制造资源共享技术研究与实现

为了实现制造企业间的制造资源共享,提出了制造资源共享模型,在此基础上,分析了集中式、分布式及集中分布式制造资源共享体系结构,提出了以网络化制造平台、重点城市制造业信息化ASP平台和企业制造资源共享管理系统为主体的三级制造资源共享模式,开发了制造资源共享系统,介绍了该系统在四川省制造业信息化工程中的应用。     

The evolving factory of the future: Integrating manufacturing and information systems

In recent years there have been rapid developments in both manufacturing and information technologies and their systems. Advances have occured so rapidly that often the results has been “islands” of automation and information subsystems, such as CAD/CAM, robotics, group technology, and office automation. Some recent developments, however, provide capabilities for integrating these “islands” into systems which both improve manufacturing productivity and produce more meaningful management information. Integrated systems seem imminent. Suggestions that could help ensure a smooth evolution toward these systems are made and some conclusions are drawn.     

A fuzzy-decision-tree approach for manufacturing technology selection exploiting experience-based information

Manufacturing technology selection is traditionally a human-driven approach where the trade-off of alternative manufacturing investments is steered by a group of experts. The problem is a semi-structured and subjective-based decision practice influenced by the experience and intuitive feeling of the decision-makers involved. This paper presents a distinct experience-based decision support system that uses factual information of historical decisions to calculate confidence factors for the successful adoption of potential technologies for a given set of requirements. A fuzzy-decision-tree algorithm is applied to provide a more objective approach given the evidence of previous manufacturing technology implementation cases. The model uses the information relationship of key technology decision variables, project requirements of an implemented technology case and the success outcome of a project to support decision problems. An empirical study was conducted at an aircraft manufacturer to support their technology decision for a typical medium complexity assembly investment project. The experimental analysis demonstrated encouraging results and practical viability of the approach.     

Achieving e-Manufacturing: multihead control and web technology for the implementation of a manufacturing execution system

Intelligent Manufacturing Systems requires advanced and efficient manufacturing technologies, management and procedures in order to achieve value creation in global markets. E-Manufacturing is the set of information technologies that allows companies to achieve on demand manufacturing through the integration of e-business applications. Cornerstone of this concept are Demand Flow Technology, Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Digital Operational Method Sheets (OMS) which are vital to control shop floor operations where there is a need to balance manual and automated operations. Specially, Mexican companies face large diversity of products and multiple production lines, with high turnaround rotation of the workers. A low cost solution that integrates Demand Flow Technology, MES with Digital OMS is described, the system has been developed using LINUX servers, Multi-head control technology (multiple monitors to a single server) and a WEB based environment. This technological solution offers an affordable, stable, and high performance solution to transform the production into a more balanced system with shorter and faster cycles allowing a company to achieve e-Manufacturing. Received: February 2005/Accepted: January 2006     

Internet化学信息的系统挖掘工具

本文简要介绍中国科学院过程工程所(原化工冶金所)在Internet化学化工信息资源系统挖掘方面正在形成的一个较完整的化学专业信息获取平台,包括:(1)国家科学数字图书馆化学学科信息门户ChIN;(2)网络化学化工专业搜索引擎ChemEngine;(3)化学深层网挖掘工具ChemDB Portal.其中ChIN已经成熟,是国内权威、中国唯一被国际承认的网络化学资源导航系统;ChemEngine是通用搜索引擎技术与化学相关的领域知识相结合形成的化学化工专业搜索引擎,初步测试优于国际具有类似功能的系统:德国的ChemGuide和美国的Chemlndustry.ChemDB Portal则是正在进行的、基于XML对化学深层网数据进行提取和索引方法的研究,这一方法尚未见报道.这些工具可为检索网络化学相关信息提供更方便、更好的专业化解决方案.     

基于嗅探技术的内部网络安全研究

网络边界处的防火墙系统可以有效防御一些来自外网的攻击,在入侵检测系统的实时保护下,理论上可以保障内网安全无忧。然而,内部网络的非法操作更隐蔽、更有威胁。针对这种情况,通过嗅探技术对内网进行实时的流量监控和数据包分析,较好地加强和保障了内网的安全。     

Interface methods for using intranet portal organizational memory information system

In this paper, an intranet portal is considered as an information infrastructure (organizational memory information system, OMIS) supporting organizational learning. The properties and the hierarchical structure of information and knowledge in an intranet portal OMIS was identified as a problem for navigation tools of an intranet portal interface. The problem relates to navigation and retrieval functions of intranet portal OMIS and is expected to adversely affect user performance, satisfaction, and usefulness. To solve the problem, a conceptual model for navigation tools of an intranet portal interface was proposed and an experiment using a crossover design was conducted with 10 participants. In the experiment, a separate access method (tabbed tree tool) was compared to an unified access method (single tree tool). The results indicate that each information/knowledge repository for which a user has a different structural knowledge should be handled separately with a separate access to increase user satisfaction and the usefulness of the OMIS and to improve user performance in navigation.     

