健康的韧性城市规划模型构建与策略

2020年春节前后爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对我国城市应急能力和治理水平提出了巨大的挑战。文章反思了当前公共卫生防疫在设施布局、区域联防、预警机制和治理水平等方面的痛点,指出营造健康的韧性城市迫在眉睫;随后引入韧性理论,分析了韧性城市的内涵以及国内外研究和实践进展,进而构建了健康韧性城市规划的EERR("双评估"和"双响应")模型,并提出了韧性城市构建策略:首先,通过建设有机的健康城市结构、谨慎布局卫生风险类设施,营造韧性的空间格局;其次,以平灾结合、刚弹相济的理念分区分级分类规划公共卫生设施,并对应急设施进行战略性预留;再次,对疫情期间的交通系统和应急物流实施分区分块的弹性管理方案;最后,利用互联网和大数据技术提高治理水平,并通过数据共享,跨区域联合建立风险管理体系。     

城市抗震韧性评估研究进展

现阶段，我国大城市与城市群内人员和社会财富高度密集，基础设施林立，城市地震安全问题严重威胁着我国新型城镇化战略的实施，灾害脆弱性已经成为现阶段城镇化进程中制约城市可持续发展的核心问题，实现工程设施、城市乃至整个社会的抗震韧性已经成为国际地震工程界的共识。抗震韧性城市的研究涉及地震学、土木工程、人工智能、遥感技术、社会学、经济学、管理学等多个学科，是一项极具挑战性的课题。文中阐明了城市抗震韧性的定义，系统总结了城市抗震韧性评估的国内外研究现状，并提出了建设抗震韧性城市所涉及到的科学技术问题及韧性能力提升策略。     

关于上海建设韧性城市的路径探索

上海作为一个滨江沿海发展的特大城市面临着各类环境污染、洪涝灾害等问题,城市韧性的提升刻不容缓.基于对“韧性城市”概念内涵的解析,旨在通过分析上海建设韧性城市的主要问题与挑战,结合相关经验与案例的剖析,研究上海建设韧性城市的目标与策略,并深入探索在宏观的城乡空间格局、中观的基础设施体系、微观的韧性社区层面开展韧性城市建设的路径.     

健康乡村:突发公共卫生事件背景下的乡村应对策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎事件的应对经验给中国城乡规划体系一个重要的启示:突发公共卫生事件的防御防范不能仅仅局限于城市的范畴,以乡村社区为独立性防御单元的危机应对体系应该尽快提出具体的应对方案,城乡一体的公共卫生事件防御共同体也必须得到强化。文章统筹考虑乡村规划管治与突发公共卫生事件防御应对的双效举措,借鉴美日等发达国家的经验和中国在此次疫情应对中的有效措施,探索以柔性管治和韧性防御为主要应对策略的健康乡村模式,并为突发公共卫生事件下的城乡规划实施政策提供理论依据。     

弹性城市目标下的绵阳市朝阳片区城市更新改造设计初探

伴随着城市的发展,通常会出现自然和社会灾害,在危机来临时如何保持自身发展的活力,是现代城市设计者应该思考的一个重要问题.绵阳市朝阳片区的城市发展正面临着这些问题,因此规划采用弹性城市设计理论对其进行了改造设计.文章首先简述了国外弹性城市研究的四个领域;其次,从朝阳片区自身特点出发,论述了弹性城市设计的必要性和潜力;最后,根据弹性城市相关理论,拟定朝阳片区弹性城市设计策略与方法框架,用于指导其更新改造设计.文章分别从生态、经济、社会和工程四个方面探讨了朝阳片区弹性城市设计的相关策略,即维护生态系统完整、优化片区产业结构、完善防灾功能配置和增强基础设施建设.通过理论与实践相结合的研究方式,发现弹性城市理论能够较好地引导旧城更新改造设计,从而实现安全与稳定的弹性城市目标.     

RESILIENT URBAN DESIGN METHODS AND PRINCIPLES BASED ON THE COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM THEORY

Uncertainty exists in the current urban development of contemporary cities and is getting diversified and complicated. Identifying and adapting to such uncertainty is partly defining the future development of urban planning and design. The concept of “resilient city” is developed from the current scientific demands in urban planning and design. This article suggests that Complex Adaptive System as a new system theory would help resilient city planning and construction. According to the Complex Adaptive System theory, a resilient city should possess the adaptability of its components, diversity, autonomy, appropriate redundancy, slow-variable management, and identification, in order to improve the ecological, social, and economic resilience and vitality of the city.     

