采用纳米Al203和碳纳米管颗粒强化CO2吸收的理论及实验研究（英文）

The influence of nano-particles on CO2 absorption was studied experimentally in a stirred thermostatic reactor. Nano-A1203 and carbon nanotube （CNT） particles which showed different hydrophobic properties were chosen for the investigation. The experimental results were compared with that of micron-size activated carbon （AC） and Al2O3 particles. From the results, no enhancement by micron-size A1203 was found, and with the increase of A1203 concentration, the enhancement factor decreased. However, nano-Al203 showed a weak enlaancement tor me COz absorption. AC and CNT particles all intensified the gas-liquid mass transfer effectively, yet the trend of the enhancement factor with stirring speed for the two particles was different. With increasing stirring speed, the enhancement factor of AC particles was decreased, wl＇iereas in CNT suspensions it was increased. The experimental phenomena demonstrated a difference in enhancement mechanism for different size particles. For nano-particles, besides the influence of adsorbability and hydrophobicity, the micro-convection caused by Brownian motion should be also taken into account. Considering the micro-convection effect, a theoretical model was developed to shed light on the absorption enhancement bv nano-oarticles.     

正十二烷-水乳液吸收丙烷的传质增强作用(英文)

A one-dimensional unsteady heterogeneous parallel mass transfer (ODUHPMT) model was developed for the absorption enhancement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) by the dispersed droplets. An analytical solution for enhancement factor was obtained based on surface renewal theory and the Laplace domain transformation. The absorption rate of propane into water at dif-ferent stirring speeds with the added micro dodecane droplets was investigated experimentally in a thermostatic stirred tank. The mass transfer flux across the gas-liquid interface and the enhancement factor were measured. The results showed that the dodecane has an obvious enhancement effect on propane absorption into water, the maximum enhancement factor reached 11. The enhance-ment factor increased with increasing dodecane volume fraction and decreased with increasing stirring speed. The experiment data agreed well with the model predictions and showed high prediction accuracy of ODUHPMT model.     

微通道内乙醇胺吸收CO2的过程特征（英文）

Process characteristics of CO2 absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine(MEA) in a microchannel reactor were investigated experimentally in this work.A T-type rectangular microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 408 μm was used.Operating parameters,i.e.temperature,pressure and molar ratio of MEA to CO2 were studied.Under 3 MPa pressure,the mole fraction of CO2 in gas phase could decrease from 32.3% to 300×10?6 at least when gas hourly space velocity ranged from 14400 to 68600 h?1 and molar ratio of MEA to CO2 was kept at 2.2.In particular,the effects of temperature on CO2 absorption flux,mass transfer driving force,gas-liquid contact time and en-hancement factor were analyzed in detail and found that mass transfer enhancement by chemical reaction was a crucial factor for the process of CO2 absorption.     

CO2-乙醇体系中界面对流的混合格子Boltzmann方法三维模拟及实验验证（英文）

By using a hybrid lattice-Boltzmann–finite-difference method (hybrid LBM–FDM method), three-dimensional simulations of solutal interfacial convection were conducted for the process of CO2 absorption into ethanol. A self-renewal interface model is adopted as an interfacial perturbation model. The simulation results revealed some three-dimensional features of the induced interfacial convection, such as the development of diverging cellular flow and Rayleigh plume-like convection in liquid phase. The concentration distribution of the simulation result is validated and found to be in wel agreement with the Schlieren visualization results qualitatively. Addi-tionally, the mass transfer enhancements by interfacial convection were investigated via both simulation and experiment for the absorption process, and the mass transfer is shown to be enhanced by the interfacial convec-tion by about two-fold comparing with that by diffusion.     

鼓泡塔中低浓度表面活性剂对CO2吸收传质系数的影响（英文）

The effect of different surfactants (n-octyltrimethylammonium bromide (OTABr), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween 80) with different critical micelle concentrations (CMC) on the CO2 absorption into aqueous solutions in a bubble column is analyzed in the present work. The presence of these surfactants in-creased the gas–liquid interfacial area, and decreased the liquid phase mass transfer coefficient, but with signif-icant different extent. The results indicated that the CMC can be a key parameter affecting the mass transfer of CO2 absorption into a dilute aqueous solution of a surfactant. Sardeing's model was used to fit the experimental data successfully by re-correlating the parameters.     

