异步电动机降压运行时的一种计算方法

给出了一种计算异步电动机降压运行时各损耗功率及定子电流电压的方法。以驱动某一风机负载为例 ,当其以降压调速方式调节风机流量时 ,应用MATLAB语言 ,对电动机的各损耗功率、定子电流电压及其实际运行效率等进行较为详尽地计算 ,计算结果以数据表格和图形方式给出     

Cause and analysis of stator and rotor failures in three-phasesquirrel-cage induction motors

The squirrel cage induction motor has limitations, which, if exceeded, will result in premature failure of the stator or rotor. The authors identify the various causes of stator and rotor failures. A specific methodology is proposed to facilitate an accurate analysis of these failures. Failures of the bearings and lubrication systems are excluded     

双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机

针对单极性励磁时四相8/6结构分块转子开关磁阻电机的定子磁通冲突问题,把双极性励磁方法应用于四相8/6结构分块转子开关磁阻电机,基于2D有限元建立双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的场路耦合模型,计算双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的电流、转矩及铜耗,并在(r,θ)坐标系中细致描述定子铁心和转子铁心特征区域的磁密周期性变化规律,最后应用双频法分离铁损获得铁心的涡流损耗和磁滞损耗.计算结果表明,与同等双极性励磁的8/6结构双极性普通开关磁阻电机相比,8/6结构双极性分块转子开关磁阻电机的转矩脉动大,但铜耗减小约32%,铁耗减小约35%.     

Loss calculation of induction motors considering harmonic electromagnetic field in stator and rotor

A method of loss calculation for induction motors is proposed. The combined 3D–2D time‐stepping finite element analysis is carried out to obtain the copper loss and the time variation of the magnetic field in the motor. The iron loss is calculated approximately considering the time variation of the magnetic field direction and the minor hysteresis loops caused by the time‐harmonic fields using practical computer resources. The proposed method is applied to four types of induction motors, which are the solid rotor induction motors with/without slot and the cage induction motors with/without skew. The measured and the calculated total losses and the iron losses agree well in all cases. The differences of the loss distributions of each motor are also compared and investigated. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(2): 63–73, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10305     

感应电动机调压节能的理论分析

详细分析了感应电动机在调压情况下的工作原理 ,得到了功率因数与转差率以及转差率与电机定子电压的关系 ,进而得到功率因数与定子电压的函数关系 ,在此基础上建立了调压时感应电动机节能的数学模型。通过算例在理论上证明了调压节能的可行性 ,为电机节能控制奠定了理论基础     

超声电机伺服控制技术研究进展

超声电机伺服控制技术还不够成熟.对目前超声电机伺服控制使用的各种控制器进行了对比分析.得出用DSP作为控制器构建伺服控制系统,或用FPGA/CPLD开发专用的超声电机控制系统.将是超声电机控制系统的首选.分析了超声电机3种控制变量的控制特点及其与控制目标的关系,并对超声电机现有的各种控制用数学模型和控制策略进行了分析.指出结合调频调相调幅等多种控制方式,综合多种先进控制策略的优点,实现超声电机的速度、位置、能量转换效率和电机寿命等多目标优化控制,将是超声电机伺服控制的发展方向.     

Multi-degree-of-freedom ultrasonic motors for mass-consumer devices

New approach to design active kinematic pairs, transforming resonant non-harmonic periodical vibrations into continuous motion is presented. The specifics of a piezoelectric motor utilizing this approach is that it can be made with limited size of arbitrary cross-section. Some examples of this type of piezomotor are presented, allowing creating miniature in-plane positioning systems and angular scanning systems. Examples of multi-degree-of-freedom piezomotors in mass-consumer devices are shown by “smart” toy prototypes made from standard LEGO™ construction blocks and mini figures.     

Adaptive control for speed‐sensorless induction motors with uncertain load torque and rotor resistance

The problem of controlling a speed‐sensorless induction motor is addressed. Smooth reference signals for rotor speed and flux modulus are required to be tracked for any unknown constant values of load torque and rotor resistance within known bounds. A fourth order non‐linear adaptive tracking control is presented which is based on a novel rotor speed observer and on two identifiers for the uncertain parameters; it guarantees asymptotic rotor speed tracking and exponential rotor flux modulus tracking with an explicitly computed domain of attraction. The closed‐loop performances are illustrated by simulation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A basic study on the dynamic water level limit sensor utilizing acoustic impedance matching

In this study, an ultrasonic level limit sensor with a new structure utilizing the acoustic impedance matching is proposed in order to check the change of water-level. Two PZT resonators with the same property are bonded directly on a polyethylene plate. The first one is for transmitter as an ultrasonic transducer and the other is for a receiver. In this case, a polyethylene plate will operate as an acoustic guider to propagate a transverse wave between the two PZT resonators in air. On the other hand, a polyethylene plate having similar acoustic impedance with the water will be emitting an acoustic energy into the water as a longitudinal wave in the water. According to this mechanism, there was large difference of acoustic output signal between underwater and air. Therefore, it is believed that this proposed level limit sensor could be used as a new dynamic one, toughened from the external mechanical noise.     

