论言语交际中语境对话语意义的解释功能

在言语交际中,语境是话语意义理解的关键因素.不同类型的语境对话语意义的解释功能也不尽相同.在回顾语境研究现状的基础上,通过详实的中英文语料分析了不同类型的语境对话语意义的解释功能,阐明了语境在言语交际中对话语意义理解的重要作用.     

话语标记语well的语用功能与翻译

话语标记语well是言语交际中一种十分常见的话语现象,在不同的语境条件下具有不同的语用功能。在翻译过程中如何处理作为话语标记语的well也是一个值得深入探讨的问题。本文通过考证来自小说《名利场》原作及译品的诸多实例认为,从语用角度看,well作为话语标记语是发话者/作者的语用策略,是发话者/作者表达的主观意图,具有一定的语境才可以判别它的含义。翻译过程中,听话者/译者要善于识别领会其语用潜势,理顺话语前后之间的关系,灵活处理,译出话语标记语well的语用功能。     

话语标记语well的语用功能与翻译

话语标记语well是言语交际中一种十分常见的话语现象,在不同的语境条件下具有不同的语用功能.在翻译过程中如何处理作为话语标记语的well也是一个值得深入探讨的问题.本文通过考证来自小说<名利场>原作及译品的诸多实例认为,从语用角度看,well作为话语标记语是发话者/作者的语用策略,是发话者/作者表达的主观意图,具有一定的语境才可以判别它的含义.翻译过程中,听话者/译者要善于识别领会其语用潜势,理顺话语前后之间的关系,灵活处理,译出话语标记语well的语用功能.     

论教师课堂话语策略

教学的场域是课堂,课堂教学过程充斥着语言,课堂话语是课堂教学活动的载体,是课堂上教师和学生互动交流的媒介。整个教学过程大多是通过语言进行的,通过语言来传递信息和意义,语言是教学的工具、纽带和桥梁。教师话语可能促进也可能阻碍学生的课堂参与,教师良好的课堂话语策略可以有效地提高学生的话语参与,提高课堂教学的效益。     

片断话语在语用学及外语教学中的意义

在语言交际中,片断话语具有凸现焦点、预示语境、衔接语篇和实现交际的语篇和交际功能,它们遵循着语言认知经济原则、语言交际合作原则和礼貌原则。因此,本文以句法、功能语法和语用学为视点,对片断话语的结构特点、交际功能及其所遵循的基本原则进行了分析,旨在达到对片断话语多层次、全方位的了解,更好地在交际过程中和外语教学中运用这一语言现象,以取得最佳的交际效果。     

大学英语教学话语机制研究

提出了大学英语教学话语策略。以教学话语理论为基础,以分配规则、情景重置规则、评价规则为大学英语教学话语机制,通过教学案例分析,提出了恰当使用话语的重复、合理地预设提问方式、教师课堂话语轮换等策略。这些策略对大学英语教学实践具有一定的实际意义。     

从认知的角度浅谈话语标记语中的语用功能

话语标记语是语言中普遍存在的用来标记话语之间各种逻辑或时空关系的词或短语。本文根据Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论,从认知的角度对话语标记语的语用功能进行分析,旨在分析话语标记语在话语推理过程中对话语理解所起的引导和制约作用。     

提高英语专业精读课堂上教师话语效度的行动研究

教师话语对课堂教学的组织和学生语言习得至关重要,英语专业精读课是语言教学中重要的基础课程,因此英语专业精读课堂上的教师话语更不容忽视。此行动研究通过问卷调查、访谈和课堂观察探究精读课堂教师话语存在的问题和改进方法以提高教师的话语效度。结果表明,通过从教师话语的数量和形式、教师话语的构成比例、教师提问的问题类型、教师反馈用语及教师纠错的类型五个方面实施课堂话语效度改进方案,确实提高了精读课上教师的话语效度,促进了学生语言运用能力的提高和教师的自我完善。     

论关联理论与口译信息处理

关联理论认为对话语的理解和信息处理要依靠语境。构建话语最佳语境的过程就是在话语中寻求最佳关联的过程。如果话语间的关联性越大,那么说话人付出的努力就越小。口译是一种即时性的言语活动,需要快速的信息处理和理解。口译员可以在关联理论指导下通过寻求和构建语境假设获得最佳关联来完成信息处理与理解。     

从认知的角度浅谈话语标记语中的语用功能

话语标记语是语言中普遍存在的用来标记话语之间各种逻辑或时空关系的词或短语.本文根据Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论,从认知的角度对话语标记语的语用功能进行分析,旨在分析话语标记语在话语推理过程中对话语理解所起的引导和制约作用.     

