聚氨酯/无机纳米复合材料的应用研究进展

综述了无机纳米粒子改性聚氨酯复合材料在智能材料、导电材料、光学材料、生物医学材料等领域应用研究的进展,并对聚氨酯/无机纳米复合材料存在的问题和研究方向进行了展望。     

聚氨酯(脲)有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

对国内外聚氨酯(脲)有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述,主要介绍聚氨酯(脲)/层状硅酸盐和聚氨酯(脲)/无机刚性粒子2类有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备原理、结构与性能表征及其在弹性体、胶黏剂、涂料、膜分离和生物医学等方面的应用。     

聚氨酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料

综述了聚氨酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备、结构表征和热力学性能，对制备过程进行了热力学分析，并对其发展前景进行了讨论。聚氨酯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料是一种新型的有机／无机纳米复合材料。在无机材料含量远低于常规填充量的情况下复合材料就可以具有较好的力学性能、阻隔性，热稳定性能也显著提高。     

无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料的研究进展

介绍了无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料常用的两种方法和纳米粒子对改性纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能、导电性能等影响的研究,提出了无机纳米粒子改性硬聚氨酯泡沫塑料存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

纳米材料的表面改性技术及在聚氨酯中的应用

针时国内外聚氨酯有机-无机纳米复合材料的研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了聚氯酯改性研究中较常用的几种纳米材料以及纳米粒子的表面改性方法,并对聚氨酯纳米复合材料未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

不同无机纳米颗粒增强硬质聚氨酯的性能对比

采用原位聚合的方法制备了不同无机纳米颗粒(二氧化硅、二氧化钛、埃洛石纳米管、蒙脱土)增强聚氨酯复合材料,研究了不同无机纳米颗粒增强聚氨酯材料对力学性能和防水性能的影响以及纳米颗粒在基体中的分布情况。结果表明,四种无机纳米颗粒在不同程度上提升了硬质聚氨酯的力学性能,其中含有1%二氧化硅(SiO₂)和1%埃洛石纳米管(HNT)的聚氨酯基复合材料提升效果比较明显,相比于硬质聚氨酯,它们的拉伸强度分别提高了约14%和10%,断裂伸长率分别提高了约32.2%和29.7%;但是疏水性方面的提升效果并不显著。     

聚氨酯/无机纳米复合材料研究进展

阐述了近年国际国内在制备聚氨酯（PU）/无机纳米复合材料方面的研究进展情况,针对碳纳米管（CNTs）、石墨烯、氧化物纳米粒子、层状硅酸盐（PLS）等不同种类的无机纳米材料-聚氨酯复合体系研究重点、制备方法及性能特点进行了介绍,并对今后的研究应用方向和趋势做出了展望：将进一步研究无机纳米材料在聚氨酯基体具有更微观层次良好分散性的制备方法;复合材料微观相界面、反应机理方面的理论性研究将更为深入;无机纳米材料选择种类进一步延伸,拓展具有优异综合性能的多元复合体系研究领域;简化复合体系合成途径,降低生产成本,加快聚氨酯复合材料工业化进程。     

聚氨酯/无机粒子纳米复合材料的制备与应用进展

综述了国内外关于纳米层状硅酸盐和无机刚性纳米粒子改性聚氨酯的最新研究进展,其中纳米层状硅酸盐包括蒙脱土、累托石、海泡石、滑石粉等,无机刚性纳米粒子包括二氧化钛、二氧化硅、碳酸钙、氧化锌、氢氧化镁、纳米铋掺杂二氧化锡、碳纳米管、纳米金、纳米纤维素晶等。同时介绍了聚氨酯/无机粒子纳米复合材料在弹性体、泡沫塑料、涂料和胶黏剂等行业的应用研究现状,并对其发展前景做出展望。     

聚氨酯复合材料的研究进展

采用纳米填料制备聚合物基复合材料是改善聚氨酯耐老化性能及耐沾污性,拓展其应用领域的一种重要手段。综述了聚氨酯与蒙脱土、石墨烯、碳纳米管、纳米TiO_2、高岭土等无机材料制备的复合材料的研究进展。目前,这些复合材料大多停留在实验室研究阶段,应不断改进复合材料生产工艺,降低成本,尽快实现产业化;应解决和控制复合材料制备过程中有关粒子的分散与团聚问题;采用个性定制等方法实现聚氨酯复合材料性能的多功能化等是今后的主要研究方向。     

无机纳米材料/热塑性聚氨酯复合材料的研究进展

无机纳米材料具有高熔点、高耐氧化等优异性能,在热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)复合材料中具有广阔的应用前景。简要综述了氮化硼(BN)、碳纳米管(CNTS)等不同无机纳米材料的基本性质和优异性能,重点介绍了无机纳米材料/TPU复合材料的制备方法、性能的研究进展,提出了制备无机纳米材料/TPU复合材料存在的问题,并对未来新型纳米复合材料的制备进行了展望。     

聚氨酯/无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了偶联剂修饰法、溶胶-凝胶法、黏土插层法制备聚氨酯/无机纳米复合材料的最新进展,比较了3种制备方法的优缺点,分析了制备过程中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决办法。     

