磁控溅射方法制备(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜及表征

采用磁控溅射方法制备了性能优良的以Pt为缓冲层的(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜,研究了溅射气压对(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜的微结构和磁性的影响.结果表明,Ar溅射气压对(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜的微结构、垂直磁各向异性和矫顽力有很大的影响.所有样品的有效各向异性常数Ke.＞0,具有垂直磁各向异性.X射线衍射结果显示,小角衍射峰很锐,样品有良好的周期性层状结构.随着Ar溅射气压增加,样品垂直膜面的矫顽力增加,但样品有效磁各向异性常数减小.原子力显微镜照片显示,随着Ar溅射气压增加,其表面平均晶粒尺寸和粗糙度均增加,这是导致多层膜的垂直矫顽力增加和有效磁各向异性常数减小的因素.     

磁控溅射方法制备(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜及表征

采用磁控溅射方法制备了性能优良的以Pt为缓冲层的(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜,研究了溅射气压对(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜的微结构和磁性的影响.结果表明,Ar溅射气压对(CoCr/Pt)20纳米多层膜的微结构、垂直磁各向异性和矫顽力有很大的影响.所有样品的有效各向异性常数Ke.＞0,具有垂直磁各向异性.X射线衍射结果显示,小角衍射峰很锐,样品有良好的周期性层状结构.随着Ar溅射气压增加,样品垂直膜面的矫顽力增加,但样品有效磁各向异性常数减小.原子力显微镜照片显示,随着Ar溅射气压增加,其表面平均晶粒尺寸和粗糙度均增加,这是导致多层膜的垂直矫顽力增加和有效磁各向异性常数减小的因素.     

不同底层对CoFeB/Pt多层膜垂直磁各向异性的影响研究

采用磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备了以Ru,Cu,Pt和Ta为底层的Co Fe B/Pt多层膜样品,研究了各底层对Co Fe B/Pt多层膜的反常霍尔效应的影响。发现Ru和Cu作为Co Fe B/Pt多层膜的底层在保持样品的垂直磁各向异性方面的作用远不如Pt和Ta底层,而且样品的霍尔电阻比Pt和Ta做底层要小。Ta作为Co Fe B/Pt多层膜的底层与Pt作为底层相比能够更好地和多层膜晶格匹配,并且在400℃退火后反常霍尔效应得到增强。霍尔电阻提高近80%,矫顽力达到了5.7×10~3 A·m~(–1),有望作为垂直自由层应用到磁隧道结构中。     

磁控溅射制备Co1-xPtx:C复合纳米颗粒薄膜的研究

采用组合靶，利用磁控共溅射技术制备了Co1-xPtx：C复合纳米颗粒薄膜，并从实验和理论上对不同Pt浓度CoPt：C薄膜的组分、微结构、磁性能、组分和微结构与磁性能之间的关系以及薄膜的应用进行了初步研究。发现CoPt粒子取向和磁性能与CoPt：C薄膜中的Pt浓度有密切关系，在较高Pt浓度的CoPt：C薄膜中观察到垂直各向异性现象。通过改变Pt浓度，可以获得粒子粒径小于10nm、矫顽力可控、垂直磁晶各向异性较高的薄膜。晶格结构和晶粒之间的作用力可认为是影响CoPt：C薄膜磁性能的主要因素。     

光盘反射层纳米A1膜性能研究

利用原子力显微镜（AFM）和椭圆偏振仪研究了溅射条件对纳米Al薄膜性能的影响。研究表明，随溅射Ar气压的增大，纳米Al膜的表面粗糙度增加，折射率降低，反射率减小，这与薄膜的结构变化密切相关；随溅射功率的增大，纳米Al膜的表面粗糙度增加，而其光学常数的变化则不明显。     

TbFex薄膜的成分控制及其对磁结构的影响

利用直流磁控溅射工艺制备了TBFex薄膜，通过改变溅射气压调节薄膜的成分，利用磁力显微镜研究了薄膜成分对畴结构的影响，最后从理论上讨论Ar气压对磁致伸缩薄膜TBFex成分的影响，并建立了理论模型。结果表明：Ar气压在相当大的范围内影响着TBFex膜的成分，当气压从0．2Pa增加到0．6Pa时，Tb原子数百分比从30％增加到45％，磁力显微镜（MFM）观察到当TB含量减少时，在零场下的磁化强度由与膜面垂直方向变为平行于薄膜平面方向。     

超细Co/Cu纳米多层膜磁性研究

利用磁控溅射方法制备了纳米Co/Cu多层膜。利用扫描探针显微镜(SPM)观测了其表面形貌和磁畴结构,并通过振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量了磁性。结果表明,薄膜的微结构和磁性随非磁性层厚度的变化有着非常显著的变化。超细Co颗粒构造的多层膜样品,颗粒尺寸逐渐增大,磁畴尺寸先减小后增大,最后发生明显的聚集。磁性金属和非磁性金属的比例对多层膜之间的交换耦合相互作用有显著影响。平行膜面方向上的饱和场明显小于垂直膜面方向。当体积比约为1∶80时,平行膜面方向饱和场为95.9 kA/m,垂直方向饱和场为328.1 kA/m。此时两个方向上的饱和场、剩磁、矫顽力和磁滞损耗均为最小值。     

真空退火Fe/Pt多层膜的结构和磁性

采用直流磁控溅射方法制备了Fe/Pt多层膜和FePt单层薄膜，并在不同温度下真空热处理得到了有序相L10-FePt薄膜. 研究表明，Fe/Pt多层膜化可以降低FePt薄膜有序相的转变温度.［Fe(1.5nm)/Pt(1.5nm)13薄膜在350℃热处理后，有序度已经增加到0.6，而且矫顽力达到了501kA/m. 多层膜化促进有序化在较低的温度下进行，这主要是因为原子在多层膜界面扩散更快.     

