菊粉季铵盐的复配性能研究

考察了菊粉季铵盐与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复配体系的表面化学性质,计算了二者在混合胶束和表面吸附层中的协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系的表面化学性能明显优于单一体系,在混合胶束和表面吸附层中都表现出强烈的协同效应。当n(菊粉季铵盐)∶n(SDS)=8∶2时,复配体系的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和临界表面张力(γCMC)分别为2.81μmol/L和23.81 mN/m。     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠/聚氧乙烯(23)月桂醚复配体系性能的研究

在35℃时通过表面张力法研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯(23)月桂醚(Brij35)复配体系在不同配比下的临界胶束浓度(CMC)和降低表面张力效率方面的作用。结果表明:SDBS和Brij35的物质的量比为3∶7时,降低表面张力的效率最高,其CMC为0.2 mmol/L,明显低于单一组分;并在总物质的量浓度一定时,测定了复配体系的稳定性和润湿性。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能研究

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵与烷基糖苷复配体系的表面活性和应用性能

研究了十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵(DTAH)与烷基糖苷(APG-0810)复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及应用性能。结果表明,复配体系总活性物质量浓度小于70 g/L时,溶液透光率大于80%,表现出良好的稳定性,且其表面张力和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均比单一表面活性剂的表面张力和CMC低。复配体系中APG-0810的加入有利于提高十二烷基三甲基氢氧化铵的起泡性、乳化性、润湿力及净洗力。     

Gemini表面活性剂与月桂醇醚羧酸盐的复配性能研究

研究了Gemini阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基季铵盐(12-3(OH)-12)与阴离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠(AE9C)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性和乳化性能。结果表明,12-3(OH)-12与AE9C复配体系稳定性好,表现出很好的协调增效作用。当n(12-3(OH)-12)∶n(AE9C)=1∶2时,增效作用最为明显,其临界胶束浓度CMC为1.49 mmol/L,最低表面张力γCMC=30.15 m N/m,均低于任一单组分。复配体系的泡沫、润湿和乳化性能均要优于任一单组分,并且都在n(12-3(OH)-12)∶n(AE9C)=1∶2时表现出最佳性能。     

两性/阴离子表面活性剂复配体系性能研究

采用环氧氯丙烷与磷酸二氢钠反应制备中间体,再与十二叔胺反应,制备甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂,并与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)进行复配。测定复配前后产品的表面张力、临界胶束浓度、泡沫稳定性和乳化能力等性能。结果表明,在最佳合成工艺条件下,甜菜碱型磷酸酯两性表面活性剂的表面张力为30 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为7.98 g/L。对于复配体系,当甜菜碱型磷酸酯表面活性剂与SDBS以质量比6∶4进行复配时增效作用最好,其表面张力为23 mN/m,临界胶束浓度为4.84 g/L,对松节油的乳化性能较好。     

糖苷基季铵盐与α-烯基磺酸钠复配体系的表面活性

研究了糖苷基季铵盐(CAPG)与α-烯基磺酸钠(AOS)复配体系的稳定性以及在表面和溶液中的相互作用.结果 表明,复配体系具有很好的稳定性,在形成胶束的能力、降低表面张力的效能及效率方面均有显著的提高,当n(CAPG):n(AOS)=1:1时增效作用最为明显,其cmcT(临界胶束浓度)、γcmc(临界胶束浓度时的表面张力)和cπ:柏(表面张力为40 mN·m-1时表面活性剂的总浓度)分别为4.4×10-5mol·L-1,24.9 mN·m-1和1.7×10-5mol·L-1,混合表面活性剂在表面和胶束中的相互作用参数βσ和βm分别为-15.93和-14.29,表现出很好的协同效应.     

糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂与十二烷基硫酸钠复配性能研究

测定了糖基双子阳离子表面活性剂(SGCS)与十二烷基硫酸钠(K_(12))复配体系的稳定性和表面性能。由实验结果可知,在宽的复配范围内不同碳链长度的SGCS与K_(12)均有良好的复配稳定性;C_(14)-SGCS/K_(12)复配体系表现出明显的协同增效作用,当n(C_(14)-SGCS)∶n(K_(12))为3∶5时复配溶液临界胶束浓度(cmc)、cmc时的表面张力(γ_(cmc))和降低表面张力的效率(pc_(20))分别为1.1×10~(-5) mol/L、23.69 mN/m和5.48,均明显优于C_(14)-SGCS和K_(12)自身的表面性能。     

