LDPE／LLDPE共混物熔体挤出流动性的研究

考察了毛细管挤出过程中LDPE/LLDPE共混物熔体的流动行为及其影响因素。发现熔体的末端压力损失△P_(end)随LDPE的质量分数Φ_(LD)的增加而增大,并与表现剪切速率γ成指数律关系;熔体的剪切流动大体上服从指数律;熔体粘度对剪切速率的敏感性随着Φ_(LD)的增加而增强,而对温度的依赖关系可由形如Arrhenius方程的表达式描述。     

超高摩尔质量聚乙烯薄膜挤出成型有限元模拟

建立了超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)薄膜熔体挤出成型有限元模型,采用鱼尾式机头设计了厚度为1mm、幅度为100 mm的UHMWPE薄膜挤出模具,基于有限元软件Polyflow对挤出流道内熔体的流动开展了有限元模拟,采用不同几何模型分别获得了流道内熔体速度和压力的分布规律。分析了有无阻流块、有无稳流区和不同长度成型区对流动的影响,获得了阻流块高度、稳流区长度、成型区长度对挤出成型的影响规律和影响效果,对UHMWPE薄膜挤出口模设计给出了建议。     

PE–HD/GF复合带共挤数值模拟与实验制备

基于复合共挤成型原理,建立了高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合共挤有限元模型,采用有限元软件Polyfl ow对流道内熔体的三维等温非牛顿流动行为进行了数值模拟,给出了GF以不同速度移动时流道内熔体压力和速度的分布特点及变化规律。根据数值模拟结果确定了挤出工艺参数,研制了共挤模具,制备了PE–HD/GF复合带,并进行了力学性能测试。结果表明,随着GF移动速度的提高,流道内压力减小,熔体在复合成型段挤出速度明显增加;GF移动速度达到一定值时熔体挤出速度均匀,移动速度过大则导致熔体速度分布不均匀。研制的PE–HD/GF复合带拉伸强度保留率可达GF的82%。     

自增强HDPE棒材的结构及力学性能

通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热法、广角X射线衍射分析与力学性能测试,研究了自增强高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)棒材微观结构特点和力学性能。结果表明,自增强HDPE棒材呈现明显的皮芯结构,表皮的结晶度高达75．88％,芯部的组织和结构与普通注塑试样最相近;与普通HDPE试样相比,自增强HDPE棒材的微晶尺寸和结晶度大幅提高,晶面间距几乎未变化,内部存在大量的微纤结构。制备的自增强HDPE棒材的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为220．6 MPa和152．9 MPa,均为未增强试样的近10倍。     

PE-LLD和PE-LD熔体高速挤出特性的对比研究

采用恒速型双毛细管流变仪对比研究了PE—LLD和PE—LD熔体在高速挤出时的挤出压力振荡现象、流动曲线和挤出物外观的变化，探讨了两种PE发生挤出畸变的机理。结果表明，高速流场中PE—LLD熔体在整个毛细管上的挤出压力降发生规律性振荡，振荡幅度为1．5MP8左右，此时流动曲线发生断裂，断裂前曲线斜率为10^-1数量级，而断裂后变为10^-2数量级；而PE—LD熔体在口模入口处的压力降发生振荡，振幅为0．2MP8左右，流动曲线不发生断裂。综合分析认为，PE—LLD的挤出畸变是由于熔体／毛细管壁的边界条件变化引起的，而PE-LD的挤出畸变是由于毛细管入口处熔体的应力集中引起的。     

Sc-CO_2辅助聚合物挤出中螺杆结构对熔体压力的影响

采用Polyflow软件对双螺杆挤出机内不同螺杆元件所形成流道中的熔体流动进行了模拟,分析了不同螺杆元件的建压能力。结合超临界二氧化碳(Sc-CO2)辅助挤出的螺杆组合原则,对不同螺杆元件组合的螺杆结构进行了挤出实验;并通过对熔体压力的模拟值与实际测量值的比较,分析了不同螺杆结构对熔体压力的影响;另外还针对不同材料的挤出加工确定了相应的螺杆结构。     

