ventilated façade in comparison with a commercial porcelain ceramic tile as reference material.     

Preparation of façade panels based on alkali-activated waste mineral wool,their characterization,and durability aspects

Mineral wool is a widely used insulation material and one of the largest components of construction and demolition waste, yet it mainly ends up in landfills. In this work, we explored the potential recycling of waste stone wool in the pilot production of alkali-activated façade panels. The current work shows mechanical properties, SEM-EDS, and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses for three different mix designs used for the preparation of façade panels. They are all composed of waste stone wool and differ in the amount of co-binders (local slag, lime, metakaolin, and/or fly ash) selected by the preliminary studies. In this study, co-binders were added to increase early strength and improve the mechanical properties and freeze–thaw resistance. The mechanical properties of each were measured up to 256 days, different durability tests were executed, and, by evaluating the mechanical properties, microstructure, and workability of the mortar, the most suitable mix was selected to be used for the pilot production. In addition, the leaching test of the selected mixture showed no exceeded toxic trace elements and therefore got classified as non-hazardous waste after its use.     

Regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in tissue phospholipids of obese (fa/fa) and lean (fa/−) Zucker rats. 1. Effect of dietary lipids on cardiac tissue

The present investigation addressed three questions: (i) Does the obese syndrome alter the fatty acid composition of cardiac tissue and membrane phospholipids in obese (fa/fa) rats? (ii) Are changes, if they occur, similar to those reported for tissues of the genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse? (iii) Can cardiac tissue phospholipids and their component fatty acids be modified by dietary lipids and if so does this occur to the same extent in both fa/fa and lean (Fa/?) rats? Proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in cardiac total phospholipids of fa/fa rats differed significantly from those of Fa/? rats and from those reported for ob/ob mice. Increased 18∶2n?6 and decreased 20∶4n?6 and 22∶6n?3 in fa/fa rats indicated impaired PUFA metabolism, possibly reduced Δ6 and/or Δ5 desaturase activity, compared with Fa/? rats. No differences in hepatic Δ6 and Δ5 desaturase activity between fa/fa and Fa/? were found but enhanced activity of Δ9 desaturase activity in fa/fa as compared to Fa/? was evident. Inclusion of sunflower oil (SO) or triolein (TO) at 5% and 20% by weight in the diet elicited marked changes in the fatty acyl composition of cardiac phospholipids in both fa/fa and Fa/? rats when compared with animals fed the control Oxoid diet alone. Supplementation with triolein was most effective, reducing 18∶2n?6 and increasing 20∶4n?6 proportions in fa/fa rats so that they resembled those in Fa/? rats fed the control Oxoid diet. The type of fat rather than the amount of its dietary intake appears to be the main determinant of the observed changes in phospholipid composition. Pair feeding hyperphagic fa/fa rats to the lower intakes of Fa/? rats did not abolish the characteristic differences in the proportions of PUFA in cardiac phospholipids between the two phenotypes. The effect of triolein on cardiac phospholipid fatty acid composition in the present studies is intriguing and may be relevant in understanding the beneficial role of dietary olive oil in ameliorating cardiovascular disease in man.     

Dynamics Research on the Gelling Course of Silica Sol

Dreipping electrolytes into silica sol ,gelling reaction will occur,The research indicates:this is a complicated physicemistry course,which consists of a pre-reaction and a polymerizaion,The former controls the whole course,and in which electronic layers of the sol‘s particles be-come more and more thiner,but with incresing of the sol concentration,its control force will be diminished ,till the fast-coagulation ,the gelling couse becomes o-controlled,The latter is an in-finite polymeric chani-reaction.The result of gelatination is to produce a very big plymeric molecule-gel,which involves in all space,includes all water ,and its molecular weight is in-definite big.The researh also indicates:the dy-namic course of the gelling could be described quantitaively by an experience formula:lgt=-nlgc B,All of the characteristic values have definite physical meaning,Electronic value of the contrary-inos is the biggest influential factor ,the natures of the contrary-ions and the natures of the same-electronic-inos have a few influential forces on the characteristic values,The temperature increasing makes the gelling reaction fast.     

Research of antibacterial activity on silver containing yttria-stabilized–zirconia bioceramic

An antibacterial bioceramic, silver containing yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), was fabricated by sintering for dental prosthesis applications. The biocompatibility, hemocompatibility and antibacterial ability of the silver containing YSZ were evaluated. The addition of silver did not cause tetragonal phase to transform into monoclinic phase and the silver containing YSZ maintained an excellent mechanical property. Furthermore, the sintered silver containing YSZ showed no toxicity and possessed a good antibacterial ability against both Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) cell.     

