OH^—和氧离子杂质在BaF2晶体辐照损伤的影响

从理论和实验两方面研究ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质为ＢａＦ２晶体辐照损伤的影响，并对其机理进行讨论，理论上用ＨＦＳ－ＤＶＭ－Ｘα）局域密度离散变分法计算ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质心在ＢａＦ２中的电子结构，得到ＯＨ＾－，Ｈｓ＾－（Ｕ心），Ｏｓ＾－，Ｏｓ＾２－和（Ｏｓ＾２－－Ｆ＾＋）都可能是引起辐照损伤的源泉。实验发现，ＢａＦ２晶体水解处理后，ＯＨ＾－和氧离子杂质很容易进入ＢａＦ２，在晶体中的存在形式主要是：ＯＨ＾     

氯化聚丙烯热氧降解研究

用ＴＧ－ＤＴＧ－ＤＳＣ法研究了低氯化聚丙烯（Ｃ１－ＰＰ），于空气中在不同升温速率β时的热氧降解过程，可为４步反应；随β增大，降解温度线性升高，失重率变化不大；结合反应热效应，探讨了反应机理。     

NMR研究聚乙二醇的热氧降解

采用1H，13C和2D－NMR技术研究了聚乙二醇（PEG）的热氧降解，对产物的结构作了详细分析和表征，并定量讨论了抗氧剂2，6－二叔丁基－4－甲基酚（BHT）对其热氧解降解的影响，PEG的氧化降解发生在醚键氧碳上，遵循自由基氧化机理，最后形成大量的甲酸酯等酯类以及甲基，亚甲二氧基和醇，抗氧剂BHT不仅降低了PEG的氧化降解程度，而且改变了降解产物的结构分布，显著抑制了碳酸酯和亚甲二氧基结构的生成，相对增加了端羟基和端甲基结构。     

氧氮玻璃连接Si3N4陶瓷的可行性研究

本文采用Ｙ－Ｓｉ－Ａｌ－Ｏ－Ｎ系氧氮玻璃对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷进行了１４５０，１６００℃保温３０ｍｉｎ的润湿实验和连接实验，结果表明，氧氮玻璃对Ｓｉ３Ｎ４的润湿性较好，１４５０℃时两者的热膨胀系数差异明显，而１６００℃时热膨胀系数差异减小，接头附近存在扩散区，氧氮玻璃可以连接Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷。     

无Co混合导电型陶瓷透氧膜的制备和性质研究

首次合成了Ｓｒ１０－ｎ／２ＢｉｎＦｅ２０Ｏｍ（ｎ＝２，４，６，８，１０等）系列氧化物透氧膜，它们具有较高的透氧能力，其中，样品ｎ＝１０在１１００Ｋ时的透氧率为０．９０ｍｌ（ＳＴＤ）／（ｃｍ２·ｍｉｎ），比Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３高约两倍．Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３（ｘ＝０．１，０．３，０．５）系列的透氧率随Ｂｉ含量增加而增大．通过两个系列氧化物的ＸＲＤ和化学组成的对比，发现Ｂｉ离子含量和晶格空位浓度对透氧能力大小起决定性作用．     

α-Ti3O5薄膜的制备及氧敏性能的研究

α－Ti3O5是TiOx材料中相对较稳定的晶型，是一种潜在的氧敏材料，与传统的TiO2,ZrO2材料相比，具有阻温特性好的优点。本文通过H2还原TiO2来制备α－Ti3O5薄膜，研究了不同还原温度和保温时间对薄膜晶相组成的影响以及薄膜的导电性、电阻－温度稳定性和在氧化气氛中的晶格稳定性，同时对α－Ti3O5薄膜的氧敏性能进行了初步研究。     

钴卟啉络合物第五配位对富氧膜性能的影响

作为氧载体合成了中位－四卟啉合钴各合物。紫外－可见光谱有明，钴卟啉络合物在溶液中具有较强的吸氧能力。透气率和选择性的测定结果表明，钴卟啉络合物在ＰＤＭＳ膜中有一定的促输作用，当咪唑和吡啶作为钴卟啉络合物和第五配位时比第五配位为空位时的作用更明显，咪唑相比吡啶是更好的钴卟啉轴向碱基。     

氧氮玻璃连接Si_3N_4陶瓷的可行性研究

本文采用Y－Si－Al－O－N系氧氮玻璃对Si_3N_4陶瓷进行1450、1600℃保温30min的润湿实验和连接实验．结果表明，氧氮玻璃对Si_3N_4的润湿性较好，1450℃时两者的热膨胀系数差异明显，而1600℃时热膨胀系数差异减小，接头附近存在扩散区．氧氮玻璃可以连接Si_3N_4陶瓷．     

纳米YSZ基扩散控制极限电流型氧传感器的研究

讨论了极限电流型氧传感器的结构和原理；制作了以纳米（20－30nm）YSZ粉体为原料的电解质基片、Pt电极上带有多孔涂层的扩散控制极限电流型氧传感器。实验测定了氧在0－37％（mol），温度在600－700℃范围内传感器的输出特性。结果表明：在上述条件和V＝0．3－1．3V电压范围内，极限电流（IL）与氧气浓度成线性关系；IL∝T^0.6，说明扩散机理是由分子和努森组成的混合扩散控制。     

尼龙-66的N-羟甲基化和N-甲氧甲基化改性及性能

研究了尼龙－６６在甲中与甲醛反应，于６０Ｃ生成Ｎ－羟甲基化尼龙－６６，地又研究了尼龙－６６与甲醇溶液反应生成Ｎ－甲氧甲基化尼龙－６６，结果使尼龙－６６的熔点分别降为１８０～１９０℃和１５０℃，同时降低了模数，顾其在乙醇中的溶解性，提高了粘结性，使得改性后的尼龙可用做涂料和粘结剂。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...