RBF神经网络的混合微粒群学习算法

在分析RBF神经网络的结构特点基础上, 定义一个布尔向量L作为网络的结构参数, 与原来RBF神经网络的隐节点参数集一起构成了新的RBF网络隐节点参数集{c,σ, L}, 并给出了一个新的RBF网络输入输出关系表达式;采用一种混合协同微粒群算法同时对RBF网络拓扑结构和隐层节点参数进行优化设计,并将输出线性参数集分离后采用最小二乘法进行优化设计,简化了优化空间,加速了算法的收敛速度.     

基于互信息的分步式输入变量选择多元序列预测研究

针对多元序列分析中存在的输入变量选择问题,提出一种基于k-!近邻互信息估计的分步式变量选择算法. 该算法通过两步过程分别实现相关变量的选择与弱相关变量的剔除. 同时将分步变量选择算法应用于径向基函数(Radial basis function, RBF) 神经网络结构的优化中.在K均值聚类的基础上,通过分析隐含层神经元的输出权值与神经网络输出的相关性, 对隐含层节点进行选择,改进网络的结构与性能. Friedman数据的仿真实验验证了分步变量选择算法的有效性; Gas furnace多元时间序列以及Boston housing数据的仿真结果表明, 优化后的RBF网络能够在保证模型精度的基础上有效控制网络规模.     

一种RBF网络结构调整的稳健增量学习方法

以实现RBF网络的增量学习能力和提高其增量学习的稳健性为目的,给出了一种RBF网络增量学习算法.算法首先对初始数据集进行聚类得到初始的RBF网络结构,然后采用GAP-RBF算法中的隐层节点调整策略动态调整网络结构实现RBF网络增量学习.RBF网络的初始化降低了初始数据集样本训练顺序对RBF网络性能的影响,增强了其增量学习的稳健性.IRIS数据集和雷达实测数据集仿真实验表明,算法具有较好的增量学习能力.     

基于敏感度方差重要性的RBF 神经网络结构优化算法

针对RBF 神经网络的结构设计问题, 提出一种基于输出敏感度方差重要性的结构优化算法. 首先, 检验网络隐层节点的输出敏感度在样本集上的方差是否与零有显著差异, 以此作为依据增加或删除相应的隐层节点; 然后,对调整后的网络参数进行修正, 使网络具有更好的拟合精度和收敛性; 最后, 对所提出的优化算法进行仿真实验, 结果表明, 所提出的算法可根据研究对象自适应地调整RBF 的网络结构, 具有良好的逼近能力和泛化能力.

     

基于循环自构形算法的神经网络结构优化

BP(back propagation)神经网络中隐层节点的个数过多将影响网络的泛化性能和效率,自构形学习算法通过考察网络隐层节点输出之间的相关性来删除和合并隐层节点.但自构形算法在节点的删除和合并时存在网络收敛不一致问题,因此,在自构形算法中引入随机度概念,在分治算法思想的基础上提出了循环自构形算法来优化网络结构.Matlab实验对比验证了循环自构形算法能从不同或相同的隐层节点数剪枝到一致的网络结构,并将网络结构优化至最精简.     

判决反馈RBF信道均衡器的微粒群算法进化设计

本文在分析判决反馈RBF网络信道均衡器（DFIBFNE）的结构特点基础上,定义一个布尔向量L作为网络的结构参数,与原来DFRBFNE的隐节点参数集一起构成了新的DFRBFNE隐节点参数集{c,d,L},并给出了一个新的DFRBFNE网络输入输出关系表达式;采用一种混合协同微粒群算法同时对DFRBFNE网络拓扑结构和隐层节点参数进行优化设计,并将输出线性参数集分离后采用最小二乘法进行优化设计,简化了优化空间,加速了算法的收敛速度。     

基于LM算法的在线自适应RBF网结构优化算法

针对LM算法不能在线训练RBF网络以及RBF网络结构设计算法中存在的问题,提出一种基于LM算法的在线自适应RBF网络结构优化算法.该算法引入滑动窗口和在线优化网络结构的思想,滑动窗口的引入既使得LM算法能够在线训练RBF网络,又使得网络对学习参数的变化具有更好的鲁棒性,并且易于收敛.在线优化网络结构使得网络在学习过程中能够根据训练样本的训练误差和隐节点的相关信息,在线自适应调整网络结构,跟踪非线性时变系统的变化,使网络维持最为紧凑的结构,以保证网络的泛化性能.最后通过仿真实验验证了所提出算法的性能.     

基于改进遗传算法的RBF神经网络结构优化研究

针对RBF神经网络隐含层节点数过多导致网络结构复杂的问题,提出了一种基于改进遗传算法(IGA)的RBF神经网络优化算法。利用IGA优化基于正交最小二乘法的RBF神经网络结构,通过对隐含层输出矩阵的列向量进行全局寻优,从而设计出结构更优的基于IGA的RBF神经网络(IGA-RBF)。将IGA-RBF神经网络的学习算法应用于电子元器件贮存环境温湿度预测模型,与基于正交最小二乘法的RBF神经网络进行比较的结果表明:IGA-RBF神经网络设计出来的网络训练步数减少了44步,隐含层节点数减少了34个,且预测模型得到的温湿度误差较小,拟合精度大于0.95,具有更高的预测精度。     

基于贝叶斯网络的差分隐私高维数据发布技术研究

在实现隐私保护的同时提高数据可用性是高维结构化数据发布研究中的挑战性问题,经典算法Priv Bayes针对该问题提供了一种解决方案。为进一步减少计算开销、提高数据可用性,提出基于贝叶斯网络的差分隐私数据发布算法ELPriv Bayes。分析贝叶斯网络结构学习阶段的理论计算开销,构建存储属性之间互信息的相关矩阵,避免结构学习算法迭代过程中互信息的冗余计算,降低了时间复杂度。基于平均互信息优化了节点进入贝叶斯网络的顺序,提高结构学习迭代过程中指数机制贡献的互信息期望值,进而提高生成数据集与原始数据集的统计近似度,并实证分析网络结构质量对首节点选择的低敏感性。在4个典型数据集上的实验结果表明,与经典算法Priv Bayes及其改进方案相比较,结构学习阶段的计算开销降低了97%～99%,基于指数机制捕获的互信息提高了14%～67%,生成数据集与原始数据集的平均变差距离降低了32%～40%,构建的支持向量机(SVM)分类器的准确率提高了4%～5%,并且当ε≤0.8时,采用ELPriv Bayes算法生成数据的可用性提升更为显著。     

自适应前馈神经网络结构优化设计

针对多数前馈神经网络结构设计算法采取贪婪搜索策略而易陷入局部最优结构的问题,提出一种自适应前馈神经网络结构设计算法.该算法在网络训练过程中采取自适应寻优策略合并和分裂隐节点,达到设计最优神经网络结构的目的.在合并操作中,以互信息为准则对输出线性相关的隐节点进行合并;在分裂操作中,引入变异系数,有助于跳出局部最优网络结构.算法将合并和分裂操作之后的权值调整与网络对样本的学习过程结合,减少了网络对样本的学习次数,提高了网络的学习速度,增强了网络的泛化性能.非线性函数逼近结果表明,所提算法能得到更小的检测误差,最终网络结构紧凑.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。