T1502对喷气燃料热氧化安定性的影响

利用JFTOT试验机及DR10沉积评定仪研究了T1502抗静电添加剂对喷气燃料热氧化安定性的影响。结果表明,T1502抗静电添加剂对喷气燃料热氧化安定性存在一定的影响,在正常添加的情况下,其影响基本可以忽略;在4倍剂量的极限条件下,仍然可以满足产品标准的要求。T1502对喷气燃料的破点存在一定的影响,会导致破点一定程度的降低,但破点仍然满足喷气燃料的需求。     

喷气燃料生产技术现状及发展趋势

综述了国内外喷气燃料生产精制工艺采用的方法,重点介绍了直馏一非加氢精制工艺和直馏一浅度加氢处理工艺.介绍了喷气燃料中抗氧添加剂、抗静电添加剂、防冰添加剂、抗磨添加剂和热安定性添加剂的应用.对纤维膜精制工艺和探索中的各种添加剂进行了展望.     

热稳定性添加剂对喷气燃料电导率的影响

针对热稳定性添加剂对喷气燃料电导率的明显改变作用,介绍了几种热稳定性添加剂、抗静电添加剂和其他添加剂在喷气燃料中的抗静电效果,重点考察了不同添加剂复配后对喷气燃料电导率的影响作用。讨论了热稳定性添加剂与抗静电添加剂和其他添加剂间相互作用对碳氢液体电导率的影响机理。     

喷气燃料储存安定性的研究

对喷气燃料的储存安定性进行了探讨,对喷气燃料的氧化机理进行了详细的研究,对常用抗氧剂进行了对比,对喷气燃料的颜色安定性及蒸发损失进行了阐述,并对未来进行了展望。     

3号喷气燃料存储的标准化监控研究

随着我国航空事业的快速发展,喷气燃料作为飞机主要使用能源,其产品工艺和性能参数受到业界人士的重点关注。3号喷气燃料在我国民用航空中得到了广泛应用,为了保证飞机的顺利运行,针对3号燃料的性能指标也提出了更高的要求。但喷气燃料在存储中会随着时间温度变化,燃料性能会逐渐减退,对燃料的正常使用造成严重影响。在文章中,笔者将会对3号喷气燃料存储的标准化监控进行分析,提出一些具体的燃料存储建议。     

确保3号喷气燃料质量的措施

针对3号喷气燃料生产中遇到的问题进行分析,采取必要措施,从生产源头抓起,改善3号喷气燃料的质量,确保3号喷气燃料的正常生产。     

橡胶材料对高密度喷气燃料化学安定性影响

橡胶是燃料在贮存和使用过程中会接触到的材料。高密度喷气燃料HDF 1是一种合成的燃料,使用时,涉及橡胶与燃料的相容性。采用升温加速氧化的方法,考察了常用橡胶材料与燃料HDF 1的相容性,结果表明燃料HDF 1使丁腈胶4170和5171的物理性能变差,对G402胶影响很小;使用丁腈胶对燃料HDF 1化学安定性负面影响较大。     

3号喷气燃料标准军用指标和民用指标的区别

3号喷气燃料是现阶段我国普遍使用的航空涡轮发动机燃料。采用军、民通用的原则,使用一个标准,即GB 6537-2006。但民航和军队在飞机发动机方面和油品储存时间要求上存在巨大差异,军用指标比民用指标要求严。本文详细介绍了3号喷气燃料军用指标与民用指标的区别。     

温度和水分对3号喷气燃料电导率的影响

电导率是3号喷气燃料检验的一个重要指标,它直接反映了3号喷气燃料的绝缘程度、积聚静电荷及存在静电放电危害程度。在实际工作中经常会发生储存在油罐内的3号喷气燃料电导率发生降低的现象。针对这一现象,从电导率的主要影响因素之中的温度、水分着手进行试验,从而得出了其具体的影响数据,科学地分析了产生这些情况的原因。     

抗静电剂在3^#喷气燃料中的应用

不同类型的抗静电剂在3#喷气燃料中的使用效果不相同。对T 1501、T 1502、Stadis 450 3种类型的抗静电剂在石炼化公司3#喷气燃料中的应用情况做了系统研究和分析。试验结果表明,抗静电剂型号不同、加剂量不同时,3#喷气燃料的电导率和水反应的质量情况不同,电导率的结果受测定温度的影响较大。找出了适合石炼化公司3#喷气燃料的抗静电剂品种和加剂量。     

喷气燃料热氧化机理及氧化稳定添加剂的研究进展

对喷气燃料热氧化沉积形成机理和为提高燃料氧化稳定性而加入的添加剂如硅烷基化试剂、氧清除剂、抗氧剂、金属钝化剂和清净分散剂的发展状况进行介绍,并指出今后燃料添加剂的发展方向。     

喷气燃料热氧化安定性的研究综述

复合锂基润滑脂具有良好的高温多效性能,自发明以来持续受到广泛研究和应用.同时复合锂皂良好的基础油稠化能力和添加剂感受性,使其可以制备满足各种工况要求的润滑脂.综述了复合锂基脂组成和制备工艺对其性能及结构的影响,探讨了复合锂基脂成脂机理,并对复合锂基润滑脂的未来发展进行了展望.     