黄腐酸吸收CO2的研究

全球气候变暖已经成为一项世界性的环境问题,温室气体的主要成分CO₂的减排成为人们关注的焦点。现今各国都在研究降低CO₂排放的措施,希望能够开发一种易于工业化应用的吸收剂。通过研究黄腐酸浓度、CO₂流量、反应温度、吸收时间和循环次数对黄腐酸吸收CO₂效果的影响,探索黄腐酸作为CO₂吸收剂的新工艺。结果表明,黄腐酸吸收CO₂的最佳反应条件：黄腐酸浓度为0.03 g/mL、反应大气压为1.01×10⁵ Pa、吸收时间为60 min、反应温度为20 ℃,CO₂流量为0.14 L/min。黄腐酸吸收CO₂的循环次数可超过20次之多,CO₂吸收量随着黄腐酸循环次数的增加整体呈下降趋势。     

利用连续式膜气液接触器制备纳米CaCO3:粒子形貌和膜污染（英文）

Nanosized calcium carbonate particles were prepared with a continuous gas-liquid membrane contactor. The effects of Ca(OH)2 concentration, CO2 pressure and liquid flow velocity on the particles morphology, pressure drop and membrane fouling were studied. With rising Ca(OH)2 concentrations, the average size of the particles increased. The effects of Ca(OH)2 concentration and CO2 pressure on particles were not apparent under the experimental conditions. When the Ca(OH)2 concentration and liquid flow velocity were high, or the CO2 pressure was low, the fouling on the membrane external surface at the contactor entrance was serious due to liquid leakage, whereas the fouling was slight at exit. The fouling on the membrane inner-surface at entrance was apparent due to adsorption of raw materials. The membrane can be recovered by washing with dilute hydrochloric acid and reused for at least 6 times without performance deterioration.     

紫外光辐照构建含氧空位Bi/（BiO）2CO3增强光催化还原CO2

以BiOCOOH为前驱体,使用绿色、温和的紫外光诱导法制备具有氧空位的Bi/（BiO）₂CO₃。对紫外光辐照不同时间的样品进行光催化还原CO₂性能测试,光催化活性高度依赖于制备过程的光照时间。在所制备的样品中,光辐照时间为50 min时的样品（B-50）表现出最高的光催化活性,其在CO₂还原6 h后的CO累计产量高达88.84μmol/g,为BiOCOOH的4倍。与此同时,CO选择性为100%。通过电化学测试表明,光催化性能的提高可归因于氧空位缺陷能级和Bi纳米颗粒的等离子体共振效应（SPR）的协同作用,调节了能带结构、提高了可见光的吸收范围、促进了光生载流子的分离。这一领域的研究不仅提供了一种简便、低成本的方法同时将氧空位和Bi纳米颗粒引入材料中,而且证实了紫外光辐照是调节材料光催化性能的有效方法,为开发高效光催化剂和还原CO₂提供了见解。     

CO2吸收富液膜法解吸的研究

为大幅降低溶剂再生过程中的解吸能耗,提出了膜解吸再生新工艺。考察了交联剂类型及其质量分数、温度、流速等工艺条件对解吸效果的影响。结果表明,当解吸温度为35℃,CO2吸收富液流速为1 709 mL/min时,以N-β(氨乙基)-γ氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(质量分数50%)为交联剂的甲基聚硅烷-聚丙烯腈复合膜,实现了CO2从解吸富液中的有效分离,CO2富集因子达24.4,渗透通量为969.6 g.m-2.h-1。     