An evaluation framework for deploying Web Services in the next generation manufacturing enterprise

In today's competitive manufacturing environment, the ability to effectively and efficiently manage the flow of information is a vital competency. Manufacturing enterprises must be able to integrate their internal business processes horizontally and vertically, and they are increasingly required to support federated business processes with other members of their respective virtual value chains. Web Services, an emerging form of service-oriented architecture for distributed computing, have the potential to serve as a key enabling technology to support these requirements. Leveraging the inherent interoperability of Internet and Worldwide Web technologies, they enable cooperative processing across heterogeneous computing environments. This paper presents a framework for evaluating the viability of Web Services technologies to be incorporated into enterprise information architectures to support the business needs and requirements of next generation manufacturing enterprises. It examines economic, technical, and organizational contexts that will influence the ability of manufacturing-related enterprises to deploy advanced information architectures based on Web Services to support the complex business processes needed to collaborate with suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders in virtual enterprise environments.     

Age differences in constraints encountered by seniors in their use of computers and the internet

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore older computer users’ constraints at various age stages. We investigated perceived barriers experienced by older adults in the use of computer-mediated information technology in different age segments (the pre-senior, the young-old, and the older-old). Two hundred forty-three senior computer users participated in the study. Respondents’ ages ranged from 50 to 93. Results from exploratory factor analysis and one-way analysis of variance suggested that there were four dimensions of constraints encountered by seniors while dealing with computer-based technologies: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural, and functional constraints. These results indicated that senior users might face diverse barriers at different age stages. Implications for developing an effective programming for older adults and research limitations were discussed at the end.     

基于Internet／Intranet的远程实时信息系统的构造

文中介绍了Browser/WebServer/Component程序模式的特点，阐述了如何利用新技术在Internet/Intranet环境下构造远程实时信息系统，介绍了作用开发的面向工业监控的软件InterDAS系统。     

Evaluation of intranets in a distributed environment

The capture and dissemination of intra-organizational information is widely recognized to be essential for supporting operational and strategic corporate decision-making. Intranet technology has proven to be effective in accessing and disseminating intra-organizational data and knowledge, yet because of the novelty of intranets, very little research has been conducted to understand this technology in terms of its planning, management, and implementation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of intranet technology in a distributed environment with respect to its contributions to interconnectivity, information dissemination, process reengineering, organizational performance, and team collaboration.     

Failures detection and cascading analysis of manufacturing services collaboration toward industrial internet platforms

Industrial Internet or industrial cloud platforms based manufacturing collaboration in the form of services, namely manufacturing services collaboration (MSC), is being the new generation of networked manufacturing mode. In the process of MSC, a lot of failures would occur due to different reasons, and then propagate to cause other parts of failures. However, the classification of failures in MSC is unclear, the occurrence and propagation of failures are difficult to detect, and the control strategies for the failures and their corresponding propagation is insufficient, which lead to the lower users’ collaboration participation in the platforms. In order to solve the above problems, the failures detection, failures cascading propagation analysis and specific control strategies for the platform-based MSC are investigated in this study. Firstly, the model of manufacturing services collaboration network (MSC-Net) is established by introducing the collaborative relations aware community of complex network. Then six types of failures occurred in MSC-Net are defined, corresponding detection methods for the defined failures are presented. The specific cascading propagation characteristics of different failures are revealed. The control strategies for different failures as well as their cascading propagation in MSC-Net are proposed. Finally, a 3D Printing case is given to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methods.     

基于B/S的轮胎企业MES系统研发

本文针对轮胎企业现有自动化系统的特点及存在的问题,提出在原有PCS系统基础上进行MES系统改造。通过分析,基于B/S的体系结构能够更好的满足轮胎企业MES改造的实际情况,并利用Hibernate数据对象持久化技术,有效避免了采用传统方法而带来的软件系统风险。     

基于互联网技术的问答系统研究

从人工智能研究一开始，自然语言处理就是其中一个非常重要的研究领域。问答系统又是自然语言处理领域中一个非常热门的研究方向，基于互联网的问答系统是已经成为计算机应用研究的热点之一。本文主要介绍了在基于互联网技术的问答系统中一些技术以及其应用领域。     

The role of perceived organizational support,distributive justice and motivation in reactions to new information technology

Despite tremendous investments in information technology (IT), many technological interventions in organizations fail because employees do not fully accept and use IT. The present study explored how perceived organizational support and distributive justice affect employee reactions to new IT from a motivational point of view. Self-determination theory was used to understand how different motivational styles, varying in degree of self-determination, mediate the relationship of perceived organizational support and distributive justice with reactions to new IT. Results showed that perceived organizational support and distributive justice were associated with intrinsic and identified motivation to use the IT, but only POS was related to enjoyment and acceptance of the IT. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were both associated with IT usage, but IT usage was associated with enjoyment and acceptance only when people were intrinsically motivated. Intrinsic motivation also mediated the effects of POS on enjoyment and acceptance. Moreover, intrinsically motivated users were less likely to use a paper-based appointment booking alternative than those who were not. Implications for managing IT implementations are discussed.     

