光敏小分子单体链聚合诱导液晶分子排列的研究

两端带有碳碳双键,尺寸与液晶分子相近的刚性小分子单体在线偏振紫外光照射下聚合,形成的聚合物膜能够诱导液晶分子均匀取向。对不同光照时间的紫外吸收光谱谱图比较发现,该取向材料具有较好的光敏性。利用偏振红外光谱测定了取向膜表面的二向色性,并且测得膜表面有序度为0．088。以晶体旋转法测定该取向膜制成的液晶器件,测得预倾角的大小为0．8。     

反应性液晶修饰的光敏聚芳醚光取向稳定性研究

采用反应性液晶通过光聚合反应与聚芳醚光取向膜复合方法,制备了平面转换(In-plane switching,IPS)液晶显示器件,并在高温状态下对其光电显示和取向稳定性能进行了研究。结果显示,与单一聚芳醚光取向膜相比,利用复合光取向膜制备的IPS器件在高温状态下的光电显示和液晶取向稳定性能都得到了明显提高,在65℃明亮显示20h无液晶取向变化,在120℃维持2h无明显光量渗透。在线偏振紫外光下,光敏聚芳醚薄膜发生各向异性光交联反应,其交联程度最高可达67.4%。SEM分析结果发现,反应性液晶单体在UV光照射下,在聚芳醚光取向膜表面上发生了各向异性光聚合反应,沿先前光取向方向形成长度为0.4μm左右的棒状聚合物,有效限制了光取向膜中未交联的柔性基团的活动能力,进而有效增强了复合取向膜对液晶的取向稳定性。     

表面自组装反应制备液晶光控取向膜

通过聚乙烯醇薄膜表面致密的羟基基团与肉桂酰氯间的选择性酯化反应,将光敏基团连接到聚乙烯醇薄膜表面,制备出一种新型的光敏自组装单层膜.用线性偏振紫外光辐照该薄膜,与光矢量方向匹配的肉桂酸基团发生光化学反应,反应产物沿辐照光的偏振方向分布,形成表面张力各向异性的薄膜.将该薄膜作为向列相液晶的取向膜制成平行液晶器件,在偏光显微镜下观察,发现获得了均一、稳定的取向效果.这种自组装光控取向膜的制作过程简单,且具有良好的热稳定性.     

光控取向技术在塑料基板的应用

肉桂酸双酚A双酯旋涂于塑料基板,在线偏振紫外光作用下,发生光交联反应,诱导液晶定向排列,整个取向过程不需要对基板进行热处理。原子力显微镜对取向膜表面形貌观察得到表面具有较好的平整度。在偏光显微镜下旋转液晶盒,出现了鲜明的暗态和亮态。     

用线性偏振光聚合法制备LCD取向膜的研究

介绍用线性偏振光聚合法制备肉桂酸聚乙烯醇酯类液晶取向膜，用偏振红外光谱研究ＬＰＰ膜的各向异性和取向能力，以及其与光照时间的关系。并提出，用两片不同的ＬＰＰ取向膜能制备具有较在预倾角的液晶盒。     

光敏自组装单层膜用于液晶光控取向的研究

用丁二酸酐和7-羟基香豆素合成了含有脂肪族羧酸基团的光敏化合物，利用脱水反应使它在玻璃(或石英)基板表面形成自组装单层膜。用偏振紫外光照射光敏性自组装膜，与光矢量方向匹配的香豆素基团发生[2 2]周环反应，反应产物沿辐照光的偏振方向分布，形成表面张力各向异性的薄膜。用它作为向列相液晶取向膜制成平行液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察，发现取得了均一、稳定的取向效果。并且该取向膜有良好的热稳定性。     

红外二向色性法测量取向膜表面液晶界面层的取向度

液晶分子的取向排列通常需取向膜诱导引发,但实验发现强摩擦处理的取向膜表面的液晶分子有序度远低于液晶体内部的有序度,大约为体内部的1／2。实验中采用楔形液晶盒,用较严谨的红外二向色性吸收定量分析了液晶层厚方向上的平均有序度随液晶层厚的变化,并通过这一结果的理论拟合,获得了取向膜表面的液晶分子取向有序度,同时获得了液晶界面层厚大约为7nm。这些结果说明液晶具有抵制外界微扰、自我修复分子取向度的能力,有利于对液晶排列机理的理解,也为研究新的取向方法提供了参照依据。     

一种共价键结构的高稳定性自组装光控取向膜

通过两次光照法制备了一种基于共价键结构的自组装光控取向膜。首先采用重氮树脂与聚(4-丙烯酰氧基肉桂酸(4′-磺酸钠)苯酚酯)在水溶液状态下通过静电离子沉积法制备了layer-by-layer型的自组装多层膜,制备过程的紫外-可见光谱表明薄膜为逐层、均匀沉积。第一次光照将膜层间的重氮磺酸盐离子键转化为共价键结构,然后采用线性偏振紫外光进行第二次光照,获得具有各向异性的光控取向膜。紫外-可见光谱法证实了薄膜辐照过程中的光化学反应方式。这种液晶光控取向膜可以水平均匀取向向列相液晶,而且具有良好的热稳定性,可达到150℃。     

一种新型光敏小分子用于光控取向的研究

通过在3,5-二羟基苯甲醇分子中的双酚基基团上引入双肉桂酰酯光敏基团的酯化反应,合成了一类新型的分子顶部为羟基极性基团,整个分子构型类似于树枝状的光敏小分子化合物。将此种光敏材料配成一定浓度的溶液,旋涂在玻璃基板上成膜,经过线性偏振紫外光辐照后发生交联反应,制备成光控取向膜。以此种取向膜制成向列相液晶的平行液晶器件,在偏光显微镜下观察,发现取得了均一、稳定的取向效果,并且该取向膜具有良好的热稳定性能。     

用硅烷活性剂浸润和光致液晶取向

本文演示了两种使用新型硅烷作为表面耦合剂的非摩擦取向方法--浸润法和光致液晶(LC)取向法.在浸润法中,可能获得的平行和垂直的两种排列与所用硅烷的烷基链长度有关.110℃的热固化温度,使得浸润法对有源矩阵显示器的低温工艺特别有吸引力.利用紫外光(UV)诱导LC取向可获得平行液晶盒,且液晶指向矢垂直于入射紫外光的偏振方向.这两种方法得到的预倾角约为0.5°.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.