木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸复合高吸水树脂的制备

以木薯淀粉、硅藻土、丙烯酸为原料,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制备了木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸复合高吸水树脂。分别对引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸与淀粉的摩尔比、中和度、硅藻土用量进行单位因素实验和正交实验,并通过极差分析对影响材料吸水率的因素做统计分析。最佳的反应工艺条件为:以丙烯酸单体质量为基准,引发剂用量0.55%,交联剂用量0.06%,丙烯酸与淀粉摩尔比10.5,中和度75%,硅藻土用量18%。在此条件下合成的木薯淀粉-硅藻土-丙烯酸高吸水性树脂吸水、吸盐率分别为912 g/g,94 g/g。     

环保型木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸共聚物的合成研究

以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂.考察了淀粉含量、中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量等因素对反应的影响.结果表明:在木薯淀粉含量为10%,引发剂用量为0.3%,交联剂用量为0.025%,丙烯酸与氢氧化钠的中和度为85%的条件下,制备得到的吸水性树脂吸水率达1355 g·g-1,其吸水速率快、加压保水能力强、热稳定性好.     

表面改性法制备抑菌型淀粉系高吸水树脂的研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以改性淀粉和丙烯酸为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,接枝共聚制备改性淀粉系高吸水树脂,并对其进行表面改性制备了具有抑菌性能的高吸水树脂。通过单因素试验和正交试验探究了改性淀粉种类、丙烯酸溶液的中和度、反应温度、引发剂和交联剂用量等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响;探讨了表面改性过程中苦参总碱添加量与抑菌效果间的关系。结果表明,以交联B3淀粉为原料,当淀粉用量为丙烯酸质量的15%,糊化温度为75℃,糊化时间为20 min,丙烯酸溶液的中和度为75%,引发剂用量为丙烯酸质量的0.3%,交联剂用量为丙烯酸质量的0.02%,70℃条件下反应4 h时,可制备吸水性能较好的高吸水树脂;当苦参总碱用量达到25.7 mg/g时即可使树脂在自然环境下具有较好的抑菌效果。最终制备的抑菌型改性淀粉系高吸水树脂的吸水倍率为715 g/g,接枝率为90%,在60℃条件下8 h的保水率约为7%。     

淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂的紫外光聚合及性能研究

采用紫外光引发聚合的方法制备淀粉-丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂,研究了淀粉用量、单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂、光引发剂等因素对吸水率的影响。当固化时间15min,淀粉用量10%(占丙烯酸用量的质量百分比).光引发剂用量0.4%,交联剂用量0.02%,中和度85%,丙烯陂/丙烯酰胺(摩尔比)10.可制得吸水率为985.1g/g的吸水树脂。     

玉米秆制取吸水树脂的研究

以玉米秆为原料制取羧甲基纤维素钠,与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备吸水树脂.讨论了单体配比、丙烯酸中和度、交联剂用量及引发剂用量等因素对吸水性能的影响.实验发现,在丙烯酸单体与玉米秆质量比为8∶1、丙烯酸中和度为70%、交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为丙烯酸单体质量的0.24%、引发剂过硫酸钾为丙烯酸单体质量的3.5%、反应温度为60℃的条件下,所得树脂吸水倍率最高可达68 g/g.     

定型基质专用吸水树脂的初步研究

以过硫酸铵-亚硫酸钠为引发剂,采用溶液聚合法,用马铃薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸制备定型基质专用吸水树脂,考查反应温度、中和度、引发剂、交联剂用量对聚合物吸水率的影响。结果表明,反应温度为55.0℃,中和度为85%时,所制备的吸水树脂吸蒸馏水倍率为5.2043 g.g-1;吸盐水倍率为2.3638 g.g-1,吸水速率与定型基质亲水能力匹配良好。     

水溶液聚合小麦淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的研究

以小麦淀粉与丙烯酸为原料,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成高吸水性复合树脂。考察了丙烯酸的中和度、淀粉/单体比例、引发剂、交联剂等对聚合反应和树脂性能的影响。通过正交试验优选出物料的最佳配比:丙烯酸的中和度为90%,引发剂用量为0.5%,交联剂用量为0.05%,淀粉含量为10%。制备得到的吸水性复合树脂吸水率达1060g.g-1,性能优于聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂的合成

以淀粉为主要原料,丙烯酸（AA）为接枝单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备高吸水性树脂。探讨了淀粉、引发剂和交联剂用量,丙烯酸中和度等因素对产物吸水性能的影响,结果表明,在聚合温度为50℃,淀粉、引发剂和交联剂用量分别为丙烯酸用量的10%、0.7%和0.03%的条件下,所制备的高吸水性树脂的吸蒸馏水和生理盐水能力最高可达786 g/g和79 g/g。     

TAAB交联的聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺吸水树脂的高温耐水解性能

针对现有吸水树脂高温易水解的缺陷,以四烯丙基溴化铵为交联剂,偶氮二异丁咪唑啉盐酸盐为引发剂,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为共聚单体,采用水溶液聚合法制备了一种高温耐水解型吸水树脂,并通过单因素实验法对聚合条件进行优化。结果表明:交联剂用量、引发剂用量、丙烯酰胺用量分别占丙烯酸质量的0.16%,0.12%,20.00%,中和度为75%时,吸水树脂在180℃条件下表现出良好的耐水解性能,吸水倍率可达362 g/g;吸水树脂在pH值为5~9的溶液中表现出良好的耐酸碱性能。     

蛋膜改性接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂的制备及性能研究

以废弃蛋膜和丙烯酸为主要原料,以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酸胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了改性蛋膜-聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂。考察了聚合温度、引发剂和交联剂的用量以及改性蛋膜用量等各因素对树脂吸水倍率的影响。结果表明,聚合温度70℃,改性蛋膜用量为单体质量的10%,丙烯酸中和度为70%,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.1%,交联剂用量为单体质量的0.12%,树脂的吸水倍率可达667 g/g,在0.9%的NaCl溶液中吸盐水倍率达到106 g/g,其吸水速率较快。IR初步表明了蛋膜与丙烯酸的接枝聚合作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.