Mass customized/personalized manufacturing in Industry 4.0 and blockchain: Research challenges,main problems,and the design of an information architecture

Mass customized and mass personalized production has become facilitated by the fourth industrial revolution. The resulting industrial environments require the development of information systems able to take the specifications of customers and convey them to the production system in such a way as to contribute to the coordination of all the stakeholders and activities required to fulfill the orders of the customers. This is beyond the capabilities of traditional systems based on MRP and ERP, since the information should be managed in a flexible and decentralized way to exploit the Smart Manufacturing facilities of Industry 4.0. Blockchain, instead, is a technology that provides those features constituting a sound information supporting basis for mass customized/personalized production. Consequently, we explore the potential of blockchain as an information technology able to support industries that base their business models on mass customized/personalized production processes. This survey allows us to identify important challenges for further developments, highlighting three issues in the production setting: (i) to deepen the interoperability of systems, (ii) to generate more implementations, and (iii) to develop efficient consensus protocols. As a response to these insights we provide a conceptual design of how blockchain contributes to managing efficiently mass customized production systems. In our design the information of customer specifications can be fused with data from the production process to generate a plan to fulfill the demand. This design arises as a solution approach to three stated problem, which are faced by mass customized production systems.     

The impact of AMT practices on firm performance in manufacturing SMEs

This research deals with the use of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to find out the types of AMT to adopt to improve the manufacturing parameters that have significant impact on firm performance. In the research firstly, the current situation in AMT use in SMEs is examined. Secondly, the relationship between manufacturing parameters and firm performance is investigated. Finally, the relationship between the types of AMT and manufacturing parameters is investigated. The sampling pool includes 102 manufacturing SMEs that introduced AMTs. Our findings show that local area network, computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing technologies are the most commonly used and automated storage, robotics, and wide area network technologies are the least commonly used AMTs in SMEs. In addition, the statistical association between manufacturing parameters and firm performance indicate that product design performance, fixture utilization, setup and production planning performance have positive impact, while capacity utilization and finished product inventory need have negative impact on firm performance.     

Data fusion for adaptive control in manufacturing: Impact on engineering information models

Data fusion is the integration and analysis of data from multiple sensors to develop a more accurate understanding of a situation and determine how to respond to it. Although data fusion can be applied in many situations, this paper focuses on its application to manufacturing and how it changes some of the more traditional, less adaptive information models that support the design and manufacturing functions. The paper consists of four parts. The first section explains what data fusion is and its impact on manufacturing. The second section describes what an information system architecture is and explains the natural language-based information modeling methodology used by this research project. The third section identifies the major design and manufacturing functions, reviews the information models required to support them, and then shows how these models must be extended to support data fusion. The fourth section discusses the future directions of this work.     

Intelligent environmental management for SMEs in manufacturing

Currently environmental management is at the forefront of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), especially in certain sectors where its presence is mandatory in order to operate in business. Although SMEs in certain sectors are catching up on their larger counterparts in reducing their environmental impacts, which are mainly due to supply chain demands, statistics clearly show that the majority of manufacturing SMEs are not incorporating formal environmental management system (EMS) into their businesses. The treatment of SMEs as one homogenous group by research has led to a lack of providing real strategies and tools that SMEs can implement and use. Current strategies are fragmented and seen as piecemeal, requiring adaptation and application to a particular sector by SMEs. SMEs do not have the resources required to research all environmental aspects of their businesses, which is a fundamental part of an EMS. Irish EMS support initiatives have but provided grant assistance in contributing towards the fees of external environmental consultants. As a result the majority of SMEs must rely on the help and assistance of external environmental consultants to assist them in taking account of their environmental impacts. Recent research obtained data on the current practices and experiences of Irish SMEs in areas of manufacturing and environmental management. Results of which, compares with previous research carried out in other European countries, however their significance and weightings differ considerably. Responses obtained regarding waste minimisation, recycling and reuse were positive, however, Irish manufacturing SMEs are falling short of initiating formal environmental management systems and front of pipe technologies. The use of information technology in assisting SMEs manage their environmental impacts holds much potential in providing a complete holistic environmental information management system (EIMS), which is already implemented in larger companies. Initial research has identified and developed proven strategies, solutions and tools from ISO 14001 certified Engineering SMEs, which will be used to form an initial base for an EIMS.     

Topic-centric and semantic-aware retrieval system for internet of things

The Internet of things (IoT) has been considered as one of the promising paradigms that can allow people and objects to seamlessly interact. So far, numerous applications and services have been proposed, such as retrieval service. The retrieval, however, faces a big challenge in IoT because the data belongs to different domains and user interaction with the surrounding environment is constrained. This paper proposes Acrost, a retrieval system based on topic discovery and semantic awareness in IoT environment. The initial contents with interesting information is obtained through the combination of two topic centric collectors. The metadata is extracted by aggregating regular expression-based and conditional random fields-based approaches. Moreover, the semantic-aware retrieval is achieved by parsing the query and ranking the relevance of contents. In addition, we present a case study on academic conference retrieval to validate the proposed approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed system can significantly improve the response time and efficiency of topic self-adaptive retrieval manner.