聚乙烯熔体的挤出畸变与非线性粘弹性的关系

采用毛细管流变仪等仪器研究了一类聚乙烯熔体的挤出畸变与熔体非线性粘弹性的关系。实验发现线形大分子或带小侧基的大分子熔体，容易发生壁滑和挤出压力振荡；而有较大侧基、或相对分子质量分布宽、或带大量短支链的熔体，挤出畸变现象较轻。挤出畸变与熔体的弹性及熔体一壁面吸附状态紧密相关：容易发生壁滑和挤出压力振荡的熔体，弹性较大(人口压力降大)；在壁面的吸附作用强(壁面临界剪切应力大).稳态剪切粘度大小与挤出畸变和压力振荡的关系不大；而拉伸应力和拉伸粘度大的熔体较易发生壁滑和挤出压力振荡。     

不同高密度聚乙烯发泡体系的挤出发泡行为研究

通过挤出成型的方法制备了7600M, 5000S和5200B 3个牌号高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)及其纳米蒙脱土(nano-OMMT)复合材料的发泡样品,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了7600M,5000S和5200B的结晶行为,使用真密度计和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试了3个牌号 PE-HD及其nano-OMMT复合材料发泡样品的密度和电镜照片。结果表明,熔体流动速率对于发泡过程有很大影响,3种PE-HD中,熔体流动速率居中的5200B发泡效果最好,发泡剂用量为2份时,发泡样品的密度达到0. 59 g/crn3;加入nano-OMMT可以改善熔体流动速率较高的树脂的发泡效果。     

芯棒式管材挤出机头的流动模拟分析

以实测高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的性能参数为基础,提出了以挤出口模壁面附近的剪切速率、壁面附近的熔体流动速度与管中心熔体流动速度之比值来描述速度变化、用压力梯度描述压力变化的观点,采用Ansys、Matlab软件对芯棒式管材机头中挤出HDPE薄壁管的成型过程进行了模拟,并系统地描述、分析了成型段的长度及入口压力、入口速度发生变化时对成型段上的速度分布和压力分布的影响,得到了成型段长厚比与入口压力的优化值。     

壁面滑移条件下UHMWPE单螺杆挤出过程有限元模拟

在壁面滑移条件下建立了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)单螺杆挤出过程有限元模型,模拟了不同滑移系数对挤出成型过程的影响。由Navier线性滑移定律建立了螺杆壁面熔体所受剪切应力与熔体滑移速度之间的关系,基于Polyflow软件,采用不同滑移系数对单螺杆计量段内UHMWPE熔体的三维等温流动开展了有限元模拟,获得了熔体的速度、压力的分布规律。结果表明:滑移系数增大,沿着螺槽方向的速度和垂直于螺槽方向的速度明显增大,螺杆的均化质量和挤出产量明显提高;但熔体在螺槽间的压力降增大,易导致挤出过程不稳定。     

The effect of processing conditions on the mechanical properties and morphology of self‐reinforced wood‐polymer composite

Highly oriented self‐reinforced round rods were produced from wood‐polymer composite (WPC) by solid‐state extrusion through a conical die. The effects of processing parameters such as draw ratio and die temperature on density, physical properties, and molecular morphology of the rods were systematically investigated. The WPC rods show an increase in density and significant improvements in the tensile properties at higher draw ratio. The tensile strength and modulus reach to 81.6 and 2200 MPa, respectively, at draw ratio of 8. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction were used to observe the morphology of self‐reinforced rods and it was found uniquely fibrous and highly oriented throughout the profiles. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1567–1574, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Structure and properties of polycaprolactone/ibuprofen rods prepared by melt extrusion for implantable drug delivery