纳米氧化层对坡莫合金薄膜性能的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法制备了Ta/NiFe/Ta磁电阻薄膜,分别将CoFe-NOL和Al2O3插层引入NiFe薄膜,研究纳米氧化层(NOL)对NiFe薄膜性能的影响。实验结果表明:将CoFe-NOL引入NiFe薄膜,CoFe-NOL对NiFe薄膜性能有重要影响,并且CoFe-NOL在薄膜中的位置不同影响效果也不同;CoFe-NOL处于Ta/NiFe界面时,由于破坏了NiFe薄膜的织构,导致了NiFe薄膜的各向异性磁电阻(AMR)值的减小和矫顽力的上升;CoFe-NOL处于NiFe/Ta界面时,则不会破坏NiFe薄膜的织构,其AMR值和矫顽力基本没有变化。将Al2O3插层引入NiFe薄膜,由于Al2O3插层的"镜面反射"作用,合适厚度的Al2O3插层可以改善薄膜的微结构,提高薄膜的磁电阻值,改善薄膜的磁性能。当Al2O3插层厚度为1.5 nm时,NiFe薄膜有最佳的微结构和性能。     

溶胶pH值对CoFe_2O_4/SiO_2复合薄膜结构和磁性能的影响

采用sol-gel法制备了纳米CoFe2O4/SiO2复合薄膜(样品)。利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜、振动样品磁强计对样品的结构、形貌和磁性能进行了研究。结果表明:随着溶胶pH值的减小,样品中CoFe2O4的平均晶粒尺寸变小,CoFe2O4晶粒沿(111)晶面择优取向生长。样品的矫顽力随着平均晶粒尺寸的减小明显变大,当溶胶pH值为0.29时,垂直和平行膜面的矫顽力分别为290 kA.m–1和250 kA.m–1,样品具有较明显的垂直磁各向异性。当溶胶pH值为0.59时,样品垂直和平行膜面的剩磁比(Mr/Ms)分别为53.2%和51.5%。     

一维磁纳米线阵列的制备及其应用

综述了以多孔阳极氧化铝为模板制备一维磁纳米线的方法,包括溶胶-凝胶法、化学沉积法和电化学沉积法等。阐述了一维磁纳米线在磁记录、巨磁电阻、量子磁盘及高密度存储等领域的应用前景。     

Shape Anisotropy and Magnetization Modulation in Hexagonal Cobalt Nanowires

Ferromagnetic cobalt nanowires with high‐crystalline quality are synthesized using a low‐voltage electrodeposition method. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the nanowires are uniform in size, and consist of predominantly hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) structure with the magnetocrystalline easy axis (c‐axis) perpendicular to the wire axis. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements illustrate the dominance of shape anisotropy, manifested by the weak temperature dependence of the enhanced coercive field along the wire axis. Furthermore, the magnetic structures of individual, segmented, or intersected nanowires are studied using magnetic force microscopy. This reveals a strong dipole at the two ends of the wire, together with a spatial magnetization modulation along the wire. Based on theoretical modeling, such intrinsic modulation is attributed to magnetization frustration due to the competition between the magnetocrystalline polarization along the easy axis and the shape anisotropy along the wire axis.     

Mn在HDDR各向异性NdFeCOB磁粉中的作用

采用HDDR(氢化–歧化–脱氢–再复合)技术制备NdFeCoB合金磁各向异性磁粉。研究了元素Mn对NdFeCoB合金HDDR磁粉的磁性能和磁各向异性的影响。结果表明:加入x(Mn)为2%以下的Mn元素没有改变NdFeCoB合金的相组成,但可提高NdFeCoB合金各相在氢气中的稳定性:当加入x(Mn)从0增加到2%时,NdFeCoB磁粉的内禀矫顽力Hcj从700 kA/m降低到450 kA/m,而NdFeCoB磁粉的磁各向异性DOA值从0.22增加到0.45。     

Easy-Cone Magnetic State Induced Ultrahigh Sensitivity and Low Driving Current in Spin-Orbit Coupling 3D Magnetic Sensors

