机械合金化及真空烧结法制备TiC/Ti材料

采用机械合金化真空烧结法制备TiC/Ti复合材料,利用激光粒度分析仪、SEM和XRD研究了球磨时间及烧结工艺对TiC/Ti复合材料断裂形貌、微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,将球磨10 h的复合粉末冷压成形,真空烧结到1580℃,保温3 h,可获得综合性能较好的TiC/Ti复合材料,烧结样品的致密度、抗弯强度、硬度分别为91.68%、32.79 MPa和72.3 HRA。     

湿化学法制备W-TiC复合粉体及其SPS烧结行为

采用湿化学法制备W-TiC复合粉体,然后采用放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术制备超细晶W-TiC复合材料,并对其复合粉体形貌和烧结复合材料组织结构进行研究。结果表明,对原始TiC粉进行活化预处理,使TiC粉表面获得均匀分布的缺陷,提高TiC粉表面的的亲水性,通过化学还原获得第二相TiC颗粒,且均匀弥散分布于W基体晶界和晶粒内。采用SPS烧结技术获得的超细晶W-TiC复合材料晶粒尺寸为400 nm,致密度为95%,维氏显微硬度值HV0.2达到1280。     

TiC增强钨基复合材料微观结构及力学性能

利用高能球磨和热压烧结方法制备TiC/W基复合材料,通过微观形貌、相对密度、显微硬度、杨氏模量和抗弯强度等表征方法分析了TiC弥散增强钨基复合材料的效果。结果发现,TiC弥散相有效地抑制了W晶粒的长大,断裂模式转为穿晶断裂,有效增强了W基合金材料的性能,特别是纳米TiC质量分数为1%时,增强效果较显著。与纳米TiC相比,微米TiC增强效果不明显。     

TiC对W-7Cu复合材料组织与性能的影响

以超细/纳米W-7Cu粉末、TiC粉末为原料,采用机械球磨法制备不同含量TiC(0.3%、0.5%、0.7%、1.0%(质量分数))的W-7Cu复合粉体,经压制、预烧、烧结,获得了W-7Cu-nTiC复合材料。研究了TiC添加量对W-7Cu复合材料的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在1300℃烧结后,添加不同含量的TiC,使得W-7Cu材料的晶粒大小从5～10μm细化到2～5μm;相对密度和抗拉强度也得到提高;在TiC添加量为0.3%时,相对密度从98.22%提高到98.63%,抗拉强度从781MPa提高到843MPa;材料的断裂方式从沿晶断裂变为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂混合的断裂方式。说明TiC的添加,起到良好的细晶强化和弥散强化的作用。     

球磨时间对粉末冶金制备Ti35Nb2.5Sn/10HA生物复合材料微观组织的影响(英文)

采用高能机械球磨和脉冲电流活化烧结方法制备了一种新型的β-钛合金基体的Ti35Nb2.5Sn/10HA生物复合材料。研究了机械球磨不同时间的Ti35Nb2.5Sn10HA粉体以及烧结样品的微观组织。结果表明:经机械球磨8h后,粉体中的α-钛开始向β-钛转化。当球磨时间达到12h时,球磨粉体中的α-钛相完全转化为β-钛相,而且得到超细尺寸的复合粉体。用球磨12h的粉末烧结制备的复合材料具有超细晶粒结构,烧结得到的复合材料的硬度和相对密度都随着球磨时间的延长而增加。     

高能球磨时间对CNTs/Al5083纳米晶粉体微观组织及性能的影响

采用机械合金化法制备出2wt%CNTs/Al5083纳米晶复合粉体,研究了高能球磨时间对CNTs/Al5083纳米晶粉体性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM和TEM对该复合粉体的形貌及显微组织进行观察。结果表明,延长球磨时间可改善CNTs在Al5083粉末中的分散性,并使CNTs逐渐嵌入到金属粉末中,同时使复合粉体的晶粒细化。在球磨2.5 h时,晶粒尺寸达到46.4nm。另外,2.5h的球磨时间,会破坏CNTs的结构,同时诱发动态再结晶,使晶粒变粗,不利于粉末烧结。     

