Risk perception analysis: Participation in China’s water PPP market

In China, the massive demand for water infrastructure and lack of capital has precipitated the rapid growth of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the water sector. However, the current market indicates that numerous foreign companies have been either reducing their business or have retreated from the market whereas some are aggressively taking market share. Given the assumption that there are two broad categories of risks restricting foreign companies’ market participation—PPP project risks and legal and regulatory barriers—it was found that the revocation of fixed return policy, current low level of water prices and its difficulty of adjustment are the most significant risks. Moreover, an active player has a visibly and statistically lower level of risk perception than a market retreater. This implies that active players ascribe much importance to market practices rather than the incompleteness and ambiguity of China’s PPP legal system; they are more certain that the risk mitigation strategy is highly effective, and operational profits can be greatly increased through price adjustment.     

Impact of operating rules on planning capacity expansion of urban water supply systems

ABSTRACT

Water utilities often rely on industrial water supply (e.g. desalination) to complement natural resources. These climate-independent sources of supply allow operators to respond quickly to varying operating conditions, but require them to choose operating strategies, or rules. How does such operational flexibility impact the performance of water supply systems? How might it affect long-term plans for capacity expansion? Possibly significantly, as demonstrated by the analysis of a water supply system based on Singapore. First, we simulate the dynamics of the system under multiple rainfall and operating scenarios to understand the extent to which the operators’ behavior affect system performance. Results show that different operating rules can have comparable impact on the variability in system performance as hydrological conditions. Then, we show that small changes in the operating rules can lead to substantial changes in the capacity expansions, such as the size of a new desalination plant.     

A review of global research on private investment in the water sector

This study critically examines the evidence on private-sector water investment over the past 24 years. It provides a basis on which future research can consider how global water investment issues can be better addressed. Moreover, this study exhibits scenarios of water investment performance that can potentially help investors make better investment decisions. Overall, we find that the water sector is expanding, and the market appears to be resistant to economic forces, suggesting that private investors can obtain positive returns.     

基于模糊数学的供水管网水质安全性评价方法探讨

供水管网水质安全性评价对于提高供水调度与管理水平十分重要。提出了利用模糊数学解决复杂的水质安全性评价问题的方法。详细分析了余氯指标的评价标准,并以某城市供水管网为例研究了余氯的模糊评价方法。评价结果与实际水质状况相符,说明该模糊评判方法可用于管网水质的评价。     

Risk criticality and allocation in privatised water supply projects in Indonesia

Public–private-partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects typically involve a plethora of risks. Given that many risks which are traditionally borne by the government get transferred to the private sector, careful risk allocation is considered to be the key to successful PPP projects. This paper focuses on the current risk allocation practice within Indonesia’s water supply projects. The paper captures, presents and discusses the perceptions of both regulators and operators in the context of project risk criticality and allocation. Both parties consider non-availability of raw water is of paramount concern. However, survey findings highlight low-to-moderate levels of intra-group and inter-group agreement regarding the allocation of specific project risk factors. Thus, asserting that the issue of optimal risk allocation remains elusive.     

城市供水管网漏失安全性评价模型研究

针对M市供水管网系统的特点,构建了管网漏失安全性指标评价体系,该评价体系分为6个准则层和24个指标层,运用层次分析法（AHP）结合模糊评价法对该市供水管网的漏失安全性进行了综合评价实践.结果表明,该市的供水系统处于一般安全的水平.此外,对各种漏失的原因及其影响程度进行了理论分析,验证了评价模型的合理性.     

Demand management aspects of urban water policy in the industrial sector: the case of the city of Thessaloniki,Greece

The present paper presents the main results of a research project. It deals with consumers' perception of water issues in the industrial sector, and examines and analyses water use patterns, water conservation methods and water pricing issues. Issues presented are the contribution of water to production processes, water consumption levels, water conservation options, the possibility of construction of a dual water supply system, the evaluation of different pricing policies, the willingness to pay (WTP) and the potential impact of a price increase. The study has shown that there is limited use of recycling methods, few pollution control practices and small effect of industrial water price on water consumption levels. As far as industrial consumers are concerned, they present inaccurate perception of water consumption levels and low willingness to pay for the improvement of water services.     