Measurement of 3D vector magnetic field is of vital importance for the development of magnetic navigation, biomedical diagnosis, and microimaging. Traditional 3D magnetic sensors require cooperation of multiple sensors on three orthogonal planes, resulting in disadvantages of bulky size and low spatial resolution. Recently proposed spin orbit torque sensor based on ferromagnetic/heavy-metal heterostructures can detect three magnetic field components individually due to the different symmetries of current-polarity-dependent magnetization dynamic. However, the large driving current density and complex driving procedure hinder their practical application, especially in AC magnetic field detection. Herein, 3D magnetic sensors with dramatically reduced driving current density are reported, one fifth of the original value, by exquisite engineering of the magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures. With further reduced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, the sensor in the easy-cone state demonstrates a record-high sensitivity of 31196 V A⁻¹ T⁻¹. More importantly, the easy-cone state sensor can work with an ultralow driving current density of 3.8 kA cm⁻², which is three orders lower than previous results. Although easy-cone state sensor can only measure the z-axis field, highly compact 3D magnetic sensor can be realized by adoption of two anisotropic magnetoresistance sensors, promising great potential application in space- and energy-restricted scenarios.     

Electrical Manipulation of Orbital Occupancy and Magnetic Anisotropy in Manganites

Electrical manipulation of lattice, charge, and spin is realized respectively by the piezoelectric effect, field‐effect transistor, and electric field control of ferromagnetism, bringing about dramatic promotions both in fundamental research and industrial production. However, it is generally accepted that the orbital of materials are impossible to be altered once they have been made. Here, electric field is used to dynamically tune the electronic‐phase transition in (La,Sr)MnO₃ films with different Mn⁴⁺/(Mn³⁺ + Mn⁴⁺) ratios. The orbital occupancy and corresponding magnetic anisotropy of these thin films are manipulated by gate voltage in a reversible and quantitative manner. Positive gate voltage increases the proportion of occupancy of the orbital and magnetic anisotropy that were initially favored by strain (irrespective of tensile and compressive), while negative gate voltage reduces the concomitant preferential orbital occupancy and magnetic anisotropy. Besides its fundamental significance in orbital physics, these findings might advance the process towards practical oxide‐electronics based on orbital.     

Voltage Assisted Control of Spin-Transfer Nano-Oscillators

The spin-transfer nano-oscillator(STNO) has recently acquired a huge amount of research interest, due to its promising easy tunability along with the miniature size. The output frequency control of an STNO through magnetic field and current has been examined almost to its full extent; however, there are issues that still need to be addressed. Here, we propose a novel way of voltage control of the output frequency of an STNO, and alongside reducing its power requirement.     

Amorphous magnetic materials for bubble domain and magneto-optics application

Magnetic bubble domains have been found in rare earth intermetallic systems with GdCo alloys, as an example. Films prepared by sputtering are found to be amorphous with perpendicular anisotropy. The GdCo system will support magnetic domains in a wide variety of compositions and the magnetic bubble domains are readily varied in diameter. The use of these amorphous systems is shown to be substrate independent. The amorphous magnetic system is described and domain size variations with film composition are shown. These materials are also useful magneto-optic materials with excellent signal to noise characteristics.     

Structural and magnetic properties of Yb-implanted GaN

N-type,p-type and unintentionally-doped GaN were implanted with Yb ions by double energy ion implantation and the samples were annealed at 900℃.The structural and magnetic properties of the samples have been studied by high-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD),Raman scattering and with a superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID).No second phase has been observed and implantation induced defects can not be completely removed by rapid thermal annealing.The annealed samples show magnetic anisotropy and clear ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.P-,u- and n-GaN:Yb samples show an effective magnetic moment of 1.60,1.24 and 0.59μ_B/Yb,respectively.     

Magnetization Reversal in CsNiIICrIII(CN)6 Coordination Nanoparticles: Unravelling Surface Anisotropy and Dipolar Interaction Effects

CsNiCr(CN)₆ coordination nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 6 to 30 nm are highly diluted in an organic polymer matrix. Their static and dynamic magnetic behaviour allows unravelling of surface anisotropy and interparticle dipolar interaction effects. The single magnetic domain critical size is thus evaluated to be around 22 nm with a blocking temperature of 21 K (at ν = 1 Hz) and an effective energy barrier for the reversal of the magnetization of 426 K.     

Extraordinary Magnetic Hardening in Nanowire Assemblies: the Geometry and Proximity Effects

Brown's theorem on coercivity of ferromagnetic materials has predicted that the coercivity level is substantially higher than in practice for all the materials studied in experiments in the past seven decades, which is known as the Brown's paradox. In this paper, a system with a coercivity close to the one predicted by Brown's theorem is investigated. Cobalt nanowires are obtained by chemical synthesis that give rise to coercive forces significantly higher than the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field, verifying the Brown's theorem. It is found that the coercivity is strongly dependent on the nanowire diameter, the alignment of the wires in an assembly, and the packing density of the assembly. An analysis based on the current experimental results and related literature reveals a coercivity ceiling in consideration of geometrical dimensions and the effective magnetic anisotropy. Quantitative information is obtained about the proximity effect on the coercivity and the magnetization which shows the correlation between the energy product and the packing density. Furthermore, it is found that by coating the nanowires with Fe, the energy density can be enhanced. These findings provide a guideline for materials design of future high-performance permanent magnets that take advantage of shape anisotropy at the nanoscale.