离子束辅助沉积铪膜抑制栅电子发射性能研究

利用离子束辅助沉积（IBAD）方法在Mo栅极表面沉积铪膜,采用模拟二极管方法测量和比较阴极活性物质Ba、BaO蒸发在镀铪和纯钼栅极表面的电子发射性能。实验结果表明,镀铪栅极抑制电子发射性能较好,并初步探讨了离子束辅助沉积铪膜抑制栅电子发射的机理。     

用玻璃粉作粘结剂制备碳纳米管厚膜及其场发射特性

研究了用涂敷法制备的碳纳米管（CNT）厚膜及其场发射特性,裂解法获得的碳纳米管与玻璃粉等混合、研磨,直接涂敷在Si基底上,经烧结后制成碳纳米管厚膜,二极结构测量的结果表明,碳纳米管厚膜有较低的开启电场（1.0～1.25V/μm）,场强为5V/μm时,电流密度达到了50μA/cm^2.该工艺的烧结过程应控制好,加热时间稍长会使CNT厚膜的场发射性能很快下降,时间过长会使CNT处在厚膜表面之下,无法有效发射电子.浆料中的玻璃粉比例增大时,碳纳米管阴极的场发射性能会有所降低.     

基于碳纳米管的LB膜制备技术

采用混酸处理法对碳纳米管进行了羧化改性，然后进一步运用十八胺双性分子对羧化改性后的碳纳米管进行了表面修饰，深入探讨了基于双性分子表面改性后碳纳米管的LB膜制备过程，并分析了其制备工艺中超声时间、酸量和氧化处理等实验参数对羧化改性的影响，制备出了基于碳纳米管的单层及多层LB膜。初步研究了硅基底表面碳纳米管LB膜的减摩性能．实验结果表明，带有双性分子的十八胺可通过一定的实验条件连接到碳纳米管表面，通过双性分子的亲油性而有效改善碳纳米管在有机溶剂中的溶解性，为碳纳米管LB膜的制备提供了必要条件；此种碳纳米管LB膜可在低载荷下，将硅基底的耐磨性能提高50％以上．     

碳纳米管场发射阴极阵列制备研究与进展

碳纳米管具有良好的电子发射特性,成为理想的场致发射阴极材料,碳纳米管阵列制备研究是碳纳米管平板显示应用的前提。介绍了碳纳米管阴极阵列制备技术如丝网印制法、CVD原位生长法、光刻法和自组织法等研究与进展,并从薄膜残留去除、CNTs膜微结构改变及sp3缺陷增加等方面概述了目前CNTs场发射性能优化的进展,指出了目前存在的问题并作了简单分析。     

碳纳米管/ZnS复合材料的制备及其性能表征

碳纳米管用氨水、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)进行表面改性, 然后通过硫代乙酰胺、醋酸锌、水和表面改性的碳纳米管在水浴超声条件下发生溶液化学反应, 在碳纳米管表面包裹了一层分布均匀、致密的ZnS纳米晶粒. 用XRD、TEM、SAED、SEM、FTIR、PL等表征手段对材料进行了结构及性能表征. 研究结果表明: 对碳纳米管进行乙二胺四乙酸处理是实现ZnS纳米晶粒在碳纳米管表面均匀、致密包裹的重要因素, 碳纳米管/ZnS复合材料的光致发光性较之相同方法合成的ZnS, 俘获态发射峰蓝移6nm, 而能带边缘发射峰蓝移16nm. 通过对FTIR及不同表面改性碳纳米管的对比试验研究, 给出了碳纳米管/ZnS复合材料的形成机理.     

铪化合物在先进陶瓷中的应用

简要介绍了氧化铪、硼化铪、碳化铪和其他铪酸盐作为先进陶瓷应用的一些研究现状,并初步归纳了其主要的应用研究方向.文章强调指出,鉴于铪化合物具有很高的熔点,可用于各种超高温环境;同时铪的有效原子系数高,其化合物对高能射线的吸收能力强,是潜在的闪烁材料,这些优点使铪化合物具有重要的使用价值和广泛的应用前景.     

硅基碳纳米管厚膜的制备及其场发射研究

该文研究了用涂敷法制备碳纳米管(CNT)厚膜的制备和场发射特性,裂解法获得的碳纳米管与玻璃粉等混合、研磨,直接涂敷在Si基底上,二极管结构测量的结果表明,碳纳米管厚膜有较低的开启电场(1.0～1.5v/μm),场强为5V/μm时,电流密度达到了50μA/cm~2。该工艺的烧结过程应控制好,加热时间稍长,会使CNT厚膜的场发射性能很快下降,时间过长会使CNT处在厚膜表面之下,无法有效发射电子。浆料中的玻璃粉比例增大时,碳纳米管阴极的场发射性能会有所降低。     

碳纳米纤维膜的制备及表面浸润性研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜,经不同温度预氧化和碳化后得到碳纳米纤维膜(CNFM),通过FTIR、TG、XRD、SEM、RAMAM等表征手段探究了预氧化和碳化过程中纤维膜结构的变化,并考察了不同阶段纤维膜的表面浸润性.研究表明:PAN纤维膜预氧化温度选定在270～290℃范围较为合适;随碳化温度的升高,碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的类石墨层状结构有序化提高,石墨层间距减小;碳化膜的最大接触角可达158.3°±1.0°,表面呈现超疏水性.     

微胶囊铜粉对铜复合浆料性能的影响

为提高铜浆料的导电性,利用微胶囊技术在铜粉表面包覆液体石蜡,增强铜粉的抗氧化性,并添加少量导电性能优异的碳纳米管作为导电增强相,制备碳纳米管-铜复合浆料.利用四探针测试仪、扫描电镜等测试方法研究了液体石蜡含量对包覆铜粉性能的影响以及微胶囊铜粉作为主导电相,碳纳米管作为导电增强相对浆料导电性能的影响.结果表明:液体石蜡包覆含量为4 wt%的微胶囊铜粉具有良好的导电性和抗氧化性,其电导率为44.32%IACS;微胶囊铜粉作为碳纳米管-铜浆料的主导电相,制备浆料膜层电阻率为22.59 mΩ·cm,相比于未包覆的铜粉为主导电相制备的浆料膜层电阻率降低了12.44%;碳纳米管作为导电增强相所制备的浆料相比于纯铜浆料,电阻率降低31.74%.     

碳纳米管表面化学镀银及场发射性能研究

利用化学镀方法对碳纳米管(carbon nano-tubes,CNTs)表面金属化镀银,研究表面化学镀银碳纳米管的场发射性能。碳纳米管经氧化处理后,表面存在一些羰基(CO)、羧基(—COOH)和羟基(—OH)等活性基团,经敏化、活化处理后,形成金属钯活化中心,进而还原金属银离子,从而获得表面化学镀银的碳纳米管。表面化学镀银碳纳米管阴极的开启电场约为0.19V/μm,当电场强度为0.37V/μm时,最大发射电流达6mA/cm2,场增强因子约为25565。实验结果表明,化学镀银层可以提高碳纳米管的电子传输和热传输能力,提高碳纳米管的场发射电流和发射稳定性,有利于碳纳米管在场发射平板显示领域的应用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.