AES与AEO_9复配体系表面活性的研究

研究了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)与非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚9(AEO_9)按不同质量比复配所得表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)、平衡表面张力(γ)及动态表面张力(DST)。当得到AES-AEO_9复配体系质量比为3∶7时,临界胶束浓度(cmc)最小,为0.10mmol/L,γ_(cmc)为33.62mN/m;质量比为1∶9时动态表面张力最好,此时动态表面张力参数n为1.74,t*为1.32s,表面张力降低速率R_(1/2)为14.30mN/m·s。不同浓度动态表面张力结果表明,随复配体系浓度增加,诱导期节省时间t_i减少,R_(1/2)增加。     

烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐和咪唑啉复配性能研究

研究了烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂(APGHPS)和咪唑啉两性离子表面活性剂(IMD)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能。结果表明:APGHPS和IMD复配体系稳定性好;复配体系表现出良好的协同增效作用,当n(APGHPS)∶n(IMD)=1∶1时,增效作用最为明显,此时临界胶束浓度cmc=8.81×10~(-5)mol/L,最低表面张力γcmc=26.2 m N/m,均低于单一组分;复配体系的泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能都较单一组分表面活性剂有所提高。     

The Synergism Effect Between Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and a Block Copolymer in Aqueous Solution

The synergistic behavior of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) with poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO) block copolymer was studied using surface tension measurements. The surface tension of single and mixed solutions of SDBS and the block copolymer in this study was measured at different concentrations and at 25 °C. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of these solutions was determined from the surface tension measurements. The SDBS gives higher CMC values than those of the block copolymer. The results show that the CMC value of SDBS decreases as the molar ratio of SDBS increases in the mixture solution with the block copolymer. The surface parameters of adsorption and micellization for single and mixed solutions were investigated. The results show that the surface and micellization properties of SDBS were improved as a result of mixing with the block copolymer. The mole fractions in the micelles and interaction parameters of the mixed solutions were calculated. The foam stability of single and mixed solutions at 25 °C was determined. The results show that the SDBS has more foam stability than the block copolymer and the foam stability increases as the molar ratio of SDBS increase in mixed solution of it with block copolymer.

R_(12)TAC-SDS混合溶液的表面张力和泡沫性能

测定了 3 十二烷氧基 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵 (R12 TAC)和十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)复配体系的表面张力和泡沫性能。实验表明 ,复配体系的CMC及γCMC均低于单一组分。当R12 TAC和SDS以等量比复配时 ,体系表现出良好的泡沫性能。其中起泡性参数Cs为 1.99mmol/L ,Rmv 为0 86 ,稳泡性参数Ct为 2 .5 0mmol/L ,t1/ 2 m 为 91.5s。对相互作用参数的计算表明 ,该复配体系具有强烈的增效作用     

Surfactant-like Properties of Alkaline Extracts from Wastewater Biosolids

In order to assess the potential for utilizing wastewater biosolids as a source of useful substances, the surface activity of materials extracted from wastewater biosolids (activated sludge) by simple incubation with sodium hydroxide solutions at room temperature was assessed. The surface activity, measured by surface and interfacial tension methods, of the extracts was shown to be dependent on the extraction pH and the concentration of the organic matter solubilized in the alkaline solution. Increasing the extraction pH increased the surface activity of the extract (lower surface tensions), which is linked to the presence of more hydrophobic species in the extract. After adjusting the pH to more acidic values (e.g., pH = 4), the extracts retained their surface activity. The apparent CMC (critical micelle concentration) of pH 12.6 extracts was approximately 1,000 mg/L (based on total organic carbon or TOC), and the surface tension after CMC approximately 35 mN/m. While the CMC of the extract is significantly higher, when compared to a conventional surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS, CMC ~ 25 mg/L), its surface tension at CMC was comparable. Above its CMC, the pH 12.6 extract had similar interfacial tensions than SDBS against toluene, heptane and hexadecane. Furthermore, the extract and SDBS had similar detergency performance for the removal of hexadecane from cotton. Skin corrosivity tests of the neutralized extracts show that they have comparable toxicity to conventional anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. The potential use of these extracts in commercial products is discussed.     

