自立缫生丝聚集态结构的研究

本文应用X-衍射法、核磁共振法、红外吸收光谱法,贝克线法,分别对自动缫和立缫生丝及其丝素聚集态结构的结晶度、取向度,进行了定性定量研究,结果表明:自动缫丝和立缫丝之间的聚集态结构存在差异,自动缫生丝结晶度大于立缫生丝结晶度;自动缫丝素结晶度略大于立缫丝素结晶度;自动缫生丝及其丝素的取向度分别高于立缫生丝及其丝素的取向度。不同测定方法的结果具有一致性与可靠性。     

亚麻纤维的结构性能对染色性能的影响

通过X衍射法、铜氨溶液法等测试和分析了亚麻纤维的微观结构、化学成分对其染色性能的影响。实验表明 :亚麻纤维结晶度 70 %左右 ,棉纤维 5 0 %左右 ;亚麻纤维的取向度 90 %以上时 ,棉纤维6 0 %左右 ,亚麻纤维的取向度远高于棉纤维。纤维的结晶度越高 ,取向度越高 ,纤维溶胀越困难 ,染色时染料渗透越困难 ,上染率越低 ;另外亚麻纤维含有较高的杂质 ,也对亚麻的上染率产生不良影响     

亚麻纤维的结构性能对染色性能的影响

通过X衍射法、筒氨溶液法等测试和分析了亚麻纤维的微观结构,化学成分对其染色性能的影响,实验表明,亚麻纤维结晶度70%左右,棉纤维50%左右;亚麻纤维的取向度90%以上时,棉纤维60%左右,亚麻纤维的取向度远高于棉纤维。纤维的结晶度越高,取向度越高,纤维溶胀越困难,染色时染料透越困难,上染率越低,另外亚麻纤维含有较高的杂质,也对亚麻的上染率产生不良影响。     

熔纺成形过程中影响尼龙66长丝染色均匀性的主要因素

通过电子计算机模拟熔纺成形过程,进而探讨熔纺成形过程中影响尼龙66长丝染色均匀性的主要因素。指出其影响因素主要是巷绕丝的取向度和结晶度的波动。在熔纺成形过程中卷绕张力波动和水蒸汽处理条件的变化则是影响卷绕丝取向度和结晶度变化的重要原因。     

有色聚酯纤维的结晶度与取向度

聚酯纤维虽具有非常高的综合物理性能与服用性能,但也存在染色性能差的缺点。近年来,改进聚酯纤维染色性的方法之一是用注射法或母粒染色等技术,直接制取有色纤维。本文采用X-射线衍射法测定了由溶剂法母粒和可溶性法母粒(?)所纺有色聚酯纤维的结晶度;用声速法和双折射法测定了纤维的取向度。测定中所用有色纤维试样的含色量及其所用涤纶母粒的制备方法列于表1中。     

特殊热处理对蚕丝丝素结构及其性能的影响

应用X衍射分析、贝克线法、单纱强力测试和水洗色牢度测试等手段,研究以温度、张力、助剂等为主要工艺因素的特殊热处理对蚕丝丝素结构和性能的影响,以寻求对蚕丝丝素进行改性的新途径.结果表明:湿热条件下,张力作用能增加蚕丝纤维的取向度和结晶度,从而提高蚕丝的断裂强度和耐洗色牢度.润湿保护剂对蚕丝纤维有良好的润湿膨化作用和一定的高温保护作用,有助于上述处理效果的提高.     

涤纶纤维的聚集态结构与纤度对其染色性能影响的研究

涤纶超细纤维投放市场后,深受消费者欢迎。它与常见涤纶纤维相比表面积因纤度细而大大增加,这一现象带来了染色时上染速率快,染深性差等染色性能的改变。本文研究了涤纶纤维的聚集态结构与纤度对其染色性能的影响。具体分析了纤维的结晶度、取向度以及纤度与上染速率和表现得色量之间的关系。结果表明对纤维上染速率及上染量影响最大的是涤纶纤维的结晶度,其次是纤维的纤度,纤维的取向度影响最小。结果也表明常用的根据纤维表面积对不同纤度涤纶纤维染成相同表观色泽浓度时染料用量的估算公式,其结果偏高。以本文研究结果的经验公式计算染料用量,根据纤度不同,可以节约染料约在１８－３１％左右。如果要同时考虑纤维的聚集态结构不同,则可以节约染料约１１～２５％左右。     

特殊热处理对蚕丝丝素结构及其性能的影响

应用X衍射分析、贝克线法、单纱强力测试和水洗色牢度测试等手段，研究以温度、张力、助剂等为主要工艺因素的特殊热处理对蚕丝丝素结构和性能的影响，以寻求对蚕丝丝素进行改性的新途径。结果表明：湿热条件下，张力作用能增加蚕丝纤维的取向度和结晶度，从而提高蚕丝的断裂强度和耐洗色牢度。润湿保护荆对蚕丝纤维有良好的润湿膨化作用和一定的高温保护作用，有助于上述处理效果的提高。     