放电等离子烧结温度对超细晶W-40Cu复合材料的影响

采用高能球磨法制备了W-40Cu超细晶复合粉体,继而进行了放电等离子烧结(SPS),获得了致密的超细晶W-40Cu块体复合材料,着重研究了烧结温度对复合材料组织和性能的影响.结果表明,随着烧结温度升高,材料的致密度、硬度和电导率也随之升高;在950℃烧结5 min的W-40Cu复合材料,W颗粒尺寸约300～500 nm,相对致密度达98％,显微硬度HV为287,电导率为17.9 MS/m.     

球磨工艺对原位合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料性能的影响

采用不同的球磨时间和球料比,实现了Ti、Al、TiO2和Nb2O5粉末的机械合金化,并以其为原料采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了Al2O/TiAl复合材料.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等对球磨后粉末的形貌、大小、相组成以及其烧结后复合材料的组织进行了观察分析.结果 表明:球磨时间和球料比对粉体的形貌、尺寸和均匀度均存在影响,但延长球磨时间有利于粉体的机械合金化,而球料比对合金化程度影响较小.将球料比5∶1,球磨6h后的粉体在1000℃、40 MPa真空环境下烧结10 min,制备了Al2O3/TiAl复合材料,其显微组织主要由γ-TiAl、α2-Ti3Al、Al3Nb,以及分布在基体晶界处的Al2O3组成,压缩强度为1476 MPa,硬度为490 HV.     

La2O3弥散强化钨合金的组织性能研究

采用机械球磨的方法制备W-1％La2O3（质量分数，下同）复合粉体，将粉体在1823K烧结1h制备出La2O3增强钨合金。对材料的显微组织结构和力学性能进行分析，结果表明：显微组织均匀，氧化镧主要以微小的颗粒分布在钨-钨界面上，钨晶粒尺寸约为10μm～15μm：La2O3增强钨合金的抗弯强度值475MPa，在相同密度条件下，相对纯钨烧结体提高了35％。抗弯断口形貌表明，加入氧化镧颗粒后，钨合金的断裂方式发生了变化，由钨晶粒断裂为主转变为穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂的混合，同时分析讨论了氧化镧颗粒对合金组织性能的影响。     

高能球磨法制备钨铜复合材料研究

用机械搅拌及高能球磨法制备W-15wt%Cu复合粉,对其预压成型后采用两步烧结。用X射线衍射对比分析了球磨后钨铜复合粉与原始钨、铜粉的衍射峰变化,用扫描电子显微镜对所制备的复合粉及烧结钨铜复合材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结复合材料的相对密度。结果显示球磨钨铜复合粉的晶粒尺寸得到细化,且有不饱和固溶体产生,其烧结合金组织均匀,相对密度增大。     

固态相变-热压烧结制备Ti3Al/TiC+Al2O3陶瓷复合材料

采用机械球磨工艺使Ti粉和Al粉在高能碰撞下发生同态相变形成Ti-Al非晶及固溶体，并利用X射线衍射对不同时间球磨结果进行了分析。球磨粉料与TiC和Al2O3粉混合后在真空下热压烧结，促进Ti-Al粉向Ti3Al金属间化合物的转变，最终形成了以Ti3Al为增韧相的陶瓷复合材料，断裂韧度值较单纯TiC陶瓷提高近一倍。     