Rebranding the robot

Robotics scientists are counteracting a perceived negative fictional image of robots by re-imagining them as a new infant species, reports social anthropologist Kathleen Richardson     

Adaptive variable universe of discourse fuzzy control for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown dead zones

In this paper, based on an adaptive nonbackstepping design algorithm, we proposed a novel variable universe of discourse fuzzy control (VUDFC) approach for a class of single‐input–single‐output strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown dead‐zone inputs. Firstly, we convert the form of system into a normal form on the basis of some new state variables and coordinate transformation; at the same time, state‐feedback control is changed to output‐feedback control. Secondly, we design observers to estimate the new unmeasurable states. Then, different from considering the traditional backstepping‐based fuzzy control scheme, we introduce a direct VUDFC scheme, which is mainly based on changing of contraction‐expansion factors to modify the universe of discourse online, and fuzzy rules can automatically reproduce to develop the control performance; thus, the size of initial rule base is greatly reduced. This new algorithm can alleviate tracking error, improve the accuracy of the system, and strengthen robustness. Lastly, according to Lyapunov theorem analysis, we prove that all the signals in the closed‐loop system can be guaranteed to be stable, and the output can track the reference signal very well. Simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed VUDFC approach.     

华中网调黑启动方案的编制

简要论述了电网黑启动方案的意义,结合华中电网特点,详细介绍了华中网调黑启动方案的编制内容.     

Sight and insight - [engineering vision]

You can tell a lot about a person from the eyes. In poetry and novels, lovers will gaze into each others? eyes and see into the depths of their loved ones? souls. In contrast, the eyes of fictional villains often reveal them to be cruel and cold.     

High-speed advanced sensors for bioterror weapons

"Biological weapons" include bacteria, viruses, and toxins that are spread deliberately in air, food, or water to cause disease or death to humans, animals, or plants. This discourse addresses specifically the applicability of integrated sensors and the use of technologies (both information technologies and biological/pharmaceutical technologies) in a concerted threat identification and avoidance paradigm designed to alert, to muster, and to deploy assets in counterterrorist efforts, specifically: Do we work to identify threats far enough in advance to allow proper response? What more needs to be done? What is the worth (value) of we can do now; what do we hope to do in the future?     

Determining flexor-tendon repair techniques via soft computing

An SC-based multi-objective decision-making method for determining the optimal flexor-tendon repair technique from experimental and clinical survey data, and with variable circumstances, was presented. Results were compared with those from the Taguchi method. Using the Taguchi method results in the need to perform ad-hoc decisions when the outcomes for individual objectives are contradictory to a particular preference or circumstance, whereas the SC-based multi-objective technique provides a rigorous straightforward computational process in which changing preferences and importance of differing objectives are easily accommodated. Also, adding more objectives is straightforward and easily accomplished. The use of fuzzy-set representations of information categories provides insight into their performance throughout the range of their universe of discourse. The ability of the technique to provide a "best" medical decision given a particular physician, hospital, patient, situation, and other criteria was also demonstrated.     

三相三线有源电力滤波器电流跟踪性能最优化控制

该文分析并建立了三相三线制有源电力滤波器的电流控制回路时域数学模型，克服了一些现有模型及处理中忽略电源电压的影响；提出了基于虚拟浮地的分析方法，简化了三相电压不对称情况下的分析；提出了基于期望电压的预测方法，其预测精度比基于指令电流的同次多项式预测精度要高，从而可以提高补偿电流的电流跟踪精度；提出了基于优化目标函数最小化的优化控制方法，并求解得出了预测控制方程的最优可行解。对该控制策略下有源电力滤波器的控制性能进行了分析。该文方法可以明显地减少开关次数，提高直流侧电压的利用率和电流跟踪能力，并且该文方法无需复杂的坐标变换，具有计算简单易于编程的特点，同时给出了基于该控制方法的有源电力滤波器的仿真和实验结果，结果证明了该控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

电力客户服务呼叫中心系统构建技术及管理体系

根据广东省电力客户服务呼叫中心系统的建设和运行管理的经验,介绍电力客户服务呼叫中心系统的构建技术和功能设置,以及系统建设的必备条件;同时介绍电力客户服务呼叫中心在需求侧管理工作中的功能。电力客户服务呼叫中心系统投入运行一年的经验表明,其为需求侧管理工作发挥了强大的服务功能。     

Three kinds of ethics for three kinds of engineering

The phenomenon of the engineering enterprise stands within a web of contextual relationships, and the elements of (1) the engineer, (2) engineering and (3) the engineered stand out as fundamental to the engineering enterprise. Each element is contextual in the sense of being integrated into a more or less coherent realm of discourse consisting of thoughts, actions, words, things, roles and goals. That realm of discourse indicates the contexts that condition and are conditioned by the engineering enterprise. Corresponding to each of the three elements of the engineering enterprise is an appropriate and distinct type of ethics. (1) Virtue ethics is appropriate to the engineer who engineers the engineered. It asks how the engineer can be good in a moral sense. (2) Conceptual ethics is appropriate to engineering, which aims at the production of the engineered and requires the engagement of engineers. It asks how engineers can do good engineering. (3) Material ethics is appropriate to the engineered, which follows from the engineering process via the efforts of the engineer. It asks how engineering can make products that contribute to the common good in a convivial society. Being, doing and making are all bound up in the statement “The engineer engineers the engineered”. We cannot separate the engineer, engineering and the engineered, either from each other or from the contexts in which they are embedded, but we can distinguish them, and with each we can associate a different kind of ethics