隔油—混凝—气浮—CAST工艺在香精香料综合废水处理中的应用

对隔油-混凝-气浮-CAST工艺在香精香料综合废水处理应用中的相关参数、调试运行进行了详细说明.实践证明,该工艺对处理有机污染物浓度高、可生化性好的香精香料综合废水具有良好效果,在进水COD为6 150 mg/L、BOD5为3 188 mg/L的情况下,该工艺的处理出水COD<300 mg/L、BOD5<100 mg,L,达到污水综合排放三级标准.     

铁碳微电解深度处理阿维菌素废水工程应用

采用铁碳微电解工艺深度处理阿维菌素废水好氧出水。结果表明,当好氧系统二沉出水COD为1 000mg/L时,在停留时间为1 h,进水pH为2.5,混凝pH为6,溶解氧为0.9~1.4 mg/L的最佳工艺条件下,COD去除率达到56%。铁碳微电解法适用于处理阿维菌素废水好氧出水,该方法COD去除率高,运行稳定,操作简单。     

Fenton试剂法深度处理皮革废水生化出水的研究

以加工生牛皮为主的皮革厂废水处理站生化出水为研究对象,研究了Fenton试剂对此废水的处理效果及影响因素。试验确定降解此类皮革废水生化出水的最佳条件为:pH值5.0,H2O2投加量600 mg/L,Fe2+的投加量500 mg/L,反应时间50 min。在此条件下,当进水COD的质量浓度为333 mg/L,色度为90倍时,COD和色度的去除率分别达到73.3%和98%,废水COD的质量浓度降至89 mg/L,色度降至5倍以下,达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)皮革废水一级标准。     

Sand filtration of wastewater for tertiary treatment and water reuse

The performance of rapid sand filters was evaluated in three tertiary wastewater treatment plants in the State of Kuwait. These plants are located at Ardiya, Rikka and Jahra, and receive municipal wastewater flows of 220,000, 95,000 and 42,000 m³ d⁻¹, respectively. The Ardiya plant uses a two-stage activated sludge process for the secondary treatment of wastewater whereas both the Rikka and Jahra plants use the extended aeration process. Daily records were obtained from each plant over a period of 1 year, and the efficiency of the tertiary sand filters was determined based on reductions in SS, VSS, BOD, and COD. Analysis of these records showed that the secondary-treated effluent quality is highly variable. Seasonal variations were observed due to nitrification and denitrification that enhance the production of nitrogen gas and carry over of sludge solids in the effluent during summer, causing more frequent backwashing of the filters. The data were also statistically analyzed using the ANOVA program. The results obtained indicated significant improvements, at 95% and 99% significance levels, in solids (SS, VSS) and organics (BOD, COD) removal by sand filtration. They also showed that, in addition to improving effluent quality, the tertiary filtration played an important role in the stability of effluent quality so as to dampen variations in the quality of secondary-treated effluent. The tertiary effluent consistently satisfied the water quality requirements for irrigation.     

臭氧预处理+絮凝沉淀+BAF组合工艺在二级生化处理出水深度处理的应用

针对抗生素类工业废水难处理特点,特别是混合工业废水经二级生化处理后的尾水具有很难生化的特质,因此对二级生化处理后的尾水采用“臭氧预处理+絮凝沉淀+BAF”组合工艺进行深度处理。结果表明：依靠单纯BAF工艺处理COD去除效率平均仅为4.7%,无法达标,必须经臭氧氧化作用改变废水中某些有机物的结构和特性,使其发生开环、断链,才能进一步生物降解;臭氧预处理有效提高了二级生化出水的可生化性,且臭氧对BOD5处理效率随臭氧投加量的增加而提高,臭氧最佳投加量为20mg/L;该组合工艺对COD、NH3-N 和TP的平均去除效率为40.7%、34.4%和79.1%,出水COD、NH3-N 和TP等指标均能达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978—1996）的一级排放标准。该组合工艺为难生物降解的抗生素类制药为主的混合工业废水二级出水的深度处理提供了新途径。     

O3/H2O2组合工艺处理丁苯橡胶生产废水的研究

针对合成橡胶生产废水,特别是丁苯橡胶(SBR)生产废水的悬浮物浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,难以达到国家排放标准等问题,以O3/H2O2组合工艺对SBR生产废水进行非均相催化氧化处理实验,探讨了影响COD去除率的各种因素,确定了最佳的混凝和催化氧化条件.研究结果表明:采用混凝-催化氧化工艺可使原水的COD从860 mg/L降至145 mg/L,去除率83.1%,出水达到国家二级排放标准.     