基于机械诱发自蔓延反应制备TiC基金属陶瓷的组织与性能

以Ti、Mo、C、Ni粉末为原料在氩气保护下通过高能球磨诱发的自蔓延燃烧反应合成了TiC-Ni和(Ti,Mo)C-Ni复合粉末,将合成的粉末经成形和烧结后制备得到了高韧性的金属陶瓷材料,并对碳化物的形成机理以及金属陶瓷的显微组织与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:高能球磨诱发的自蔓延燃烧反应释放的热量造成了金属Ni熔化产生液相,Ti、Mo、C不断溶解于液相并发生反应,生成的TiC或(Ti,Mo)C在液相中形成并析出;制备得到的TiC-Ni和(Ti,Mo)C-Ni金属陶瓷易于烧结致密化,其硬度不低于13.2 GPa,弯曲强度不低于1 559 MPa,与传统粉末冶金方法制备的金属陶瓷相当,但是其断裂韧性高于传统金属陶瓷,可达12.04 MPa·m1/2。     

高体积含量TiC/Fe复合材料的制备及力学性能

以TiC粉、还原铁粉和羰基铁粉为原料,采用行星球磨混料、冷压成型后无压烧结工艺制备了TiC颗粒体积含量为70%~90%的TiC/Fe复合材料,重点研究了羰基铁粉添加量、烧结温度及TiC体积含量对TiC/Fe复合材料的微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明:羰基铁粉的最佳添加量为铁基体粉体积含量的60%。当TiC体积含量一定时,随烧结温度的升高,TiC/Fe复合材料的相对密度、维氏硬度与弯曲强度均先增大后减小,经1500℃烧结后,复合材料的综合性能最佳。其中,70%TiC/Fe的相对密度及弯曲强度最高,分别为99.5%和437MPa;80%TiC/Fe的维氏硬度最大,为12.2GPa。     

Effect of medium temperature on the dispersion of WC/ZrO2/VC composite powders

This article proposed a novel method to disperse WC/ZrO₂/VC composite powders so as to attain a perfectly uniform suspension. Besides using conventional dispersing means such as adding dispersant (PEG, polyethylene glycol), mechanical stirring, ultrasonic vibration and ball milling, the temperature adjustment of dispersing-medium distilled water had also been employed. The agglomerating and dispersing mechanisms were analyzed by means of TEM observation of WC/ZrO₂/VC composite powders dispersed under five different temperatures, with the results showing that the most uniform dispersion was obtained under the temperature of 100 °C based on the criterion for conglomeration number per unit. The dispersed WC/ZrO₂/VC composite powders were dried and consequently sintered by hot-press sintering in nitrogen atmosphere at 1580 °C with pressure of 30 MPa. The testing results of mechanical properties such as relative density, hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness show that the optimal properties are obtained by using the WC/ZrO₂/VC composite powders dispersed under 100 °C. The surface crack morphologies of sintered samples are investigated and the results show that crack extended in a more tortuous path for the sample sintered from well-dispersed composite powders.     

TiC含量对微波烧结钢结硬质合金组织及性能影响

以铁粉为基体,TiC颗粒为增强相,通过球磨、压制成型,微波烧结制备出TiC钢结硬质合金。结果表明,在1400℃微波烧结时,TiC颗粒与Fe具有良好的润湿性和流动性。随TiC含量升高,合金的晶粒逐渐变得均匀细小,合金的相对密度、显微硬度和抗弯强度均先升高后下降,相对密度和抗弯强度在TiC含量5%时达到最高值,分别为94.61%和1327.20 MPa,显微硬度在TiC含量10%时达到最高值,为760 HV。随TiC含量增加,钢结硬质合金的断裂方式由韧性断裂向脆性断裂过渡。     

The influence of powder characteristics on mechanical properties of Al2O3–TiC–Co ceramic materials prepared by Co‐coated Al2O3/TiC powders

Ultrafine Al₂O₃–TiC–Co (ATC) ceramic is prepared in order to improve the bending strength and fracture toughness of ceramic materials. The ultrafine Co‐coated Al₂O₃ and TiC powders have been synthesized by electroless plating at room temperature, and the composite powders were sintered by hot‐pressing to compact ATC samples. The average bending strength, average hardness and average fracture toughness values of ATC ceramic with different particle sizes and Co contents were investigated. The toughening mechanism of the ultrafine ATC ceramic was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ceramic performance testing methods. The results show that the relative density, bending strength and fracture toughness values increase remarkably with the increase of Co content. The ultrafine grain of original powders is beneficial to improve the relative density, strength and toughness values of ATC ceramic. The Co phase hinders the growth of ATC ceramic grains during sintering. The Co phase forms a three‐dimensional mesh skeleton structure during sintering, improving the fracture toughness and strength of the composite ceramic.     

