塑料制品注塑成型缺陷的成因分析

通过列举几种注塑成型过程中最为典型的几种缺陷,结合生产实际,从影响注塑成型制品质量的因素(产生的物理原因、注塑模具和制品结构、注塑工艺参数有关的原因、塑料材料)着手,分析了归纳注塑成型制品典型质量缺陷产生的原因,并提出了克服缺陷的具体改良措施。     

计算机模拟技术在注塑成型中的应用研究

注塑成型是热塑性塑料成型最常用的方法之一,采用计算机模拟技术能够为注塑过程提供有力的指导,减少缺陷的发生,保证制品质量。主要介绍了计算机模拟对特殊制品注塑过程的作用,对注塑过程缺陷的预测和改善。     

基于CAE技术对注塑制品流动模拟及缺陷分析

注塑成型工艺过程极其复杂且对制品质量有重要的影响,获得优化的工艺参数是改善制品质量的关键.文章以电话机面板外壳的成型工艺为研究对象,利用CAE技术对产品的注塑成型过程进行了模拟和分析.通过分析结果来确定制品注塑成型中的浇口位置,选择出填充均匀、熔接痕不明显和气穴位置集中的成型工艺.在此基础上,分析了注塑成型过程可能出现的缺陷,探讨了合理确定注塑成型工艺参数的途径.     

基于知识的注塑制品缺陷智能分析

重点分析了注射成型的工艺和制品质量的关系，通过引入注塑制品成型缺陷领域的专家经验和知识，获取相关设计知识并把它们表示成符合CLIPS语言规范的产生式规则形式，建立了注塑制品缺陷知识库，并采用CLIPS知识推理机完成了注塑制品缺陷的诊断，得到制品缺陷产生的原因以及相应的解决措施。给出的推理实例表明了该系统的实用性。     

巧用浇口解决注塑制品成型缺陷

通过对摩托车主梁上护盖制品材料、形状、成型缺陷等进行综合分析,合理地选择注塑模具的浇口位置和形式,解决了实际生产中的成型困难和制品缺陷,提高了制品质量。     

塑料成型加工实用技术讲座(第九讲)吹塑成型发展现状

介绍吹塑成型方法、吹塑成型控制因素及吹塑成型的新进展，讨论吹塑制品质量的影响因素和常见制品缺陷的改进方法。吹塑成型技术是仅次于挤出成型、注塑成型的第三类塑料成型方法，可生产具有复杂、不规则形状的中空制品。     

气辅注射成型实例

气辅注射成型气体注入的过程、控制法、成型效果及成型实例注塑工艺介绍,成型制品缺陷与处理方法。     

吹塑成型发展现状

介绍吹塑成型方法、吹塑成型控制因素及吹塑成型的新进展，讨论吹塑制品质量的影响因素和常见制品缺陷的改进方法。吹塑成型技术是仅次于挤出成型、注塑成型的第三类塑料成型方法，可生产具有复杂、不规则形状的中空制品。     

人工神经网络在注塑制品质量优化中的应用进展

大部分复杂的塑料制品均采用注射成型生产。注塑制品质量的预测和制品质量的优化是注射成型过程中的重要步骤。人工神经网络(ANN)作为人工智能最常用的方法已经被应用到注射成型中,但是,仍存在训练成本较高、构建模型复杂等缺陷。ANN预测模型可以拟合注塑过程,并且,优化注塑制品质量。以工艺参数和过程参数作为输入数据的ANN预测模型不仅可以预测注塑制品质量,还可以结合智能优化算法优化注塑工艺参数。并且,对减少ANN预测模型训练成本的方法进行了综述。最后,总结了ANN预测模型在注塑制品优化中的进展和发展方向。     

注塑成型中制品的缺陷原因及其对策

注塑成型是塑料成型中最重要的一种工艺,注塑制品应用于国民经济的各个领域。所谓热塑性树脂的注塑成型工艺,是指将树脂加热熔融,熔体借助压力注入模腔,经冷却固化而得到一定形状制品的成型方法。注塑过程中树脂需经过受热软化、熔融、注塑、保压、冷却定型等五个阶段的物理变化过程。树脂内部将会产生大分子定向、结晶以及残余应力等。由于注射成型过程中的成型条件（如注射压力、螺杆背压、注射速度、注射量、锁模力、料筒温度、模具温度）的选择不当或模具本身存在的问题,会使注塑制品出现许多不良现象和缺陷。归纳起来可分为五大类…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。