中壳纤维的制备及结构性能

本用溶液湿法纺丝制得甲壳胺湿纤维，分别在不同温度以及不同伸缩比下干燥定型。通过测定纤维的取向度、结晶度、吸水率、密度以及纤维的形态结构和力学性能，研究了纤维的定型条件及性能的关系，确定了纤维的最佳定佳条件。     

用透射电镜研究湿纺原丝-预氧丝-炭纤维的微观晶貌

借助于透射电镜 ,对表面化学改性处理后的炭纤维原丝及预氧丝的形貌、表面及内部结构进行初步的研究 ,并对在连续炭化时不同温度区间所得到炭纤维的形态进行了分析 ,结果表明 :用TEM可以分析聚丙烯腈原丝及预氧丝和炭纤维的内部和表面的缺陷 ,作为生产炭纤维的原丝应该具有高的取向度和结晶度 ,并且内部缺陷要尽量的少     

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Oriented ZnO Film by Ultrasonic Assisted SILAR Method

Ultrasonic Assisted SILAR method （UA-SILAR） was developed and highly oriented ZnO films were deposited on the glass substrate by this novel technique. The crystallinity and microstructure of as-deposited ZnO films were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. Moreover, the underling deposition mechanism of ZnO films was discussed. Results show that obtained ZnO films exhibit an excellent crystallinity with the preferentioal orientation of （002） plane. The crystalline grain of films is about 40nm in size,which is supported by both the Sherrer equation and the SEM result. However, the ZnO film is composed of numerous clustered purticulates in the size of 200 to 300nm, and each particulate is the compact aggregation of smaller ZnO crystalline grains. It is .speculated that the excellent crystallinity of ZnO films may chiefly originate from the cavatition effect of the ultrasonic rinsing process.     

细纤度蚕丝的力学性质与其微细结构的研究

本文研究了细纤度蚕丝和普通纤度蚕丝在力学性质与微细结构上的差异.用X射线衍射法测定了丝素的结晶度和晶区取向指数,用干涉显微镜测定丝素的双折射率.同时,计算了丝素分子整体的取向指数及非晶区取向指数.实验结果表明,蚕丝在小负荷条件下的力学性质(初始模量、屈服强度和屈服伸长率)主要取决于丝素的非晶区取向指数;蚕丝在大负荷条件下的力学性质(断裂强度、断裂伸长率)则决定于丝素分子整体的取向指数.上述力学性质与丝素的结晶度之间似不存在明显的依存关系.     

Preparation of MgO films as buffer layers by laser-ablation at various substrate temperatures

MgO thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrates by laser ablation under various substrate temperatures (Tsub),expecting to provide a candidate buffer layer for the textured growth of functional perovskite oxide films on Si substrates.The effect of Tsub on the preferred orientation,crystallinity and surface morphology of the films was investigated.MgO films in single-phase were obtained at 473-973 K.With increasing Tsub,the preferred orientation of the films changed from (200) to (111).The crystallinity and surface morphology was different too,depending on Tsub.At Tsub=673 K,the MgO film became uniform and smooth,exhibiting high crystallinity and a dense texture.     

Growth and microstructure of AlN whiskers and dendrites

AlN whiskers or dendrites were synthesized with a sublimation-recrytallization method by using Al,AlN powders and some additives as raw materials.Whiskers with different sizes that featured high purity and good crystallinity were obtained by controlling temperature and gas supersaturation in the reaction container,The whiskers were described as long and straight single crystals of approximately 1-30 um in diameter by the centimeter range in length.However,AlN dendrites were about 1mm in diameter by 0.5cm in length,and showed an obviously preferential growth orientation.i.e.,perpendicular to [211] and [1011] planes.It is concluded that the whiskers or dendrites grow via the vapor-solid mechanism.     

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TENSILE STRENGTH,BREAKING ELONCATION,CRYSTALLINITY AND ORIENTAHON OF SILK

In this paper,the relation between the tensile strength,breaking elongationand the Crystallinity,Orientation of silk was studied,which obtalned from thecocoons with different silk worm races,sexes,cocooning conditions.The Crystallinity and degree of Crystal Orientation of fibroin were determinedby the X-ray diffraction.and the birefringence of fibroin was measured withInterference microscope.The research showed that the dependence of strength and elongation of rawsilk on Its crystailinity was not so closed.Although there was linear correlation ofstrength with the birefringence and the degree of crystal orientation of fibroin.But the correlation coefficient of the former was larger than the latter.Therefore,adopting birefringence method which would reflected the degree of orlentation ofboth the amorphous and crystalline region of fibroln was suitable for consideringthe strength.The correlation coefficients of strength and elongation withbirefringence were 0.96 and 0.77 respectively.The latter one was smal     

牵伸条件对聚酯长丝性能的影响

聚酯在高速纺丝过程中,施以不同的拉伸倍数与温度,会造成纤维结晶度与取向度的变化,从而影响纤维的物理性能.文章通过对不同拉伸倍数及不同温度处理的POY的分析,探讨长丝纱的强度、伸长度及沸水收缩率等物理机械性能随处理条件变化的影响情况.为异收缩聚酯纺毛产品的开发提供参考.