基于Hilbert模量频谱分析的异步电机转子断条故障研究

转子绕组断条是异步电机最常见故障之一.在分析当前主要诊断方法的基础上,提出Hilbert 模量频谱分析方法对异步电机转子断条故障进行研究.将Hilbert模量定义为原始信号与其共轭信号的平方和,利用Hilbert模量将原相电流中的基波分量转变为直流分量,原频谱分析的转绕组断条的故障特征分量转变为频率为二倍转差频率的电流分量,决了相电流频谱分析方法中断条故障特征成分容易被基波湮没而难以突出故障特征的问题.文中研究了Hilbert模量频谱分析方法的原理和实现方法,并对偏心故障电机和转子断条电机分别进行仿真和实验研究.仿真分析和实验结果均表明,该方法对异步电机转子断条故障诊断具有较高的诊断精度和很好的频率分辨率,能克服传统的电流频谱法主频泄漏的影响,且工程实现方便.     

基于小波变换的频谱细化方法在电动机故障检测中的应用

异步电动机转子出现导条或端环断裂后 ,定子电流中会出现 (1± 2s)f1 的频率分量。考虑到此信号的特点 ,必须用高分辨率的频谱分析仪才能有效区分故障信号和工频信号 ,文中基于小波变换可提取信号所需频率成分的特性 ,利用小波变换频谱细化方法 ,通过软件编程实现故障信号的有效检测。     

A flux and speed observer for induction motors with unknown rotor resistance and load torque and no persistent excitation requirement

In this article, we address the problems of flux and speed observer design for voltage-fed induction motors with unknown rotor resistance and load torque. The only measured signals are stator current and control voltage. Invoking the recently reported Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing-Based Adaptive Observer (DREMBAO), we provide the first global solution to this problem. The proposed DREMBAO achieves asymptotic convergence under an excitation condition that is strictly weaker than persistent excitation. If the latter condition is assumed the convergence is exponential.     

A robust principal component analysis-based approach for detection of a stator inter-turn fault in induction motors

Health condition monitoring of induction motors is important because of their vital role and wide us in a variety of industries. A stator inter-turn fault (SITF) is considered to be the most common electrical failure according to statistical studies. In this paper, an algorithm for the detection of an SITF is presented. It is based on one of the blind source separation techniques called principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed algorithm uses PCA to discriminate between the faulty components of motor current signatures and motor voltage signatures from other components. The standard deviation of one of the decomposed vectors is used as a statistical SITF criterion. The proposed criterion is robust to non-fault conditions including voltage quality problems and large mechanical load changes as well as harmonic contaminants in the voltage supply. In addition, with a straightforward and low computational burden in the fault detection process, the proposed method is computationally efficient. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, large numbers of practical and simulation scenarios are considered, and the results confirm the good performance, high degree of accuracy, and good convergence speed of the proposed method.     

Comparison of vibration sources between symmetric and asymmetricHDD spindle motors with rotor eccentricity

The permanent-magnet motor is often the most important element in hard disk drive (HDD) spindles and is also a frequent source of vibration and acoustic noise. Eccentricity between the stator and rotor is inevitably introduced during the manufacturing process, and includes mass unbalance, shaft bow and bearing tolerances. This paper analytically discusses the effects of rotor eccentricity on motor performance for symmetric and asymmetric motors, such as local traction, unbalanced force, cogging torque, back electromotive force (EMF), phase current and torque ripple. An asymmetric motor, mostly chosen to reduce the cogging torque, shows a worse effect on cogging torque and unbalanced force when the eccentricity exists. It also adversely affects the flux linkage and introduces variation of the phase back EMF depending on winding and rotating eccentricity, thus yielding increased mutual torque ripple     

盘式开关磁阻电机临界重叠位置磁化曲线计算

针对三维有限元方法分析轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机时计算机配置要求高、耗时长及不适于电机的优化设计和基于定转子极中心线对齐位置和定子极中心线和转子槽中心线对齐位置这两个关键位置的磁路法计算精确度不高等问题,对转子齿前沿和定子齿前沿重叠位置即临界重叠位置处磁化曲线进行解析计算.利用三相6/4极和12/8极轴向磁场盘式开关磁阻电机的有限元仿真结果及磁阻最小原理划分该位置处磁链并进行计算,推导出该种电机临界重叠位置处磁化曲线,并与三维有限元方法的计算结果进行对比.分析结果表明,此种解析法的计算精确度符合要求.计算结果验证了解析分析计算的正确性.     