Modelling and optimisation of a chemical industry wastewater treatment plant subjected to varying production schedules

Industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have to provide 100% reliability and availability for the discharging facilities at an industrial site. Varying production schedules at these facilities and specific components occurring in the industrial wastewater considerably hinder the optimisation of industrial WWTPs. In this context it is shown in this paper that model‐based optimisation is an efficient and cost‐reducing way to ensure that an industrial WWTP functions well. The aim of the study presented was two‐fold. The first step was to show the usefulness of a proposed procedure to build and calibrate a model for the industrial WWTP. The second objective was to use the model for optimisation of the WWTP. As an example, a large set of possible production schedules in the different discharging facilities was simulated. Based on these simulations it could be predicted which schedules allow the effluent standards to be met and which do not. The calibrated and validated model was also used to investigate different operating strategies such as the in‐series operation of the two available aeration tanks. In fact, with the model it was shown that a 20% reduction of the degradable COD concentration in the effluent could be achieved by operating the tanks in series instead of in parallel. This case study shows how the approach presented can lead to fast and cost effective modelling and optimisation of an industrial WWTP. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

榆林市某污水处理厂设计实例

为解决榆林市某县未经处理的废水,新建的污水厂采用奥贝尔氧化沟+混合反应+沉淀+过滤工艺,处理后出水SS≤10mg/L,BOD≤10mg/L,COD≤50mg/L,TN≤15mg/L,TP≤0.5mg/L,出水水质达到GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准,实现了社会效益、经济效益与环境效益的统一.     

序批式活性污泥法处理城市污水试验研究

广州市城市污水具有有机物浓度低,碳、氮、磷比不合理的特点。采用序批式活性污泥法工艺对广州地区城市污水进行了实验研究。结果表明:在污泥负荷为0.14～0.26kg犤BOD5犦/(kg犤MLSS犦·d)时,出水BOD5为5.12～13.6mg/L,CODCr浓度为10.7～32.2mg/L,NH3-N为2.83～9.23mg/L,TP为0.1～0.45mg/L,证明了采用SBR工艺处理碳氮比较低的城市污水是可行的。     

Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory-scale and pilot studies

Bimetallic nanoparticles have been widely studied for wastewater treatment, but the study of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment is minimal. In the previous work, ammonia was removed by nanoFeCu via an oxidation reaction, and nitrogen gas was released. However, the performance and reusability of nanoFeCu in treating industrial wastewater have not been reported elsewhere. This study revealed the performance of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment on both laboratory-scale and pilot-scale for the first time. A varied mass of embedded nanoFeCu (eFeCu4) was exposed to sewage water, and the quality of the effluent was measured in terms of ammonia, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ concentrations were measured to determine the stability of eFeCu4 in nine reuse cycles. Results showed that the laboratory-scale experiment removed 20%–30% ammonia from sewage. A similar removal rate was reported in all nine cycles of reuse, which confirmed the usability and reliability of eFeCu4. In the pilot-scale study, ammonia was removed from ~22.3 to ~4.8 mg/L, while BOD and COD were reduced from ~204 to ~56 mg/L and ~71 to ~39.7 mg/L, respectively. The treated effluent quality complies with the effluent discharge standard of Malaysia, and it is also comparable with the effluent quality at sewage treatment plants in Malaysia and overseas. In conclusion, nanoFeCu could be an alternative method for sewage treatment due to its stability and pollutant removal performance. A sustainability and cost-effectiveness study should be conducted to determine the feasibility of a full-scale application.     

絮凝-膜过滤处理生活污水的研究

以生活污水为处理对象,选用了5种无机絮凝剂和2种有机絮凝剂进行了单一和复合处理时的对比研究,并考察了pH值、投加顺序对COD去除率的影响,在此基础上,探讨了絮凝和膜过滤结合对生活污水的处理效果。研究表明,在三氯化铁和有机絮凝剂复合的最佳絮凝条件下,COD的去除率达65％左右;在膜分离过程中引入絮凝处理,能显著提高处理效果,COD去除率在75％左右,同时,絮凝处理后的膜通量迅速提高。     

HSB微生物技术在有机助剂废水处理中的应用研究

有机助剂生产过程中产生的工业废水，其有机物浓度高、毒性大、不易降解，废水的BOD／COD约为0．1。采用HSB高效微生物技术对有机助剂废话水进行工业小试，考察了该技术对含有苯胺类化合物、硝基苯类化合物、硫氰化物等难降及有毒化合物废水的处理效果。运行结果表明，对COD的去除率为86．3％，对苯胺类的去除率为98％，对硝基苯类的去除率为83％。     