活化碳酸钾溶液吸收CO2的动力学研究

化学溶剂吸收法是实现燃煤电厂烟气中CO2控制排放的有效途径之一。与有机胺溶剂相比,碳酸钾溶液吸收CO2具有溶剂成本和再生能耗等方面的优势,近年来再次受到人们的关注和重视。今在湿壁柱装置中,研究了碳酸钾溶液体系在不同浓度和不同温度下吸收CO2的速率,同时讨论了不同活化碳酸钾溶液对吸收CO2的归一化传质通量的影响。结果表明,加入1%(wt)硅酸钾可以明显提高碳酸钾溶液吸收CO2的速率,相同条件下活化后吸收CO2的归一化传质通量增加约1倍。采用快速拟一级吸收动力学模型,获得硅酸钾活化碳酸钾溶液吸收CO2的本征反应速率常数为8.35×1013exp(-6789.66/T)m3·kmol-1·s-1。     

微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液吸收CO2/N2混合气的传质特性

采用高速摄像仪对400 μm×400 μm T形微通道内单乙醇胺（MEA）水溶液吸收混合气中CO₂过程的气液两相流及传质特性进行了实验研究,微通道内的压力降采用压力传感器进行测量。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量及MEA浓度对压力降、比表面积和传质性能的影响。结果表明,当MEA浓度不变,气液两相流量增大时,压力降、比表面积、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子均增大,并逐渐趋于恒定。当气液流量不变,MEA浓度增大时,压力降、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子增大,但比表面积减小。实验条件下,压力降范围为2.00~5.23 kPa,化学吸收过程的传质系数范围为7.74×10^-4~2.97×10^-3 m·s^-1。对于伴有快速化学反应的传质过程,以Sherwood数、Reynolds数、Schmidt数及增强因子为变量建立了体积传质系数的预测关联式,平均偏差为5.09%,具有良好的预测性能。     

三维菱形结构微通道内气液传质与强化

研究了具有三维交错菱形结构的微通道对离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim][BF₄])水溶液吸收CO₂过程的传质增强作用。实验主要聚焦于弹状流和破碎弹状流。考察了弹状流型下气液流量、离子液体浓度对体积传质系数k_La、增强因子E、CO₂吸收率X及压力降ΔP的影响。结果表明,较之于直通道,三维菱形通道可以显著提高体积传质系数和CO₂吸收率,其增强因子可达2.1,压力降仅增加 0.9 kPa。提出了一个新的体积传质系数k_La预测式,预测效果良好。采用VOF法模拟了微通道内气液两相流动过程,获得了连续相的速度矢量场。三维菱形通道能诱导涡流,强化传质过程。     

微通道内气-液传质研究

以CO₂-H₂O为模型体系,实验考察了当量直径为667 μm的单通道和16个并行通道内的气-液传质行为.实验发现,液体表观速度增加,单通道内液侧体积传质系数明显提高;同一液体表观速度下,液侧体积传质系数随气体表观速度增加而增加;在实验数据基础上关联了液侧体积传质系数与气-液两相流参数间的关系.微通道内的液侧体积传质系数较常规尺度气-液接触设备至少高1～2个数量级.并讨论了并行微通道内气-液两相流分配特性对整体传质性能的影响,表明合理设计气、液流动分布结构,可保证微通道内优异的传质特性.     

毛细管中泰勒流液侧传质特性及其强化机理的CFD模拟

采用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法,研究了圆管中泰勒流的液侧传质特性,分析了泰勒气泡上局部传质特性,并研究了气泡上升速度、液膜长度和液栓长度对液膜处和气泡半球帽处平均传质系数的影响。结果表明,泰勒气泡表面局部传质系数存在3个峰值,液膜处的平均传质系数随气泡上升速度增大显著增大,随液膜长度增大而减小,而半球帽处的平均传质系数随气泡速度和液膜长度的增大变化较小,即膜接触时间增加时,液膜处的传质系数降低,而半球帽处传质系数变化较小。另外,引入场协同原则对单元胞内速度场和浓度场进行分析,解释了局部传质特性及强化机理。最后,给出了分别预测短和长膜接触时间下泰勒流液侧体积传质系数的关联式,该式在较宽的管径尺度范围（0.25～3 mm）内的预测误差在±20%以内。     

