基于RBI技术的储罐完整性风险评价研究

阐述了基于RBI技术的储罐完整性风险评价方法,并对某厂的6台储罐进行了应用研究,得出各储罐底板和壁板的失效可能性和失效后果,分析出风险等级并给出相应的检验策略;利用声发射检测技术对RBI评估结果进行验证,结果表明储罐RBI风险评价方法具有较高的可靠性。     

基于腐蚀的常压储罐定量RBI方法

根据API 581基于风险的检验(RBI)原理,进行常压储罐定量RBI研究,建立储罐壁板和底板的失效可能性、失效后果与风险等级的分析方法.通过此方法,可针对储罐不同的失效可能性等级和风险等级制定相应的检验策略,达到降低风险的目的,确保长周期安全运行.     

常压储罐群RBI技术的应用与漏磁检测

根据基于风险的检验(RBI)原理,对某储罐群进行了风险评估,得到了储罐壁板和底板的失效可能性、失效后果与风险等级。结合RBI分析结果,针对储罐的主要失效模式及损伤机理制定了相应的检验策略。选取中高风险储罐开罐实施底板漏磁检测,并与评估结果进行对比分析,验证了储罐RBI技术的可靠性,有效降低了罐群运行风险。     

大型原油储罐RBI技术应用浅析

基于风险的检验技术(RBI)近年来逐步应用于大型常压储罐的风险评估。通过整理某储运公司240台大型原油储罐RBI评估结果,本文分析了风险等级和下次检验时间结果呈现的主要特征,研究了用途、保温、首次投用时间等因素对储罐安全使用寿命的影响,并指出影响评估结果的主要因素。     

基于风险的检验技术在地面常压储罐群中的应用

根据API RP 581-2008《基于风险的检测技术》中基于风险的检验原则,采用RBI Onshore 5.2软件对某化工企业装置中的21台地面常压储罐进行了RBI风险评估,定量计算出每个储罐壁板和底板的失效可能性、失效后果以及风险大小。通过对RBI结果的分析,针对底板高损伤因子储罐制定了相应的检验策略,将检验的重点集中在高风险设备上,为企业降低成本的同时提高了设备的安全性和可靠性。     

石油储罐设备基于风险管理中的预知性检验

本文简要介绍RBI技术的工作原理,RBI是一种有效地结合检验方法和周期性检验的技术,评估风险主要由失效概率和失效后果两个因素决定的。由储罐的失效模式,得出了石油储罐检验是根据RBI的预测的优越性和对策略制定的合理性。同时在RBI技术的国产化和推广上也提出了一些要求。     

沿海石化企业石脑油储罐腐蚀检验策略探析

沿海地区某石化企业的4台石脑油储罐正式投入运营已达9年之久,在此期间从未组织过开罐检验。为了预防储罐泄漏事故的发生,企业计划采用RBI评估技术,来确定4台储罐开罐检验的时间,通过对4台储罐进行宏观检查、沉降观测、在线测厚等检查和RBI评估后发现,储罐的重点腐蚀减薄部位是储罐外边缘板和罐底板的外侧,有1台储罐的风险等级较高,应尽快组织开罐检验,其他3台储罐可按照生产任务综合考虑检验的周期和方式。事实证明,RBI评估技术可以优化储罐开罐检验周期,同时也为储罐防腐精准施检提供了新思路。     

基于RBI的海上储罐检维修优化

结合海上储罐检测的特点,将RBI(基于风险的检测计划)方法和结构分析结合起来,从腐蚀过程模拟及结构应力模拟两方面出发提出海上储罐检测计划的优化方式.     

天然气储备厂RBI分析与展望

以陕西某大中型天然气储备厂基于风险的检验(RBI)分析为例,简要介绍了RBI技术的步骤和方法,重点论述了将RBI定性分析与定量分析有机结合制定检验方案的机制。首先,针对储备厂每一个设备或结构给出定性的风险评估结果。然后,对定性风险最高的4个球形天然气储罐进行详细的定量分析,通过失效可能性和失效后果两个方面的考量,给出了确切的风险等级。最后,通过对此次评估结果的分析与思考,提出了RBI技术在国内实践的局限性以及今后的发展方向。     

RBI检测技术在长北天然气处理厂的应用

目前,长北天然气处理厂已经投运5年,部分压力容器、压力管道、常压储罐已经出现了不同程度的锈蚀,亟需开展相关检测评价工作。为避免以往检测的盲目性、无序性、投入大、准确性低等弊端,我们提出了建立在风险分析基础之上的管道检测（RBI）与评价方法。基于风险的检测技术方法（risk—basedinspection）,RBI是近十年来国内引进的一门新兴学科,是针对设备的风险提出以优化设备检验和管理的一种系统方法．我们引入国内外管道无损检测的最新技术,对厂内设备、容器、管道的腐蚀情况实施精确检测和定量分析,做到对危险设备重点监控,从而提高设备运行的安全性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。