Deposit formation in liquid fuels. 1. Effect of coal-derived Lewis bases on storage stability of Jet A turbine fuel

The development of reasonably precise techniques for the measurement of storage stability of jet aviation fuel is described. Lewis bases, extracted by ligand-exchange from a coal-derived liquid, are shown to adversely affect storage stability (as determined by an accelerated storage test) when added to Jet A turbine fuel. JFTOT results suggesting slight decreases in thermal stability of fuel ‘spiked’ (i.e. contaminated with a measured quantity of reagent) with extract are reported. Addition to Jet A turbine fuel of individual heterocyclic nitrogen compounds is shown to produce comparable decreases in storage stability.     

Desulfurization of commercial fuels by π-complexation: Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al2O3

Monolayer CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was studied for desulfurization of a commercial jet fuel (364.3 ppmw S) and a commercial diesel (140 ppmw S). The sorbent was prepared by means of spontaneous monolayer dispersion methods. Deep desulfurization (sulfur levels of <1 ppmw) was accomplished with this sorbent using a fixed-bed adsorber. The CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ sorbent was capable of removing 6.4 and 11.2 mg of sulfur per gram for jet fuel at breakthrough (at <1 ppmw S) and saturation, respectively. The same sorbent was capable of removing 0.94 and 1.8 mg of sulfur per gram for BP diesel at breakthrough and saturation, respectively. The difference in sulfur capacities for jet fuel and diesel was apparently caused by the difference in concentrations of strongly binding compounds, such as nitrogen heterocycles, heavy (polynuclear) aromatics and fuel additives. In comparison with CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃, Cu(I)Y zeolite has higher sulfur capacities but is less stable and can be easily oxidized to Cu(II)Y by fuel additives (such as oxygenates) and moisture and consequently loses π-complexation ability. However, all these cuprous π-complexation sorbents selectively adsorb thiophenic compounds over aromatics and olefins (as predicted by the high separation factors), which resulted in the observed desulfurization capability. A feasibility study is shown for efficient regeneration of CuCl/γ-Al₂O₃ using ultrasound at ambient temperature. Possible problems associated with desulfurization using π-complexation sorbents for commercial fuels are discussed.     

喷气燃料中铜含量测定的误差分析

在针对一些轻质石油产品的分析中，铜含量的分析会得到经常的应用，尤其对于喷气燃料而言，铜含量的多少，直接关系到喷气燃料的重要质量指标——热安定性的好坏，因此铜含量的测定对于喷气燃料的质量控制有着重要的意义。SH／T182—92是现行的铜含量的测定方法，在一些情况下，该分析方法的偏差较大。通过对该方法的一些改进，尤其是在显色时，采用分步显色的方法，大大提高了分析的精度，使该方法得到了一定的充实和完善。     

Polymer membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Recent advances and challenges

Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are considered to be a promising technology for efficient power generation in the 21st century. Currently, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) offer several advantages, such as high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, low electro-osmotic drag coefficient, good chemical/thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low cost. Owing to the aforementioned features, high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been utilized more widely compared to low temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which contain certain limitations, such as carbon monoxide poisoning, heat management, water leaching, etc. This review examines the inspiration for HT-PEMFC development, the technological constraints, and recent advances. Various classes of polymers, such as sulfonated hydrocarbon polymers, acid-base polymers and blend polymers, have been analyzed to fulfill the key requirements of high temperature operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The effect of inorganic additives on the performance of HT-PEMFC has been scrutinized. A detailed discussion of the synthesis of polymer, membrane fabrication and physicochemical characterizations is provided. The proton conductivity and cell performance of the polymeric membranes can be improved by high temperature treatment. The mechanical and water retention properties have shown significant improvement., However, there is scope for further research from the perspective of achieving improvements in certain areas, such as optimizing the thermal and chemical stability of the polymer, acid management, and the integral interface between the electrode and membrane.     

飞机燃油抗氧剂膦化物的氧化反应的热力学研究

膦化物为高性能飞机燃油潜在的抗氧剂,能显著地改善飞机燃油的高温稳定性能。实验结果表明,在自由基抑制剂存在下,膦化物的氧化反应(>120℃)是通过膦化物与氧气的直接作用而进行,实验的热力学数据表明,膦化物的氧化反应是通过磷原子与氧气中氧原子间电荷部分转移形成过渡态而进行的;极性溶剂可降低反应的活化能,取代基则对活化能的影响较小。     

采用加速量热法评价防爆硝酸铵的热稳定性

在模拟硝酸铵(AN)的生产工艺流程中加入防爆添加剂制成防爆AN,按照工业炸药配方制成铵油炸药,并用8^#雷管起爆,实验表明该防爆AN失去了爆炸性。用加速量热仪研究了AN和防爆AN的绝热分解过程,得到了绝热分解温度与压力随时间的变化、自加热速率与分解压力随温度的变化曲线,计算了分解动力学参数表观活化能和指前因子。据此分析了防爆AN的安全性,表明它具有良好的热稳定性;同时也表明防爆AN热稳定性的提高是爆炸特性得以消除的原因。。