整体式床层中液体分布与气-液传质的关系

With a particular focus on the connection between liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer in monolithic beds in the Taylor flow regime, hydrodynamic and gas-liquid mass transfer experiments were carried out in a column with a monolithic bed of cell density of 50 cpsi with two different distributors (nozzle and packed bed distributors). Liquid saturation in individual channels was measured by using self-made micro-conductivity probes. A mal-distribution factor was used to evaluate uniform degree of phase distribution in monoliths. Overall bed pressure drop and mass transfer coefficients were measured. For liquid flow distribution and gas-liquid mass transfer, it is found that the superficial liquid velocity is a crucial factor and the packed bed distributor is better than the nozzle distributor. A semi-theoretical analysis using single channel models shows that the packed bed distributor always yields shorter and uniformly distributed liquid slugs compared to the nozzle distributor, which in turn ensures a better mass transfer performance. A bed scale mass transfer model is proposed by employing the single channel models in individual channels and incorporating effects of non-uniform liquid distribution along the bed cross-section. The model predicts the overall gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient with a relative error within ±30%.     

浆料反应增强气液传质

针对液膜区存在复杂反应的浆料吸收体系,通过气体吸收对分散相颗粒溶解增强作用的研究,建立了反应浆料增强气体吸收的三区域模型.采用搅拌槽间歇吸收实验测定了不同搅拌强度和Mg(OH)₂浆料固含率时SO₂吸收速率增强.研究发现,颗粒粒径、浆料浓度、“惰性区”厚度以及待吸收气体分压等参数是影响吸收增强作用的主要参数.考虑气液近界面“惰性区”和浆料表观黏度影响后的三区域模型结果与实验结果具有良好的一致性.     

垂直管内弹状气泡上升时的壁面传质

Wall-liquid mass transfer for Taylor bubbles rising through liquid column in vertical tubes is an important and fundamental topic in industrial processes.In this work,the characteristics of wall-liquid mass transfer for this special case of slug flow were studied experimentally by limiting diffusion current technique (LDCT). Based on the experimental results and the analysis of hydrodynamic mechanisms,it was proposed that four different zones exist,i.e.the laminar falling film zone,the turbulent falling film zone,the wake region and the remaining liquid slug zone.The corresponding correlations for all these zones were developed.     

细颗粒增强气液传质机理及模型研究

分散细颗粒(包括分散固体颗粒和分散液滴)可以明显增强气液传质。简要叙述了目前提出的三种颗粒增强传质机理：传输作用,边界层混合作用和阻止气泡聚并作用,讨论了每种机理可能适用的体系。评述了近年来发展的有代表性的经验模型和基于不同机理的理论模型,并指出今后模型的建立应以湍流理论为桥梁,综合考虑多种传质机理。     

T型微通道内吸收H2S实验研究

在水力学直径为1.00 mm的方形T型微通道内,采用质量分数为40%的N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)吸收含有体积分数为0.12%的H2S混合气体。实验发现,在微通道内可以获得很高的H2S脱除效率,在气液体积比为200∶1时,其脱除效率可以达到99.5%。在微通道内的H2S传质过程中,H2S传质的阻力主要集中在气侧,而且气侧体积传质系数随着气体和液体表观速率的增加而增加。提出了在过渡区的二相流型中,气侧体积传质系数的量纲一经验关联式,其计算值和实验值吻合得很好。通过比较发现,微通道比其他传统设备的气侧体积传质系数高出1—2个数量级。     

阵列凸起微通道内气液两相传质特性研究

研究了阵列凸起微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）吸收CO₂过程的气液两相传质特性。在弹状流型下,考察了气液两相流量、MDEA浓度对体积传质系数、CO₂吸收效率、压力降以及能量损耗的影响。弹状气泡受到阵列凸起的挤压作用发生形变,促进了气液两相间的传质。与平滑通道相比,阵列凸起微通道在实验条件下具有更好CO₂吸收效率。在相同的能量损耗时,阵列凸起微通道具有更大的体积传质系数。