City profile: Lima

The paper offers a broad profile, with emphasis on the physical development of Peru's capital in changing economic, social and political contexts over time. Illustrative rather than comprehensive in approach, it attempts in the final sections to outline briefly and to discuss selected programmes and aims and institutional styles of the various levels of governance operating in the city under the current Fujimori regime.     

长江三角洲城市群发展演变及其总体发展思路

基于上海市城市总体规划的基础研究,从将上海建设成为具有全球资源配置能力、较强国际竞争力和影响力的全球城市和引领全国经济社会发展的目标出发,将上海置于长三角地区的整体发展中,分析了长三角地区城市群的基本特征和总体演化规律,通过对长三角地区内外部发展条件的分析,提出长三角地区城市群的总体发展目标和定位,并从全球化进程、区域一体化、差异化发展战略、城镇空间格局、世界级城市群以及区域管治策略等方面对长三角地区城市群的发展策略提出了具体的思路。     

新冠肺炎疫情对市级国土空间总体规划的启示

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,以下简称"新冠肺炎")疫情直观印证了推进治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要性和急迫性。疫情集中在大城市暴发,显示了城市将是我国未来一段时间内推进治理体系建设的重要战场。市级国土空间总体规划的科学性本质上应是城市治理水平而非建设水平的反映,安全保障能力是检验城市治理能力现代化的重要标尺。推动安全防灾规划从设施布局向综合治理转变、从建设落地向提升应急响应能力转变、从指标约束向资源配置优化转变,对于提升市级国土空间总体规划的科学性、充分发挥其作为城市发展蓝图的作用具有重要意义。     

21世纪全球城市理论与实践的迭代

当今中国是全球化主要推动力量,中国也有着最为丰富的城市化实践.面向21世纪中叶,一大批中国城市都有着国际化、全球化发展的雄心与行动.从上海市城市总体规划(2017-2035年)部署建设“卓越的全球城市”的编制实践入手,兼及当今中国主要城市的国际化、全球化探索,讨论“新时代”全球城市理论的迭代问题.通过对前期全球城市理论与实践的梳理和对照,从理论上归纳中国实践在空间根植性、经济韧性、社会包容性和文化自信塑造方面,对于形成全球城市发展新范式的贡献.     

Smart City Planning from an Evolutionary Perspective

ABSTRACT

In the theory of urban development, the evolutionary perspective is becoming dominant. Cities are understood as complex systems shaped by bottom-up processes with outcomes that are hard to foresee and plan for. This perspective is strengthened by the current turn towards smart cities and the intensive use of digital technologies to optimize urban ecosystems. This paper extends the evolutionary thinking and emerging dynamics of cities to smart city planning. It is based on recent efforts for a smart city strategy in Thessaloniki that enhances the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of the city. Taking advantage of opportunities offered by the IBM Smarter Cities Challenge, the Rockefeller 100 Resilient Cities, the World Bank, and the EU Horizon 2020 Program, Thessaloniki shaped a strategy for an inclusive economy, resilient infrastructure, participatory governance, and open data. This process, however, does not have the usual features of planning. It reveals the complex dimension of smart city planning as a synthesis of technologies, user engagement, and windows of opportunity, which are fuzzy at the start of the planning process. The evolutionary features of cities, which until now were ascribed to the working of markets, are now shaping the institutional aspects of planning for smart cities.     

Concept and Method of Asset-Based Community Development Planning: A Case Study on Minlecun Community in Chongqing’s Yuzhong District

With the transformation of the Chinese economy from an extensive growth to intensive development, city development is also gradually turning from incremental construction to stock management. Community, as a basic unit of human settlements, is an important platform to build and improve the social governance capability. In 2013, Shiyoulu Jiedao Offi ce of Yuzhong District led the 1st urban community development planning, which was a milestone of Chongqing’s city regeneration and governance innovation. This paper focuses on two key issues: how to understand the community values and make the community development planning based on the above, and how to integrate with the local forces so that the community development planning can be integrated into the action plan. Combined with the practice of Minlecun Community Development Planning, using the concept of asset-based community development, a comprehensive survey is conducted on community assets(including three aspects of physical, human, and social capital), and a community comprehensive planning strategy is formulated which covers two parts: the optimization of community spaces and the upgrading of community governance. The paper explores the local-based community planning theories and methods from such aspects as value attitude, public participation, role transformation of urban planners, and others.     