A calculation of torque in motors considering rotor eccentricity

A new analytical approach to the finite element calculation of torque in motors including eccentric rotor, based on the Maxwell stress method, is proposed in this paper, where the effects due to eccentricity on the cogging torque and the torque characteristics with regard to the speed are confirmed. A brushless dc motor is employed as an analytical model for two kinds of eccentricity. Consequently, in the case of eccentric motors, the unbalanced radial force functions as the repulsive force against rotation which causes the reduction of average torque, and two kinds of eccentric motors have the same tendency regarding the effects on the torque. This proposed approach is applicable to any kind of motor including eccentric rotor. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 132(4): 53–61, 2000     

控制电机的发展及建议

控制电机在中国的发展速度是空前的,已成为电机工业重要的分枝,文中介绍了控制电机的分类、发展历史和近年研究发展现状及国内外技术水平,提出了今后加强科研投入、队伍和人才建设的建议.     

Additional no-load losses in inverter-fed high-speed cage induction motors

An analysis of additional high-frequency losses in high-speed cage induction motors with closed rotor slots under sinusoidal and inverter supply at no load is presented. Calculated losses are compared with experimental results obtained by measurement on a 270 kW, 16,200/min, prototype motor, at both the delta and star connections of the stator winding. The main additional losses of the prototype motor investigated due to inverter supply are eddy current losses in the stator winding. Both measurement and calculation show that, at the delta connection, the additional losses are higher due to the lower modulation degree of the inverter, causing higher harmonic voltage amplitudes.List of symbols B magnetic flux density, T - b _sheet width of iron sheet, m - b _bar mean width of rotor bar, m - b _sd mean stator tooth width, m - b _Qm mean slot width, m - b _LT square wire side, m - f frequency, Hz - h _bar rotor bar height, m - h _br rotor slot bridge height, m - h _sy stator yoke height, m - I current (rms value), A - k ordinal number of voltage harmonic - k _C Carters factor - k _dHy hysteresis deterioration factor for teeth - k _dFt eddy-current deterioration factor for teeth - k _Fe iron stack fill factor - K _l1k first-order skin effect coefficient of stator inductance for kth voltage harmonic - K _l2k second-order skin effect coefficient of stator inductance for kth voltage harmonic - K _1k first-order skin effect coefficient of stator resistance for kth voltage harmonic - _2k second-order skin effect coefficient of stator resistance for kth voltage harmonic - k _yHy hysteresis deterioration factor for yoke - k _yFt eddy-current deterioration factor for yoke - k _w1 winding factor for fundamental space harmonic - l _b length of winding overhang, m - l _Fe core length, m - L _dc inductance at d.c. current, H - L _r rotor inductance, H - L _s stator inductance, H - M torque, Nm - m _T number of vertically arranged coils in slot - m _TZ number of vertically arranged conductors in slot - n _N rated speed, 1/min - p number of pole pairs - p _Ft eddy current losses per iron mass at 50 Hz, 1 T, W/kg - p _Hy hysteresis losses per iron mass at 50 Hz, 1 T, W/kg - P _Cu copper losses, W - P _Fe iron losses, W - P _Fe,Hy hysteresis losses, W - P _Fe,Ft eddy-current iron losses, W - P _fr friction and windage losses, W - Q _r number of rotor slots - Q _s number of stator slots - R _s stator phase resistance, - R _r rotor phase resistance, - R _dc resistance at d.c. current, - s slip - s _k slip for kth harmonic - U voltage (rms value), V - V volume, m³ - N number of turns per phase - z ₁ average number of conductors in one turn, lying side by side - z ₂ average number of vertically arranged conductors per turn - air-gap length, m - magnetic flux, Wb - electric conductivity, S/m - permeability ( ₀=4×10^–7 H/m: permeability of vacuum), H/m - _r relative permeability - _Fe mass density, kg/m³ - _s leakage coefficient for stator winding - _p pole pitch, m - _sd stator tooth pitch, m G. Joksimovi is on research leave from University of Montenegro, Montenegro, Yugoslavia     

PMSM扩展状态滑模观测器及转子位置和速度估算

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)反电势滑模观测器抖振问题,提出一种基于电流和磁链为变量的 PMSM扩展状态方程的自适应滑模观测器.以实际电流与观测电流之差构成滑模面,当滑模运动发生时,电流观测误差为零,等效控制信号包含磁链误差相关信息.通过反馈矩阵将等效信号输入到磁链观测方程中,磁链观测误差渐进收敛到零.在磁链观测结果中,抖振现象被很好的抑制,转子角度可以由磁链直接计算.分析了速度估计误差对磁链观测影响,并以此为基础进行反馈矩阵的计算.建立了速度自适应率,并采用Lyapunov方法证明了算法的收敛性.仿真和实验结果表明,通过该观测器和速度辨识方法能够准确计算出电机角度和速度,具有良好的稳态精确度和动态性能.     

YKK系列中型高压电机起动特性的计算

为了准确计算YKK系列中型高压电机的起动特性和起动时间以确定电机起动过程对电机本身和电网产生的影响,在M-T坐标系下建立了三相感应电动机的动态数学模型,并对电机起动特性的计算方法进行了改进.结合电机所带实际负载数据,对新型YKK系列电机的起动特性和起动时间进行了计算,分析了降压起动对电机产生的影响.计算结果表明:得到的...