Adsorption of H2S and SO2 on Bigadiç Clinoptilolite

Abstract

H₂S and SO₂ adsorption isotherms of Bigadiç clinoptilolite and its Na?, K?, Ca?, and H?enriched forms were determined in the 0 to 100 kPa range at 25°C by using a constant volume adsorption system. Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) models were applied to the isotherm data. Higher adsorption capacities and a larger increase in the amount adsorbed at higher pressures were observed for SO₂, in agreement with its higher permanent dipole moment, resulting in stronger ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions for this molecule. The Ca-form exhibited a molecular sieving behavior for both gases, originating from the channel blockage caused by the cation locations in the sample. The highest capacities for both gases were obtained with the sample in its H-form, followed by the Na? and K-forms for SO₂, parallel to the decrease in the electronegativity and ionic potential and the increase in the polarizability of the cation. In the case of H₂S, the H-form was followed by the K-form, but the Na-form yielded very low adsorption capacities. Initial dissociative adsorption of H₂S on certain Na sites to yield SH and OH species is thought to contribute to a more effective blocking of the channels, which were already partially blocked in this sample. Of the isotherm models tested, the D-A model explained the variations in the data better than either the Freundlich or D-R models. For the cation-gas combinations with a lower extent of channel blockage though, the Langmuir model was somewhat more representative. Lower E and n values were obtained from the D-A model for H₂S on the Na-form, which may be related to the lower extent of micropore adsorption and to the presence of blocked, almost dead-end shorter channel segments in the sample. Pore volumes close to the theoretical value were estimated from the D-A parameters for SO₂ adsorption.     

Research on High Performance New Refractories

At the age of 86, Prof. Zhong Xiangchong has his new book—＂Research on High Performance New Refractories＂ published by Henan Science and Technology Publishing House to commemorate his 65 years service in the refractories science and technology including the recent 6 years at High Temperature Ceramics Institute which he founded in Zhengzhou University in 2001.     

Property Research on MgO-CaO-ZrO2 Castable

Studio were conducted on how the structure and property of magnesia castable was affected when the magnesia zirconia calcium composite was incorporated.The experimental result indicates that the component CaZrO3 is easily decomposed by reacting with silica fume to form a low melting point material CMS and CaZr4O9 in the silica fume bonded MgO castable, resulting in occurrence of microcracks, which will improve the thermal shock resistance and strength at moderate temperature. In a word, CaZrO3 improves slag infiltration resistance in spite of lowering the slag corrosion resistance, by absorbing and reacting with components in the slag like Al2O3, TiO2 and FeO.     

Sources of color in soybean “lecithin”

The color of soybean lecithin is due to carotenoids, brown pigments, and occasionally porphyrins. In the water-washing of crude oil xanthophylls are preferentially removed with the gums, and carotene is practically absent in lecithin. Lutein is the principal carotenoid, comprising about three-quarters of the carotenoids in lecithin. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching destroys all the color to some extent, but by far the greater effect is on the carotenoids. The brown color is very likely an aldehyde amine reaction product. It is largely formed by heating of the oil during the solvent-stripping operation. It is not increased by drying the gums under vacuum for 3 hours at 80°C. but it is increased on heating at 100° C. under the same conditions. The formation of the brown color is not prevented by removal of free sugars or by hydrogenation of the lecithin.     

Research on Hot Gunning Repairing in Laboratory

The lining of blast furnace may be damaged partly,so that gunning repair is needed.The bonding strength of boundary surface between the repairing layer and remained lining of blast furnace has been studieed by thermal simulation.The factors influencing the onding strength are the ingredient gunning repair temperature,remained lining condition and water content of gunning refractory.The bonding strength decreases with the increases of remained lining temperature.     

Research on the Degradation Kinetics Model in the Drying Process of Chinese Herb

Curative compositions such as catolpol in Rehmannia Glutinosa, flavone in Ophiopogon Japonicus and ginsenoside Re in Panax Ginseng in Chinese herbs were measured as the experimental indices by the method of high performance liquid chromatography under different drying conditions. The reaction order and parameters of the degradation kinetics model were determined and the model was verified by experiments. It was indicated that by comparing with the thin drying method, the prospective model could predict the degradation of curative compositions with drying time, temperature and moisture content of herbal materials with enough precision and could be used to simulate the degradation in the drying process of Chinese herb.     

Research on the Application of Melamine Sulphonate（MS） in Monolithic Refractories

Through research on the application of MS in monolicthic refractiories,the authors found that the absorptive style of MS is Lang-muir constant temperature absorption,the maxmium absorption is 20 mg/g in the mono-lithic refractories with pure calcium aluminte cement as binder,When the additive quantity is between 0.5% to 1.0%,the cold crushing strength of castable refractoies is 100% to 230% more than ordinary sample ,the modulus of rupture is 80% to 200% more,the bulk den-sity is 6% to 9.5% more and the porosity decrease by 15% to 36% than ordinary sampl,The authors consider tha MS is a kind of excellent high molecular compound in monolithic refractories.