水性聚氨酯包封原生SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及表征

主要研究了SiO2 /水性聚氨酯 (WPU)无机 -有机纳米复合物的制备方法。TEM和动态光散射分析表明 ,SiO2 /WPU纳米复合物粒子分散于WPU胶束内部 ,粒径在 60nm左右 ,具有核 -壳型结构的纳米级微粒。体系有着良好的稳定性和透光性 ,并且其随着SiO2 含量的增加而降低。胶束良好的包覆作用 ,抑制了纳米粒子的团聚 ,是保持其良好的稳定性和较小粒径的原因     

Excellent Mechanical and Transparency Properties of Cationic Waterborne Polyurethane Films Modified by Boehmite Sol

The strategies for nanosol from metal alkoxide have enabled production of ultratransparent and mechanically robust polymer nanocomposites at extremely high loading. Herein, a simple approach to fabricate high‐performance polyurethane‐based nanocomposites via unmodified boehmite nanoparticles is reported. Evaluating their physical properties, the uniform dispersion of boehmite in the matrix caused nanocomposites retains ultrahigh transparency. Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular entanglement between boehmite and polyurethane brings about the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites material enhanced, i.e., strength, stiffness, and toughness. Optimized strength, stiffness, and toughness of Boehmite/Cationic waterborne polyurethane at 40 wt% (BNC40) are up to 58.1 MPa, 1096.7 MPa, 249.5 MJ m^?3, respectively. Furthermore, the feasibility and mechanism of polymer strengthening and toughening by inorganic rigid nanoparticles is explored from the aspects of crystallinity and micromorphology.     

Preparation of novel hydrophobic magnetic Fe3O4/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites

Magnetic Fe₃O₄/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites were synthesized based on waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and amino-functionalized Fe₃O₄ by in situ polymerization. The Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle was found to be uniformly distributed in Fe₃O₄/WPU nanocomposites with linear or crosslinked structure. In addition, the formation mechanism and magnetic conduction mechanism of stable inorganic–organic nanocomposites were discussed. The experimental results showed that the thermal stability, magnetic, and mechanical properties of magnetic Fe₃O₄/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites were improved by amino functionalized Fe₃O₄. Furthermore, the defoaming property of the emulsion and the hydrophobic property of magnetic Fe₃O₄/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites were improved by the 1-hexadecanol-terminated prepolymer. What more, polycaprolactone (PCL)-based Fe₃O₄/WPU nanocomposites have excellent mechanical properties (The tensile strength is over 30 MPa, the elongation rate is above 300%.) and magnetic properties. Magnetic Fe₃O₄/waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites will be used in the field of hydrophobic and microwave absorbent materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48546.     

Preparation of silicon dioxide/polyurethane nanocomposites by a sol–gel process

Aqueous emulsions of cationic polyurethane ionomers, based on poly(?‐caprolactone glycol) as soft segment, isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment, 3‐dimethylamino‐1,2‐propanediol as chain extender and potential ionic center, and hydrochloric acid as neutralizer, were mixed with tetraethoxysilane to prepare silicon dioxide–polyurethane (SiO₂/PU) nanocomposites by a sol–gel process during which the inorganic mineral is deposited in situ in the organic polymer matrix. The sizes and distributions of the particles were measured by dynamic light scattering, and the structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were observed by transmission electron microscope and FTIR spectrum. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2013–2016, 2004     

SiO2/聚氨酯纳米复合物的在位合成及其在环氧树脂中分散行为的研究

以水性阳离子聚氨酯纳米粒子为纳米微囊,利用原位水解法使正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在囊内水解、聚合生成二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子,从而合成出SiO2/聚氨酯纳米复合物的稳定水基乳液,实现纳米复合物中SiO2纳米粒子的均匀分散和良好的界面结合。并以此作为已表面改性的纳米粒子实现SiO2纳米粒子在环氧树脂的均匀分散。通过能谱扫描、透射电镜和乳液粒子粒径与分布等测试方式对含有环氧树脂的水性SiO2/聚氨酯纳米复合物进行测试。结果表明,SiO2/聚氨酯纳米复合物可以在环氧树脂中均匀分散且不团聚,同时也可促进环氧树脂在水中的分散。     

聚氨酯/石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展

石墨烯以其独特的结构和优异的性质,使其聚氨酯纳米复合材料成为重要的研究领域。介绍了石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料的制备方法。讨论了石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料的结构与性能。综述了石墨烯/聚氨酯纳米复合材料的主要应用。     

Analysis of the structure and mass transport properties of nanocomposite polyurethane

In this work, nanocomposite adhesives obtained using an organically modified montmorillonite (OMM) in a polyurethane matrix were studied. The basal distance of OMM before and after mixing with the polyol and after curing was characterized by X‐Ray diffraction. The viscosity of polyols‐OMM systems was studied as function of shear rate in a cone‐plate rheometer in order to correlate the viscosity with the aggregation state of OMM. A simple model accounting for an apparent increase of rheological units size associated with the intercalation of macromolecules into OMM galleries is proposed. Curing was performed at room temperature for 1 week. The basal distances of crosslinked PU nanocomposites were obtained by X‐ray diffraction. The glass transition temperature, T_g, of PU nanocomposites, as measured using differential scanning calorimetry, increases with increasing volume fraction of OMM. Finally, the permeability to oxygen and water vapor of polyurethane clay‐nanocomposites was measured. The gas permeation through the composites was correlated to the volume fraction of the impermeable inorganic part of the OMM. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers