圆形微通的对流换热特性研究

针对圆形微通道内流体的强迫对流问题,利用分离变量法求解了考虑轴向热传导、速度滑移和温度跳跃、粘度耗散和入口效应等因素的圆形微通道的控制方程,给出了流体温度场和努塞尔数的计算表达式。对圆形微通道换热特性进行了数值仿真,结果表明,受尺寸效应的影响,管径越小,平均对流换热系数越大。微通道的换热能力比宏观经典通道强,表明在相同面积上做多个微通道比一个宏观大通道的换热效果好。     

Slip flow and variable properties of viscoelastic fluid past a stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with heat generation

This study examines theoretically and computationally the non-Newtonian boundary layer flow and heat transfer for a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching continuous sheet embedded in a porous medium with variable fluid properties, slip velocity, and internal heat generation/absorption. The flow in boundary layer is considered to be generated solely by the stretching of the sheet adjacent to porous medium with boundary wall slip condition. Highly nonlinear momentum and thermal boundary layer equations governing the flow and heat transfer are reduced to set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by appropriate transformation. The resulting ODEs are successfully solved numerically with the help of shooting method. Graphical results are shown for non-dimensional velocities and temperature. The effects of heat generation/absorption parameter, the porous parameter, the viscoelastic parameter, velocity slip parameter, variable thermal conductivity and the Prandtl number on the flow and temperature profiles are presented. Moreover, the local skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. Comparison of numerical results is made with the earlier published results under limiting cases.     

微尺度矩形管道中气体滑移流的三维数值分析

采用有限体积法计算了微尺度矩形管道中的气体三维流动,在计算中考虑了气体的可压缩性.当K nudsen数处于10-3和1-0 1之间时,稀薄效应造成气体与管壁面间的相对滑移和温度跳跃.数值分析结果给出了速度滑移边界条件对管道质量流量的影响.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction in a thin gold film heated by an ultra-fast-laser

Based on the dual-phase-lagging(DPL)heat conduction model,the Cattaneo-Vernotte(CV)model and the improved CV model we investigate the one-dimensional heat conduction in gold films with nano-scale thickness exposed to an ultra-fast laser heating.The influence of system parameters on the temperature field is explored.We find that for all the non-Fourier heat conduction models considered in this work,a larger Knudsen number normally leads to a higher temperature.For the DPL model,the large ratio of the phase lag of temperature gradient to the phase lag of heat flux reduces the maximum temperature and shortens the time for the system to reach its steady state.The CV model and the improved CV model lead to the similar thermal wave behavior of the temperature field,but the thermal wave speeds for these two models are different,especially for large Knudsen numbers.When the phase lag of temperature gradient is smaller,the difference between the DPL model and the improved CV model is not significant,but for the large phase lag of temperature gradient the difference becomes quite significant,especially for the large Knudsen number.In addition,the effect of the surface accommodation coefficient,which is a parameter in the slip boundary condition,on the temperature field of the gold film heated by ultra-fast laser pulses is investigated based on the DPL model.     

放热流体在多孔渗流水平圆柱外的自然对流

针对等温加热的多孔渗流水平圆柱体浸没在放热流体中的层流自然对流传热问题采用摄动法进行分析.圆柱体的多孔渗流特性用圆柱壁面的法向速度进行表示.通过摄动法对自然对流传热的边界层方程进行近似分析,并利用龙格-库塔方法求得方程的数值解,得到自然对流的速度与温度场以及沿圆柱体壁面的努塞尔数分布.结果表明,在有壁面外法向速度时,圆柱体的局部换热受到抑制;然而壁面吸入或流体放热效应都对局部努塞尔数有增强效果.圆柱体的平均努塞尔数随着流体放热的增加或壁面内法向速度的减小而降低.在流体放热恒定时,壁面流出效应对整体换热的影响并不明显.     

Simulation of rarefied gas flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Analysis and simulation of rarefied nitrogen gas flow and heat transfer were performed with the Knusden number ranging from 0. 05 to 1.0, using the direct simulation of Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The influences of the Kn number and the aspect ratio on the gas temperature and wall heat flux in the microchannels were studied parametrically. The total and local heat fluxes of the microchannel walls varying with the channel inlet velocities were also investigated in detail. It was found that the Kn number and the aspect ratio greatly influence the heat transfer performance of microchannels, and both the channel inlet and outlet have higher heat fluxes while the heat flux in the middle part of channels is very low. It is also found that the inlet free stream flow velocity has small affect on the wall total heat flux while it changes the distribution of local heat flux.     

LBE simulation of impinging stream inside a T-junction mixer

Lattice Boltzmann Equation (LBE) method is utilized to simulate impinging stream (IS) in a T-junction mixer using a TD2G9 model. It aims to investigate the influence of Reynolds number (Re), aspect ratio of outlet diameter to inlet diameter, ratio of opposite inlet velocities, and the thermal boundary conditions on flow, mixing and heat transfer characteristics. In particular, the vortex evolution, velocity distribution, mixing index and Nusselt number (Nu) distribution in the T-junction mixer are explored in details. Four types of vortices and flow regimes are observed. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow and thermal fields, including vortex structure, transition of flow regimes, streamline and the Nusselt number distribution are discussed. Distinct quantitative transitions, even for dramatic change, are observed near the critical Re. At a low or moderate aspect ratio, the symmetric coherent structure is observed in an unstable flow regime. At a larger aspect ratio, the flow in the T-mixer becomes turbulent and asymmetric. The unequal injections velocities of the nozzles impose significant influence on the flow structure, mixing and heat transfer in vertical tube. Using larger difference between the two inlet velocities can result in more obvious change in flow characteristics. Moreover, mixing index is found to be valid in evaluating the mixing degree under a sinusoidal inlet velocity.     

多孔微通道扁管发展段流动换热特性实验研究

为了提高电子器件的散热能力,减少高温引起的器件性能降低和寿命缩短的问题,对多孔微通道平行流扁管单相对流换热在发展段高热流下的流动特性和换热能力进行对比研究,并从单双面加热、不同消除接触热阻的方法和不同热流密度3个方面对微通道发展段的换热能力的影响进行评价.该通道水力直径Dh=1.09 mm,高宽比α=0.85,雷诺数Re=206~4 553.实验结果显示:发展段的摩擦阻力特性层流区与经典理论较为吻合;实验管段单面加热比双面加热在换热能力上有明显增强,但随着Re的增加差距降低;消除接触热阻的方法对换热的影响差别明显不能忽略,采用钎焊的方法与填充导热硅脂的方法相比,可使加热件表面温度降低10℃;在Re1 000时,流体黏性变化对换热的影响较为明显,在高Re区域,不同热流密度下Nu值基本一致.     

套管式换热器注气强化传热数值模拟

为研究注气技术强化换热的效果,采用混合模型建立了立式套管式换热器的数学模型,对不同流动状态下的注气强化换热过程进行数值模拟,基于努塞尔数对强化换热性能进行评价,比较了不同流动状态下注气速度对换热器的速度场、温度场和压降的影响。结果表明,注入气泡能够促进流场产生垂直于壁面方向的运动,提高努塞尔数并降低压降,改善了换热器的换热性能;层流时强化换热效果最好,努塞尔数最大提升102%;过渡流和湍流状态下,气泡流速大小对努塞尔数和压降变化无明显影响。     

Characteristics of Convection Heat Transfer in Power-Law Fluid Saturated Porous Media Channel

幂律流体饱和多孔介质通道内对流换热特性

田兴旺¹,张琨¹,刘峰¹,王平²,徐士鸣²

（1.大连海洋大学 海洋与土木工程学院,辽宁 大连 116023;2.大连理工大学 能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024）

摘 要：

基于Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer流动模型和局部非热平衡模型,考虑黏性耗散效应的影响,建立了幂律流体在多孔介质通道内流动传热的一般模型。推导出无量纲速度分布和流、固温度分布的计算表达式,并在恒热流边界条件下,利用经典的四阶Runge-Kutta法进行了自编程序的数值求解。模拟结果表明,无量纲的相间传热系数Bi、有效导热系数比k、达西数Da,布林克曼数Br、综合惯性参数F等表征参数对无量纲流、固温度分布有着较大的影响,同时发现不同幂律指数的流体对流动传热特性也有着重要的影响。

关键词：粘性耗散;幂律流体;多孔介质;局部非热平衡;数值模拟

     

Convective heat and mass transfer in MHD mixed convection flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with thermal radiation

Mixed convection flow of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with radiative surface is studied. Radial sheet is considered to be convectively heated. Convective boundary conditions through heat and mass are employed. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Convergent series solutions of the resulting problems are derived. Emphasis has been focused on studying the effects of mixed convection, thermal radiation, magnetic field and nanoparticles on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Numerical values of the physical parameters involved in the problem are computed for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed.     

Equivalent thermal resistance minimization for a circular disc heat sink with reverting microchannels based on constructal theory and entransy theory

Thermal designs for microchannel heat sinks with laminar flow are conducted numerically by combining constructal theory and entransy theory. Three types of 3-D circular disc heat sink models, i.e. without collection microchannels, with center collection microchannels, and with edge collection microchannels, are established respectively. Compared with the entransy equivalent thermal resistances of circular disc heat sink without collection microchannels and circular disc heat sink with edge collection microchannels, that of circular disc heat sink with center collection microchannels is the minimum, so the overall heat transfer performance of circular disc heat sink with center collection microchannels has obvious advantages. Furthermore, the effects of microchannel branch number on maximum thermal resistance and entransy equivalent thermal resistance of circular disc heat sink with center collection microchannels are investigated under different mass flow rates and heat fluxes. With the mass flow rate increasing, both the maximum thermal resistances and the entransy equivalent thermal resistances of heat sinks with respective fixed microchannel branch number all gradually decrease. With the heat flux increasing, the maximum thermal resistances and the entransy equivalent thermal resistances of heat sinks with respective fixed microchannel branch number remain almost unchanged. With the same mass flow rate and heat flux, the larger the microchannel branch number, the smaller the maximum thermal resistance. While the optimal microchannel branch number corresponding to minimum entransy equivalent thermal resistance is 6.     

多孔介质方腔自然对流的直接数值模拟

为了研究多孔介质方腔的自然对流传热,通过在方腔内布置固体颗粒的方式来模拟多孔介质结构,并采用虚拟区域方法求解多孔介质中的流场和温度场,分析了固体颗粒的数目、布置方式和形状对传热效率的影响.在高Rayleigh数下,多孔介质方腔自然对流的传热主要是通过壁面附近热对流产生的环流.通过直接数值模拟研究发现：当保持Rayleigh数和固体体积分数不变时,随着模拟多孔介质的颗粒数目的增加,壁面平均Nusselt数随之减小,即传热效率降低,进一步的流场分析表明规则排列时最外排颗粒到壁面距离对于传热效率有重要的影响;当固体颗粒数目和体积分数相同时,颗粒随机布置在高Rayleigh数时比颗粒规则布置有更高的传热效率,而颗粒形状对于传热效率的影响则不大.     

水基碳纳米管纳米流体在矩形腔内的自然对流传热

为了评估碳纳米管在强化传热技术中的应用潜力, 采用实验方法研究水基碳纳米管纳米流体在矩形封闭腔内的自然对流传热性能, 由实验得到瑞利数为1.92×105～2.52×106范围内不同颗粒体积分数的纳米流体沿矩形封闭腔热流方向的平均努塞尔数分布.采用瞬态热线法和旋转黏度仪测量水基碳纳米管纳米流体的导热系数和黏度,探究纳米流体导热系数和黏度与纳米颗粒体积分数的变化关系,分析纳米流体导热系数和黏度对纳米流体自然对流传热的影响.结果表明:在封闭腔内纳米流体沿热流方向的平均努塞尔数随着瑞利数的增加而增大,封闭腔内对流传热不断增强;与水的自然对流传热相比,在低瑞利数(Ra＜8.5×105)时,纳米流体自然对流传热效果随着颗粒体积分数的增加而增强;在高瑞利数(Ra＞8.5×105)时,体积分数为0.48%的纳米流体的平均努塞尔数比水大,自然对流传热得到强化,而体积分数为1.45%的纳米流体的平均努塞尔数比水小,自然对流传热减弱.     

旋转圆筒表面传热和传质特性实验研究

为研究旋转圆筒表面对流传热和传质特性,用微型热偶式测温和测湿探头对旋转圆筒表面的温度场和浓度场分布进行了测试.实验结果表明,旋转圆筒表面对流传热和传质特性之间存在着较好的类比性.旋转对纯传热边界层局部努塞尔数的影响规律与对传质边界层局部舍伍得数的影响规律相似;对平均努塞尔数和平均舍伍得数的影响规律也相似.当旋转雷诺数小于临界雷诺数时,旋转对平均努塞尔数和平均舍伍得数几乎没有影响,当大于临界雷诺数时,随旋转雷诺数的增大平均努塞尔数和平均舍伍得数也增大.     