城市防灾工程投资优化模型研究

资源的有限性与城市防灾工程项目需求的无限性,是城市防灾规划管理中的一大难题。在大量社会调查的基础上,本文运用系统工程的基本理论和方法,结合城市防灾工程的特点,建立了城市防灾工程综合评价的指标体系及模糊评价模型,进而建立了投资优化模型,并进行了实证研究。     

对上海市城市规划新政的思考

2003年,上海实施城市规划新政。对新政的解读可从政治理念、政策法规和实施操作3个层面的转变中进行。基于新修订的《上海市城市规划条例》,上海城市规划工作仍需完善实施城乡协调发展决策意志的政策法规制定,完善实施科教兴市主战略的政策法规制定,完善城市规划管理体制,丰富规划实施操作途径,完善城市规划实施操作的协调机制。     

气候弹性城市和规划研究进

气候变化严重威胁到城市的可持续发展,并给城市带来很多风险。因此,越来越多的城市将适应气候变化纳入工作范畴。文章的目的是回顾和审视现有的气候弹性城市规划理论和实践。首先分析了气候变化、城市化和城市气候灾害风险之间的关系,以及气候变化对中国城市发展带来的挑战;其次,论述了气候弹性城市的概念内涵和特征,指出规划和建设气候弹性城市是中国城市应对气候变化的重要途径。最后,从理论研究和行动计划两方面对气候弹性城市和规划研究进展进行综述。     

智慧城市技术对未来城市空间发展的影响

大数据、人工智能、移动网络、云 计算等新技术的发展,正在引发一场全球新 一轮的技术革命。智能技术的发展不仅成 为国家经济、社会发展的创新动力,而且也 对城市的运作和发展产生了深刻的影响。智 慧城市在这样的大背景下,正以比我们想象 得更快的速度在城市的各个领域展开,如智 慧交通、智慧能源、智能通讯、智慧政务、智 慧医疗等等几乎涉及了城市运作的各个层面 和各个方面,这些智慧技术的应用已经对城 市生活产生了巨大影响,那么它将对未来城 市空间格局产生什么影响,对城市设计带来 怎么样的机遇和挑战,或者反过来说,我们 可以利用智慧技术在城市设计领域做些什 么,值得我们进一步思考。本文将通过对国 内外智慧城市研究领域前沿研究的分析,揭 示智慧城市技术对城市各个方面产生的影响 和潜在机遇,并提出未来城市设计利用智慧 技术将面临的新的课题和值得关注的研究 方向。     

上海中心城社会空间转型与空间资源的非均衡配置

在简要回顾城市社会空间的研究积累后,选取上海中心城的杨浦区及愚园路街区作为研究的空间载体,提炼出上海社会空间转型的两种典型表象--极化与片断化:进而通过上海中心城改造开发中政策性收益与租隙收益预期的动因剖析,审视上海城市空间资源非均衡配置下的发展困境并提出思考与建议.     

City profile: Suzhou - a Chinese city under transformation

Suzhou is located at the center of lower Yangtze River Delta (YRD). With a history of more than 2500 years, it has been transformed from a famous national commercial city in history to a vanguard of globalization known as a modern industrial city in contemporary China. It was not until the reform and opening in 1978 that the traditional spatial structure of the city was jeopardized. It has become an industrial base of Shanghai and relied on foreign direct investment and foreign trade remarkably through a new industrialization path of constructing development zones at various levels. Paralleling economic growth, it has exhausted massive agricultural land and caused rampant urban sprawl because spatial planning was not effective in development control. However, spatial planning does play an important role in the conservation of the ancient quarter which made Suzhou another model in the country. Lastly, some issues and challenges ahead in planning and governance are also discussed.     

论新型基础设施建设的迭代规律

跟踪研究了2015年至今我国新基建政策以及各国智慧城市新基建的实践。通过文献综述以及对城市技术七波发展浪潮的总结,明确指出"新基建"是由新一代城市技术驱动的基础设施实施建设和运行管理的全过程,并总结出三个基本特征。而后,按照"技术迭代—城市应用—空间节点—网络体系—影响作用"的逻辑,分析七波城市技术对应的基础设施在城市中的应用和空间类型。以上海为例,梳理城市基础设施网络体系的迭代历程及其对城市发展的影响。最后指出基础设施的迭代发展也为新型智慧城市提供了重构现代治理体系的契机,并提出新基建创新生态环境构建的三项建议。