Cyclic delay transmission for unique word OFDM systems

In this article, we propose a cyclic delay diversity （CDD） transmission scheme for unique word （UW） OFDM system, which is denoted as CDD-UW-OFDM. In our proposed CDD-UW-OFDM system, the first transmit antenna transmits a UW-OFDM and then, for every UW-OFDM block, the i-th transmit antenna transmits a cyclically delayed version of the symbols transmitted at the first transmit antenna. With this proposed CDD-OFDM system, each antenna transmission is a UW-OFDM. Also, at the receiver under a certain condition on the cyclic delay amounts, the received signal is equivMent to that of a single transmit antenna UW-OFDM transmission with a longer multipath channel. We design the lengths of UW and cyclic delays to achieve the full multipath and spatial diversities for the CDD-UW-OFDM system when the linear MMSE receiver is used. We then present some simulation results to illustrate the claimed performance of the proposed system.     

Space–time code selection for OFDM–MISO systems

In this paper, a space–time code selection technique for multiple transmit antenna OFDM systems is proposed, and a constant-rate transmission mode for the space–time code selection technique is introduced. Subcarriers are divided into subcarrier groups and a comparison of the equivalent SISO channel envelopes with a set of predetermined threshold levels for a central subcarrier of each group is performed at the receiver, which decides on the subcarriers to be used at each antenna and sends this information to the transmitter. The transmitter adjusts the space–time code to the number of selected antennas at each subcarriers group using four bits for feedback information per group. Simulation results show that the system performs well for a range of Doppler frequencies for correlated and uncorrelated channels, outperforming transmit antenna selection techniques and adaptive transmit antenna diversity systems for both variable-rate and constant-rate transmission modes.     

减轻CMT中乱序程度的发送端数据分配方案

为减轻多径并行传输（concurrent multipath transfer,CMT）系统中的接收端数据包乱序对系统传输性能的影响,提出一种新的发送端数据分配方案。方案基于路径带宽、往返传输时延和拥塞窗口预测数据包前向传输时延,并将其作为划分系统中路径传输优先级的度量因子,发送端根据路径传输优先级和发送缓存区状态为各路径分配待发送队列中不会导致接收端乱序的数据包。仿真结果表明,与轮询和一种基于分组到达时间的负载均衡算法（arrival-time matching load-balancing,ATLB）算法相比,所提发送端数据分配方案可有效减少接收端乱序数据包个数。     

独特字块结构的单载波时频混合均衡器设计

在单载波块传输系统中,提出了一种更适用于基于独特字块结构的时频混合判决反馈均衡器的设计方法。该方法利用独特字的已知特性,在接收端将经过信道的独特字和有用数据分开,再进行均衡处理,恢复出原始数据。根据这一方法,给出了基于独特字块结构的判决反馈均衡器的最优结构和次优结构。仿真结果表明,基于独特字的最优结构时频混合判决反馈均衡器相比传统基于循环前缀的时频混合均衡器性能有很大的提升;复杂度降低的次优时频混合判决反馈均衡器的误码性能仍要好于基于循环前缀的均衡器。     

迫零干扰抵消的满分集四发射天线的STBC解码

众所周知,目前四发射天线上还没有满速率和满分集复杂空时分组码(STBC)。提出了一种四发射天线和n R接收天线上的简单准正交空时频分组码(QO-STFBC)的编码方案,其中每两个发射天线为一组,每组通过不同的子载波发射信号。接收方可由奇/偶索引傅里叶运算区分不同的组。在将接收天线上收到的不同信号重组之后,可用等效半速率正交STFBC(O-STFBC)进行解码。因此,在发射端和接收端分别都能获得满速率和满分集特性。仿真结果表明,QO-STFBC编码方案比其他方案具有更好的性能。在传输速率为2 bit/s/Hz,误码率为10-3的情况下,所提出方案的SNR增益分别是:2速分层Alamouti方案大约为4 dB,满速QO-STBC方案约为5 dB,半速O-STBC方案约为7 dB。     

无线传感网络中基于自动学习机的数据传输策略

尽管多径路由能够提高数据包传输成功率,但是其增加参与数据传输的节点数,提升了网络能耗。为此,提出基于自动学习机的单径路由(Single Path-based Learning Automation Routing,SPLAR)。设计SPLAR路由的主旨在于以最少能耗实现数据包传递率的最大化和端到端传输时延的最小化。通过自动学习机构建每个节点的动作集,并依据环境学习更新每个动作的概率。再选择具有最高概率的动作传输数据。仿真结果表明,提出的SPLAR路由在数据包传递率和端到端传输时延具有较好的性能。     

