共查询到15条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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溶液结晶技术在许多领域有着广泛的应用,其中结晶成核是溶液结晶的关键环节。以无水α-葡萄糖为研究对象,采用双频复合超声(25 k Hz+40 k Hz)强化糖液结晶成核,研究了溶液浓度、超声功率和作用时间对成核速率的影响,对单频和双频作用的晶核形态进行了对比,并采用碘化钾溶液中碘的释放量研究超声空化产额。研究结果表明:在同等条件下,双频复合超声降低了溶液成核的初始浓度,提高了成核速率,同时得到粒度均匀的晶核;双频复合超声的空化产额远高于单频25 k Hz超声和单频40 k Hz超声的空化产额,双频复合超声具有协同作用。双频复合超声强化溶液成核是一种快速、高效、节能的方法。 相似文献
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三价稀土离子(La^3 ,Lu^3 ,和Y^3 等)掺杂显著地提高了钨酸铅晶体的辐照硬度,但是部分Y^3 掺杂钨酸铅晶体表现出特殊的低剂量辐照行为,即光产额辐照后升高,并且辐照硬度对退火温度较敏感,研究研究挑选了存在这一现象的Y^3 :PbWO4晶体,测试冰同温度的退火处理对晶体透过率,光产额和辐照硬度的关系,发现,辐照后光产额升高的现象同时存在于晶体的晶种端,而不是只集中在晶体顶端,并且和辐照前后晶体在400-500nm波段附近的透过率变化有关;生长态Y^3 :PbWO4晶体中导致430nm吸收带的色心的稳定性很低,低剂量辐照对该色心有“漂白”作用,辐照剂量率加大则晶体表现出光产额的降低,分段晶体的系列退火实验解释了辐照硬度对退火温度较为敏感这一现象,为进一步深入研究提供了实验基础。 相似文献
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Sonochemical degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons using a batch and continuous flow system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sonochemical degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in aqueous solution was carried out in the batch and continuous flow systems at an ultrasonic frequency of 100kHz under an air atmosphere. In the batch experiment, the rate of degradation follows the order 1,1,1-trichloroethane>tetrachloroethylene>trichloroethylene, and the chlorinated hydrocarbon were readily degraded by ultrasonic irradiation. The experiments in the continuous flow system were performed in the range of volumetric flow rate from 7 to 30 x 10(-3)lmin(-1). The conversion of the chlorinated hydrocarbons at a steady-state of reactor depended on the volumetric flow rate. The yield of Cl(-) (as a measurement of mineralization of chlorinated hydrocarbons) was 70-90% of the chlorine atoms in the parent chlorinated hydrocarbon molecules. From the viewpoint of the scale-up process, the sonochemical degradation of trichloroethylene was simulated in a three stage reactor, and the conversion (>99%) in a third stage reactor was showed the good results that can be satisfied a desired water quality standard. 相似文献
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Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous solutions by ultrasonic irradiation 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Psillakis E Goula G Kalogerakis N Mantzavinos D 《Journal of hazardous materials》2004,108(1-2):95-102
The effect of various operating conditions (initial concentration, liquid phase temperature, applied power, ultrasound frequency) and of the presence of matrix components (1-butanol, NaCl and FeSO(4)) on the sonochemical degradation of naphthalene, acenaphthylene and phenanthrene in water has been studied. A horn-type sonicator was used to deliver the ultrasound energy, while immersion sampling solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS was employed to follow concentration-time profiles of the chosen PAHs. At the operating conditions in question (initial concentrations of 150, 300 and 450 microg/l, temperatures of 20 and 40 degrees C, applied power of 45, 75 and 150 W and ultrasound frequencies of 24 and 80 kHz), all PAHs were susceptible to sonochemical treatment and, in most cases, complete degradation could be achieved in up to 120 min of treatment. Conversion was found to decrease with increasing initial concentration and temperature and decreasing power and frequency as well as in the presence of an excess of dissolved salts. Addition of 1-butanol, a known hydroxyl radical scavenger, substantially suppressed degradation throughout the course of the reaction, thus highlighting the role of oxidation reactions in PAHs degradation. In contrast, addition of Fe(2+) ions at a low concentration enhanced degradation through a Fenton-like reaction. 相似文献