In this study, the structure and properties of polycaprolactone/ibuprofen (PCL/IBP) rods prepared by melt extrusion were investigated by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, flexural tests, dynamic mechanical analysis and drug release analysis. The crystallinity values for the PCL/IBP rods were lower than that for the pure PCL rods. The PCL/IBP rods had higher values for the flexural modulus compared with the pure PCL rods prepared using the same processing temperature, suggesting that ibuprofen has a hardening effect when dispersion in a PCL matrix. Rods prepared at a processing temperature of 130 °C had the highest flexural modulus and glass transition temperature, probably due to better drug dispersion in the PCL matrix at lower temperature. The surfaces of PCL/IBP rods prepared at 150 °C had small particles and molten drug was deposited on the surface. This is probably due to the low melt temperature of ibuprofen and thus at high temperatures the ibuprofen phase migrates from the PLC matrix to the rod surface. The PCL/IBP rods prepared using different processing temperatures provided different drug release behaviors, with fast or slow drug release depending on the ibuprofen distribution. This feature is of great interest in relation to producing implantable drug delivery rods for acute inflammatory crisis or therapeutic treatments via controlled release.     

在单方向往复低剪切力场中生成双向自增强HDPE试样的研究——(Ⅰ)试样制备及工艺条件对力学性能的影响

介绍在动态保压注塑成型技术提供的单方向往复低剪切应力场作用下来制备双向自增强试样。作者设计并制造了成型装置，初步研究了其成型原理、成型工艺、探讨了自增强效果与各工艺条件之间的关系。结果表明，采用本文所述的动态保压注塑成型技术显著提高了ＨＤＰＥ试样的力学性能——流动方向和垂直流动方向的拉伸强度均从２５ＭＰａ提高到３６ＭＰａ以上，达到了双向自增强的效果。自增强ＨＤＰＥ试样的拉伸强度强烈依赖于熔体的流动条件：流动方向的拉伸强度随液压站输出压力的提高而提高，垂直流动方向的拉伸强度则有一个对应最大拉伸强度的液压站输出压力；模具温度对拉伸强度的影响与压力对拉伸强度的影响相类似；熔体温度的提高有利于两个方向拉伸强度的提高；保压周期太长或太短均会使拉伸强度下降。     

Improving rheological property of polymer melt via low frequency melt vibration

A pulse pressure was superimposed on the melt flow in extrusion, called vibration extrusion. A die (L/D = 17.5) was attached to this device to study the rheological properties of an amorphous polymer (ABS) and semicrystalline polymer (PP, HDPE), prepared in the vibration field, and the conventional extrusion were studied for comparison. Results show that the melt vibration technique is an effective processing tool for improving the polymer melt flow behavior for both crystalline and amorphous polymers. The enhanced melt rheological property is also explained in terms of shear thinning criteria. Increasing with vibration frequency, extruded at constant vibration pressure amplitude, the viscosity decreases sharply, and so does when increasing vibration pressure amplitude at a constant vibrational frequency. The effect of vibrational field on melt rheological behavior depends greatly on the melt temperature, and the great decrease in viscosity is obtained at low temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5292–5296, 2006     

环氧树脂E-44反应增容尼龙6/废印刷电路板非金属粉复合材料的力学性能和热变形温度研究

用环氧树脂E-44作为反应性的增容剂,采用熔融共混方法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/废印刷电路板非金属粉(N-PCB)复合材料。研究了E-44用量、挤出温度以及N-PCB粉末的粒径大小对PA6/N-PCB复合材料力学性能和热变形温度的影响。对复合材料抽提残留物的红外分析实验结果表明E-44与PA6/N-PCB复合材料中PA6以及N-PCB粉末表面发生了化学键合。添加1.25份E-44的PA6/N-PCB复合材料与纯PA6相比,其拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量最大增幅分别为29%、49%、73%和72%,热变形温度提高了42.8℃,但其韧性降低。与未加增容剂相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度最大增幅分别为9%、8%和43%,热变形温度提高了9.3℃。     