Dual solutions of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking sheet with generalized slip condition

An analysis was made to study the steady momentum and heat transfer characteristics of a viscous electrically conducting fluid near a stagnation point due to a stretching/shrinking sheet in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and generalized slip condition. Two flow problems corresponding to the planar and axisymmetric stretching/shrinking sheet were considered. By means of similarity transformations, the obtained resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equations were solved numerically using a shooting method for dual solutions of velocity and temperature profiles. Some important physical features of the flow and heat transfer in terms of the fluid velocity, the temperature distribution, the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for various values of the controlling governing parameters like velocity slip parameter, critical shear rate, magnetic field, ratio of stretching/shrinking rate to external flow rate and Prandtl number were analyzed and discussed. An increase of the critical shear rate decreases the fluid velocity whereas the local Nusselt number increases. The comparison of the present numerical results with the existing literature in a limiting case is given and found to be in an excellent agreement.     

壁面加热热流密度对微柱群内部换热特性的影响

采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究去离子水在不同加热热流密度下流过叉排排列微柱群内部时工质热物性对对流换热的影响规律.实验中采用电加热棒对一体化微柱群散热元件进行加热,测得不同加热功率下微柱群内部努塞尔数(Nu);同时建立考虑粗糙度影响的三维数学模型模拟了该实验段在不同热流密度下的温度场与换热特性,并与实验结果进行了对比.研究发现:工质热物性随着温度变化对微柱群换热特性有着较为明显的影响,且数值模拟结果略高于实验值;对流换热系数均随加热热流密度增加而略有增大,且低雷诺数(Re)下该现象更为明显;定义了不同的影响因子来对各热物性参数的影响进行定量分析,发现动力黏度对微柱群内换热特性影响最大,影响因子接近10%.     

浮力对竖直管内热进口段空气对流换热的影响

用数值解析方法对竖直圆管内热进口段空气对流传热时,浮力引起的自然对流以对传热和流动的影响进行了研究,得到了浮力与主流同向和反向两种场合下的速度、流线、壁面剪切应力及努塞尔特数的分布,并在Pe-│Gr/Re│坐标系中给出了因浮力产生的逆向回流区域。研究结果显示：在加热即浮力在与主流同向时,壁面剪切应力和努塞尔特数随Gr/Re的增大而增大,在较高Gr/Re下和中心出现逆流,对象传热系数在出现逆流处达到局部最大值,传热得到强化;冷却即浮力与主流反向时,壁面剪切应力和努塞尔特数随│Gr/Re│的增大而减小,│Gr/Re│较高时管壁处出现逆流,传热系数则在逆流区后端出现极小值,传热减弱。     

含内热源管内填充多孔介质的强迫对流传热解析解

基于非局部热平衡假设,研究了管内填充多孔介质的强迫对流传热问题.在附于多孔介质圆柱的外表面施加恒定热流,采用Darcy动量方程描述多孔介质内流体的流动.为考虑工程实际中可能的物理或化学发热源,将多孔介质液相和固相内热源引入传热模型中,获得了液相和固相温度分布的解析解,同时推导了表征传热性能的Nusselt数显式表达式.计算结果表明:计算解析解与文献[10]推导的解析解吻合良好,固相内热源强度愈高,液相和固相温差愈大,Nusselt数愈小,传热性能愈差.此外,还解释了管壁处液相和固相温度梯度出现分岔的原因.     

混沌对流强化传热的场协同分析

基于采用周期性计算模型得到的混沌对流流道内的流体流动与传热数值计算结果,应用场协同原理,对混沌对流内强化传热进行分析.分析了混沌流道截面上流场与温度场的协同关系,讨论了流道内不同雷诺数下Nusselt数与平均流速与温度梯度矢量积和平均协同角的对应变化趋势,并与普通直流道内层流下的流动与传热场协同情况进行了对比.结果表明,混沌流道改变了流体在流道内速度场的分布,流场的变化影响了温度场的分布,使得两场的协同效果得到明显的改善,从而强化传热.在整个流道内,混沌对流的Nusselt数与速度和温度梯度两矢量的点积具有相同变化关系,混沌对流强化传热的根本机理是改善了两场的协同关系.