山西省城镇供水现状及用水需求发展趋势

针对山西省城镇供水现状进行了分析,分别阐述了全社会供水、公共供水及自建供水设施三方面的数据统计结果,探讨了山西省用水、用水需求及今后发展趋势,提出今后城镇供水工作重点,为山西省合理开发利用水资源提供了科学建议。     

The rhetoric of community participation in urban South African water governance

The persistence of the water insecurity challenge has manifested in weak government financial systems, insufficient technical capacity, and ineffective water governance systems in the global arena. This paper is a contextual analysis of community participation in water governance in urban South Africa since 1994. Limited community participation in urban water governance results in persistent inequality in access to water and sanitation services. New strategies and effective mechanisms are needed to include communities in water governance and pricing.     

城市供水水压不足分析及建议对策

对水污染严重、水资源重复利用率低、自备井随意开挖滥用、城市管网系统布置不合理、二次供水管理权限不明确等原因造成的城市供水水压不足问题进行了论述,并针对这些问题提出了改进建议,以期缓解供水矛盾,满足居民用水需求。     

探索城乡供水水质问题

本文通过饮用水源监测管理、净水工艺改造、絮凝荆试验选用、配水管网建设与管理、水质检测能力建设等方面探索城乡供水水质问题的解决途径。     

给水工程中供水管材的选用

介绍了供水管材的种类,对管材的综合性能进行了比较,探讨了管材的选择原则,提出了选择管材的建议,指出只有对运行工况环境条件、施工条件、经济条件等多种因素进行综合比较和分析,才能最终合理确定选用何种管材。     

非市政给水水源用作消防供水水源可靠性分析

分析了我国城市消防给水水源不足,消防供水水源可靠性较低的原因及危害,从节约用水和保证消防水源可靠性的角度,探讨了天然水体、建筑中水、工业废水处理后达标排放水及回用水等非市政给水用作消防水源的可靠性问题.     

大同市铁路地区供水管网水质的试验分析

结合大同市铁路地区供水现状，通过对该地区水质的检测，介绍了大同水源水的基本情况，提出了管网、水池及室内镀锌对水质的影响及防治措施。     

管网水力模型在城市供水规划中的应用

以中国某丘陵城市为例,提出了基于MIKE URBAN构建的供水管网水力模型,并将其应用于该城市的供水规划分析,对不同规划方案进行评估,为该城市的供水规划设计提供了科学依据。     

城市给排水规划编制小议

阐述了制订城市给排水规划时必须正确把握和处理好的三大问题 ,指出应通过科学规划、合理布局、综合治理等手段 ,系统而全面的统筹、协调各项水问题 ,达到合理调控水资源 ,改善水环境 ,防治水灾害的目的     

城市给水工程自动化系统设计

城市给水工程自动化系统的建设有其必要性；目前，国内给水自控系统采用最多的是由工业计算机＋PLC＋自动化仪表组成的多级分布式计算机测控管理系统；介绍了给水工程自动化系统构成原理和设计实施方案，阐述了企业信息网络概念、软件组成、功能以及自动化设备选型原则；展望了给水自动化发展方向及应用前景。     

城镇应急供水系统的规划与建设

对汕头市澄海区莲下镇供水现状进行了调查,确定了包括预警系统、应急处理设施及给水调度在内的应急供水系统的规翅l与整体建设方案,以应对可能出现的重大供水事故。     

城镇供水调度系统的建立与调度控制

介绍了广东省汕头市澄海区南洋自来水公司供水调度系统的建立、运行管理及调控作用。系统的建设包括生产自动化远程（公司）监控系统和管网调度系统（无线）、大用户水表监测系统（无线）、公司调度中心、信息化网络架构、生产信息的发送以及网络查询系统。系统以SLCS00及MicroLogix1200、MicroLogix1500、Controllogix为可编程控制器,以光纤为传输介质,GPRS／GSM为无线网络通讯方式,以RSVIEW为监控组态软件,能实现水厂、加压泵站、大用户和输水管网的自动监测、远程查询、监控和管理。     

浅谈我国城市供水节水的发展与对策

分析了城市供水节水工作存在的主要问题,按照“开源,节流和保护并举,资源合理配置”的原则,阐述了提高供水节水工作的科学技术管理水平,促进污水资源化等建成节水型城市与社会的策略。