改良UCT分段进水脱氮除磷工艺性能及物料平衡

采用改良UCT分段进水试验装置研究了该工艺处理实际生活废水的脱氮除磷性能,建立了该系统碳(COD)、氮、磷的物料衡算公式,并以稳态条件下试验数据为基础分析评价了各指标的物料分布情况。结果表明,工艺出水水质稳定,抗冲击负荷能力较强,平均出水COD、总氮、总磷含量分别为43.5、8.51、0.29mg·mL-1,满足国家城镇生活污水一级A排放标准。此外,根据建立的物料衡算公式及工艺各反应区污染物指标的转化途径分析发现,高达67.1%的反硝化脱氮作用(包括缺氧反硝化和好氧同步硝化反硝化)是该工艺深度脱氮的根本原因;系统反硝化和释磷过程利用的COD占总去除量的62.1%,体现了该工艺充分利用原水碳源的优势;氮素和COD的平衡率均高达99.8%,证明了所建立的公式的有效性。系统对磷的去除主要依赖于排放的剩余污泥,占总量的71.7%。     

催化氧化耦合高效生化工艺深度处理石化废水

采用臭氧催化氧化耦合特定菌高效生化工艺(HENT)对某企业石化废水二级生化出水进行深度处理,主要去除COD和氨氮。废水经该工艺处理后,出水水质稳定,COD<120 mg/L,去除率平均为78%;出水氨氮<1 mg/L,去除率接近100%。试验结果表明,臭氧催化氧化耦合高效生化工艺可满足石化废水二级生化出水的深度处理要求。     

煤气化废水深度处理技术研究

首次采用预处理+二级生物处理+深度处理组合工艺处理煤化工废水。其中预处理(隔油-气浮-脱酚-蒸氨)以脱油、去除悬浮物、回收酚类和氨为目的,二级生物处理(二级内循环UASB-ABFB)是降解以非挥发酚为主的COD和生物脱除高浓度氨氮,最后采用臭氧活性炭工艺深度处理残余的COD。该工艺出水能达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准要求,具有耐冲击负荷和出水水质稳定的特点。     

萘胺废水处理工程的设计与运行

萘胺废水具有CODCr浓度高、酚浓度高的特点。采用Fe-C微电解工艺对其进行预处理,CODCr去除率大于30%,酚去除率大于60%,m(BOD5):m(CODCr)从0.11提高0.32。预处理后的废水经二级生化处理,在混合废水CODCr、BOD5、挥发酚的质量浓度分别为1 548、496、59 mg/L时,处理后出水分别为112、15、0.2 mg/L,出水水质达到G8 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》之二级标准。     

对硝基苯乙酮生产废水处理工程实例

介绍了处理对硝基苯乙酮生产废水的化学/生物/深度处理组合工艺及相关反应条件。其中化学法采用混合酸析和Fenton催化氧化法,通过小试发现,对硝基苯乙酮生产废水混合酸析最佳pH为2.0,Fenton催化氧化的最佳反应条件为pH 3.0、H_2O_2质量分数0.9%、FeSO_4·7H_2O 2.5 g/L、反应时间2 h。经过混合酸析-Fenton催化氧化-水解酸化-A/O-臭氧氧化-接触氧化工艺处理后,出水的COD、硝基苯、色度、总氮等指标达到国家污水综合排放三级标准(GB 8978—1996)。     

粉煤灰和二次污泥联合处理生活污水的实验研究

使用大同地区粉煤灰及污水处理厂的二次污泥,采用"物理生物联合法",通过实验,对生活污水化学需氧量的降解过程进行了优化处理。研究了粉煤灰和污泥在不同实验条件下,对污水中化学需氧量的去除效果。研究结果表明:150 mL的生活污水,经粉煤灰6 g、污泥8 g、静置时间15 min的处理过程,其COD去除率可达到62%。     

车载移动式钻井废水处理工艺及装置研究

针对目前油气田产生的钻井废水具有面广、量大、成分复杂、水质差别大,而现有的污水处理工艺处理费用高、效率低下、且其外排的水质已不能满足相关排放要求的特点,研究出一套适合于钻井废水处理的移动式工艺流程,并对工艺的装置进行优化.根据对不同水质(浅井、中深井、深井)的处理、调查,设计出适合于四川地区的移动式污水处理工艺.整套工艺以搅拌、混凝、沉降、氧化为主,通过对废水的预处理使出水水质除COD外其他污染指标都可以达到相关排放标准,然后再通过氧化罐进一步降低COD,最终可使之达到相关排放要求.     

ENRT工艺在煤焦油深加工废水处理中的实际应用

煤焦油深加工过程中产生的高浓度废水与焦化废水不同,采用传统的A/O工艺及A2/O工艺处理很难达到预期效果。针对现阶段煤焦油废水处理难度大的特点,着重介绍了ENRT工艺在陕西某煤焦油加工企业的实际应用。经过3个月左右的调试,出水COD去除率为92.1%~96.1%,氨氮去除率为92.2%~100%,可达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级排放标准要求。若进一步深度处理,出水可以满足厂区内回用要求。ENRT工艺脱氮效率高,运行成本低,适合于焦化、焦油深加工等化工领域的废水处理。