高填充性聚丙烯基纳米复合材料挤出胀大行为研究

使用毛细管流变仪考察了3种高填充聚丙烯（PP）纳米复合材料的挤出胀大行为,研究了口模温度、剪切速率、熔体压力、纳米粒子填充比例和纳米粒子形貌对PP纳米复合材料熔体挤出胀大比的影响。结果表明,3种PP纳米复合体系熔体的挤出胀大比均随口模温度的增加而减小,且大致呈线性关系;随着剪切速率的增大而增加,且随着填料填充比例的增加有减小的趋势;随着熔体压力的增大而增加,并且随着熔体压力的增加,其挤出胀大比随填料填充比例的增加而减小的幅度下降;3种颗粒形貌纳米粒子填充体系中,在相同的体积分数和温度下,片状结晶纳米氢氧化镁［Mg（OH）2］填充体系熔体挤出胀大比最小,球状纳米碳酸钙（CaCO3）填充体系熔体挤出胀大比最大,棒状粒子埃洛石纳米管（HNTs）填充体系熔体挤出胀大比介于两者之间。     

Processing–morphology–property relationships of polypropylene–graphene nanoplatelets nanocomposites

Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared via melt extrusion. A special sheet die containing with two shunt plates was designed. The relationships among the flow field of the special die, exfoliation, and dispersion morphology of the GNPs in PP and the macroscopic properties of the nanocomposites were analyzed. Flow field simulation results show that the die with shunt plates provided a high shear stress, high pressure, and high velocity. The differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray scattering, and electron microscopy results reveal that the nanocomposites prepared by the die with the shunt plates had higher crystallinity values and higher exfoliation degrees of GNPs. The orientation of the GNPs parallel with the extrusion direction was also observed. The nanocomposites prepared by the die with shunt plates showed a higher electrical volume conductivity, thermal conductivity, and tensile properties. This indicated that the high shear stress exfoliated the GNPs effectively to a thinner layer and then enhanced the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44486.     

Structure and properties of microfibrillar‐reinforced composites based on thermoplastic PET/LDPE blends after manufacturing by means of pultrusion

In situ microfibrillar‐reinforced composites (MFC) based on blends from poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared under industrial relevant conditions by melt extrusion, followed by continuous cold drawing in weight ratios of PET/LDPE equal to 50/50. Test specimens were prepared by pultrusion (Pult) of the drawn blend at a processing temperature below the melting temperature of PET. This was the first attempt to pultrude such a material. By varying the Pult parameters, rectangular cross‐sectional profiles have been successfully produced using a self‐designed Pult line. For comparison, plates were also prepared by compression (CM) and injection molding (IM). Samples of each stage of MFC manufacturing and processing were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and mechanical testing. SEM and WAXS showed that the highly oriented blends are converted into MFC‐structured polymer–polymer composites during the Pult, CM, and IM process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

聚合物的熔体强度及其测试技术

分析了聚合物的结构因素包括熔体流动速率、长支链、共聚单体和相对分子质量分布以及测试条件包括温度、挤出速率和拉伸长度对熔体强度的影响。重点介绍了用熔体强度仪和熔体流动速率测试仪测试熔体强度的两种测试方法,并且通过实验验证了熔体流动速率测试仪测试熔体强度是一种简单可行的方法。同时提出了一种新型的加工技术,电磁动态挤出成型技术可以有效地提高聚合物熔体的强度。     

纳米PET树脂及其工程塑料应用

通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混技术，将蒙脱土以纳米尺度分散在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)基体树脂中制得纳米复合PET树脂。蒙脱土在与PET树脂结合前，先经过了有机化处理。X-射线衍射结构分析表明，蒙脱土层间距依次按照纯蒙脱土、有机化蒙脱土、PET复合蒙脱土的顺序从1．3nm增大到2．3nm。直至3．1nm。透射电子显微镜图象显示，纳米分散的层状硅酸盐的片层厚度平均在30nm左右。纳米复合PET具有良好的熔体强度、快速结晶、良好机械强度等性能，是开发耐热、增强、阻燃工程塑料的良好基础树脂。