生态因子对煤系地下水中硫酸盐还原菌生长的影响

从淮南潘北煤矿深层地下水中培养出硫酸盐还原菌(SRB),进行实验研究分析。采用不同的pH、盐度、温度、C/S比对SRB适宜生态条件进行实验,结果表明:其最适pH为7.0~8.0,最适盐度为1.12%,最适温度为30~40℃,在C/S比为0.42时,生长最好,其SO42-还原效果最好。     

硫酸盐还原菌对20#钢腐蚀行为的影响

为了研究油气田现场生产工况下硫酸盐还原菌对20#钢腐蚀行为的影响,本文通过细菌培养实验、腐蚀失重实验等实验方法,利用激光共聚焦显微镜,扫描电镜等仪器,研究了矿化度、温度、H_2S、CO_2对硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)生长活性及对20#钢腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:矿化度升高影响SRB细菌活性,SRB细菌导致的腐蚀行为减弱;温度变化对SRB细菌生长活性影响较大,高温下腐蚀主要由溶液自身环境造成;H_2S分压、CO_2分压对SRB细菌生长影响不大。     

硫酸盐还原菌的环境适应性研究

采用S培养基培养的方法对硫酸盐还原菌（一下简称“SRB”）进行了分离与鉴定。实验通过对SRB的生理性和生化特性的了解,结合其生存条件和存在状态进行研究,得出了主要的环境因素中pH值和温度对SRB活性的影响关系,并提出采用合适的环境因素来更好地控制SRB的生长代谢活动,以寻求有效的防治措施来控制硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀,延长有关设备的正常使用寿命。     

采油废水中硫酸盐还原菌催化电解杀菌技术研究

采油废水中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)所造成的注水系统的腐蚀、结垢和阻塞严重影响着原油的开发与生产。催化电解杀灭SRB的实验指出,在工艺条件为p H=5.0、D=25m A/cm2、d=2cm、t=30min时SRB杀菌率达100%。实验研究成果将为今后油田水处理工艺的改造提供理论依据和技术支持。     

硫酸盐还原菌转化Zn~(2+)的实验研究

含锌离子的工业废水的处理是当前一个重要的环境问题。硫酸盐还原菌可以还原硫酸盐生成H2S,通过与重金属生成稳定的化合物而除去重金属离子,因而研究在不同的温度和浓度下硫酸盐还原菌对锌离子的转化效率很有意义。本文通过研究不同初始p H值、培养温度、重金属初始浓度对硫酸盐还原菌处理重金属离子效果的影响,得出最适的还原条件。     

榆树林油田硫化氢产生原因与防护措施实验研究

针对榆树林油田采油井和地面集输管线产生H_2S的问题,首先,对榆树林油田检测数据进行分析,理论研究H_2S产生的可能原因,然后采用室内实验研究的方法,分别进行了热化学还原实验和硫酸盐还原菌培养实验。研究结果表明:气驱井产生的H_2S来源于注入的CO_2气源和地层中的硫酸盐热化学还原作用;水驱井产生的H_2S来源于地层中的硫酸盐热化学还原作用和油管中硫酸盐还原菌的异化还原作用;集输管线中的H_2S来源于附着在管壁和罐壁的硫酸盐还原菌,其最高的生长温度为70℃,且CO_2环境不会影响其生长。针对不同的H_2S产生原因制定了不同的防护措施,研究成果为榆树林油田H_2S风险防控和安全生产提供了理论指导。     

硫酸盐还原菌引起的腐蚀及微生物防控研究进展

综述了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）引起的微生物腐蚀作用机理,同时介绍了应用异养反硝化菌与SRB的生长空间和营养物质的竞争作用以及自养反硝化菌与SRB的拮抗作用及降低来源于SRB的硫化物,起到防止硫酸盐还原菌对油田管道的微生物腐蚀作用。     

反硝化抑制油田采出水中SRB的效果研究

以硫酸去除率及硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB)的数量为指标,研究硝酸盐和反硝化细菌(denitrifying bacteria,DNB)对油田采出水中SRB的抑制作用。结果表明:在单独接种DNB (5%,体积分数)或投加硝酸盐浓度为100mg/L条件下,采出水中SRB的生长均受到有效抑制,其数量从104个/mL可降至10个/mL,硫酸盐去除率从25.5%分别降至6.8%和7.8%;当DNB (12.5%,体积分数)和硝酸盐(100mg/L)共同作用于采出水可使SRB的数量降至10个/mL以下,其硫酸盐去除率降至2.4%,两者对SRB的抑制作用具有协同作用。     

换热设备微生物污垢的动态模拟及影响因素分析

在水温及流速恒定的实验工况下,利用自行研制的循环冷却水动态模拟实验装置,通过模拟不锈钢管换热器在硫酸盐还原菌以及铁细菌存在时循环冷却水系统的结垢特性,验证了Fe2+浓度、COD、细菌总数等水质参数与微生物污垢之间的关联性。实验结果证明硫酸盐还原菌和铁细菌的是导致污垢热阻增加的直接因素;铁细菌会为硫酸盐还原菌的繁殖提供厌氧的条件,两种菌类协同作用,导致微生物污垢的形成速度增快。各水质参数之间相互影响,决了定微生物污垢的特性。水质参数检测结果表明：Fe2+的含量和硫酸根的含量决定铁细菌和硫酸盐还原菌数量的多少,进而影响管壁黏泥量,pH值、COD、氨氮与SRB和IB繁殖代谢密切相关,从而影响了微生物污垢的形成。     

海上油田腐蚀探析及防护

通过分析南海某油田现场主要技术指标,确定导致腐蚀的主要影响因素包括高矿化度的水质、高含量的CO2以及H2S和硫酸盐还原菌(SRB);其中SRB是此油田腐蚀产生的最重要影响因素,也是产生点蚀的关键因素。通过在油井井下加入季铵盐衍生物类型的缓蚀剂,并定期应用季铵盐复合杀菌剂对整个系统进行杀菌处理,使油田的腐蚀得到了很好的控制。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。