Fabrication of cast carbon steel with ultrafine TiC particles

The carbon steels dispersed with ultrafine TiC particles were fabricated by conventional casting method. The casting process is more economical than other available routes for metal matrix composite production, and the large sized components to be fabricated in short processing time. However, it is extremely difficult to obtain uniform dispersion of ultrafine ceramic particles in liquid metals due to the poor wettability and the specific gravity difference between the ceramic particle and metal matrix. In order to solve these problems, the mechanical milling (MM) and surface-active processes were introduced. As a result, Cu coated ultrafine TiC powders made by MM process using high energy ball milling machine were mixed with Sn powders as a surfactant to get better wettability by lowering the surface tension of carbon steel melt. The microstructural investigations by OM show that ultrafine TiC particles are distributed uniformly in carbon steel matrix. The grain sizes of the cast matrix with ultrafine TiC particles are much smaller than those without ultrafine TiC particles. This is probably due to the fact that TiC particles act as nucleation sites during solidification. The wear resistance of cast carbon steel composites added with MMed TiC/Cu-Sn powders is improved due to grain size refinement.     

Spark plasma sintering of TiC particle-reinforced molybdenum composites

In order to improve the recrystallization resistance and the mechanical properties of molybdenum, TiC particle-reinforcement composites were sintered by SPS. Powders with TiC contents between 6 and 25 vol.% were prepared by high energy ball milling. All powders were sintered both at 1600 and 1800 °C, some of sintered composites were annealed in hydrogen for 10 h at 1100 up to 1500 °C. The powders and the composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and XRD. The microhardness and the density of composites were measured, and the densification behavior was investigated. It turns out that SPS produces Mo–TiC composites, with relative densities higher than 97%.The densification behavior and the microhardness of all bulk specimens depend on both the ball milling conditions of powder preparation and the TiC content. The highest microhardness was obtained in composites containing 25 vol.% TiC sintered from the strongest milled powders. The TiC particles prevent recrystallization and grain growth of molybdenum during sintering and also during annealing up to 10 h at 1300 °C. Interdiffusion between molybdenum and carbide particles leads to a solid solution transition zone consisting of (Ti_1 −x Mo_x)C_y carbide. This diffusion zone improves the bonding between molybdenum matrix and TiC particles. A new phase, the hexagonal Mo₂C carbide, was detected by XRD measurements after sintering. Obviously, this phase precipitates during cooling from sintering temperature, if (Ti_1 −x Mo_x)C_y or molybdenum, are supersaturated with carbon.     

机械合金化W-Ni-Fe纳米复合粉的制备及结构研究

W,Ni,Fe粉末按照91.16W6．56Ni2.26Fe和95W5Ni的成分配比进行了机械合金化(MA)．通过调整球磨转速、球磨时间等工艺参数研究了其对粉末结构的影响,并对机械合金化粉末的物相、合金化特性、晶粒尺寸、点阵畸变及粉末形貌和颗粒度作了测定和分析讨论.机械合金化使晶粒细化并产生孪晶和位错．有利于原子扩散形成过饱和固溶体和非晶；高的球磨能有利于形成非晶相、晶粒细化和点阵畸变，350r／min球磨20h后晶粒尺寸可达25nm；输入的球磨能不同．粉末粒度的变化路径不同，但都会经历长大，变小和稳定三个不同阶段.