表面活性剂对气体水合物生成过程的定量影响

为确定HCFC?141b水合物生成条件下阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的临界胶束浓度(CMC),在0~20℃温度下,通过圆环法实验研究了不同浓度表面活性剂溶液体系的表面张力,考察了表面活性剂对溶液体系表面张力的影响机理并通过C3H8水合物的生成过程实验进行了验证,确定了SDS和SDBS的临界胶束浓度. 结果表明,当SDS和SDBS的质量浓度分别低于500?10?6和100?10?6时,表面活性剂降低水表面张力的效果最明显,二者的CMC分别为1950?10?6和400?10?6,表面活性剂能明显缩短水合反应的诱导时间,提高了其平均生成速率.     

表面活性剂的复配及对甲维盐微乳剂物理稳定性的影响

通过测定不同类型的单一及复配型表面活性剂水溶液的临界胶束浓度和表面张力,研究了它对w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性的影响。膦酸酯类阴离子表面活性剂A的临界胶束浓度为1．79×10-4 mol／L,表面张力为28．90 mN/m;苄基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段型非离子表面活性剂B(EPE型)的临界胶束浓度为 1.91×10-4 mol/L,表面张力为20．70 mN/m;按m(A):m(B)=2:3形成的复配型表面活性剂2#的水溶液的临界胶束浓度为9．30×10-5 moL/L,表面张力为25．66 mN/m。当w(2#)=10％时,配制w(甲维盐)=1％的微乳剂物理稳定性最佳,各项指标均合格。     

C_8NCl-SDS复配体系相互作用参数和增溶能力的研究

3 辛氧基 2 羟丙基三甲基氯化铵 (C8NCl)和十二烷基硫酸钠 (SDS)复配体系具有很好的表面活性 ,βσ 和 βM 较大的负值显示了二者之间较强的增效作用。当C8NCl和SDS等物质的量混合时 ,体系的表面张力 (γCMC)低至 2 5 6mN m ,βσ 和 βM 可分别达到 - 17 6 2和 - 15 0 2 (γ =42mN m时 )。另外 ,对该体系增溶某些有机物的行为进行了初步探索。     

A Star-Shaped Anionic Surfactant: Synthesis,Alkalinity Resistance,Interfacial Tension and Emulsification Properties at the Crude Oil–Water Interface

In this research, a star‐shaped surfactant was synthesized through the chlorination reaction, alkylation reaction and sulfonation reaction of triethanolamine, which is composed of three hydrophobic chains and three sulfonate hydrophilic groups. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant was measured by the surface tension method, and the results showed that it had high surface activity with CMC of 5.53 × 10^?5 mol/L. The surfactant was superior in surface active properties to the reference surfactants SDBS and DADS‐C₁₂. The interfacial tension (IFT) of the studied crude oil–water system (surfactant concentration 0.1 g/L, NaOH concentration 0.5 g/L, and experimental temperature 50 °C) dropped to 1.1 × 10^?4 mN/m, which can fulfil the requirement of surfactants for oil displacement. An aqueous solution of the surfactant and crude oil was emulsified by shaking, which formed a highly stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion with particle size of 5–20 μm. The oil displacement effect was almost 12%.     

十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵与其他表面活性剂的复配性能

研究了十八烷基甲基二羟乙基溴化铵(OMDAB)分别与十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、甜菜碱复配体系的稳定性、表面张力及协同作用。结果表明,在很稀的溶液中复配体系表现出良好的稳定性。与LAS、SDS及甜菜碱复配后表面张力均比单一组分的表面张力低。OMDAB/SDS体系和OMDAB/LAS体系的泡沫性能、乳化性能和柔软性能有显著的增效作用,润湿性能无增效作用。OMDAB/甜菜碱体系的泡沫性能、乳化性能和润湿性能增效作用显著,柔软性能和杀菌性能增效作用并不显著。可以考虑在洗涤剂中加入少量的OMDAB,既可以提高洗涤剂的功效和档次,同时也可降低生产成本。     

温度对等摩尔CTAB-SDS复配体系表面张力及乳化性能的影响

测定了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及它们等摩尔复配体系在不同温度下的表面张力及乳化性能。复配体系的γCMC从10℃的63.67 mN/m下降到90℃的36.38 mN/m,比相应单一体系的γCMC还略低,表现出高温下较高的表面活性。相应的单一体系的CMC值变化不明显,而CTAB-SDS体系的CMC却减少近一半。这些表面活性剂形成的乳液稳定性随温度升高而下降,与表面活性无关。90℃时复配体系的乳液分出10 mL水层的时间只需0.37 m in,使中和电荷加高温有可能成为一种较好的破乳方法,高温时等摩尔CTAB-SDS的高表面活性与所形成乳液的不稳定性使其有可能较好地应用于催化一些两相反应。