OFDM超分辨率联合TOA/AOA定位

对无线信号到达时间（TOA）和到达角度（AOA）的精确估计是室内无线定位的关键。正交频分复用（OFDM）是适合多径衰落环境的一种高速传输技术。提出一种联合TOA和DOA的二维定位方法用于OFDM信号定位。算法首先通过信道估计得到信道的频率响应（CFR）,对CFR采用超分辨率算法估计信道时延。首径（first arrival path,FAP）的时延估计就是接收信号的TOA估计。将天线阵列接收信号通过DFT变换到频域,利用同样的算法估计信号各径的AOA/DOA。最后联合TOA和AOA在二维平面上确定目标位置。由于信号是多径、多载波信号,对各载波的DOA/AOA估计在载波间进行处理,再结合各径脉冲响应的幅值,选出属于首径的DOA/AOA估计。在多径环境下仿真表明算法有效且定位精度能够满足实际需要,尤其适合环境中只有一个基站或接入点的情况。     

传输损耗条件下基于循环平稳检测的空时分组码盲识别方法

针对传输损耗条件下空间复用（SM）和Alamouti空时分组码的盲识别问题,提出一种单接收天线下的基于循环平稳检测的盲识别算法。首先通过理论推导,证明Alamouti空时分组码具有循环频率的特性;然后,求取接收信号的四阶循环累积量来观察循环频率;最后使用循环平稳检测的方法,构造检测不同空时分组码循环频率的假设检验,从而对2种码的接收信号进行区分。该方法可在单接收天线下进行,蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,该算法不需要预先知道信道信息、调制方式、载波相位和时间偏移,不需要精确知道载波频偏,识别效果较好。     

TRAP: a high performance protocol for wireless local area networks

The fixed number of available random addresses for randomly addressed polling (RAP) poses a significant problem in terms of scalability in case of many active stations. In such cases, the protocol's performance is significantly degraded. In this paper, we propose a TDMA-based randomly addressed polling (TRAP) protocol. The protocol employs a variable-length TDMA-based contention stage with the length based on the number of active stations. At the beginning of each polling cycle, the base station invites all active mobile stations to register their intention to transmit via transmission of a short pulse. The base station uses the aggregate received pulse in order to obtain an estimate of the number of contending stations and schedules the contention stage to comprise an adequate number of time slots for these stations to successfully register their intention to transmit. Then it transmits a READY message carrying the number of time slots P. Each mobile station calculates a random address in the interval [0…P−1], transmits its registration request in the respective time slot and then the base station polls according to the received random addresses. Simulation results are presented that reveal the superiority of TRAP against the RAP protocol in case of medium and high offered loads. Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed protocol is much simpler than that of CDMA-based versions of RAP, since no extra hardware is needed for the orthogonal reception of the random addresses.     

空间分集技术在CFBM-MC-CDMA系统中的应用研究

给出了一种简单的空时编码方案，提出了应用该方案的基于复数滤波器组调制的多载波码分多址(CF-BM-MC-CDMA)通信系统的模型。理论分析可知，采用空时编码天线发射分集技术的CFBM-MC-CDMA系统与未采用天线分集的系统相比，其多址干扰功率降低了一半。仿真结果表明，系统采用天线分集技术能显著提高其误比特率性能，在低信噪比区域，系统采用两天线分集接收的性能要比采用两天线分集发射的性能好得多。     

一种基于AdHoc的城市车联网广播算法

针对城市场景下道路的复杂性,提出了一种基于节点相对距离与消息类型的广播算法（The Broadcasting Algorithm based on Relatively Distance and Message Type, RDMT-BA）。该算法应用节点的相对移动速度和消息类型决定接听广播的节点,再依据转发闪值和等待时间决定对广播进行转发的节点,进而提高转发的投递率和降低信道中的广播冲突。通过改变节点的数目和速度,文章同时分析了转发参数对覆盖率、转发节省数和延迟等性能的影响,并与洪泛算法进行比较表明,该算法在性能上更加有利于城市交通的管理和改善。     

采用低密度校验码的多天线OFDMA系统

在本文中针对频率选择性衰落信道提出了一种采用低密度校验（LDPC）码的多天线（MIMO）正交频分多址（OFDMA）系统。在这一多用户／多速率系统中,首先通过OFDMA消除用户之间的干扰,从而将多用户环境转化为单用户环境;然后通过联合MIMO软解调与LDPC码解码的Turbo迭代算法,消除发射天线之间的干扰并改善系统的性能。仿真结果表明,该方案可以有效地消除多用户干扰和发射天线之间的干扰,在通过利用空分复用以提高频谱效率的同时,也获得了由LDPC码提供的编码增益。由于该方案对于星座图没有任何限制,因此可以通过采用高效的调制方式进一步提高频谱效率。     

排序QR分组检测方法在MIMO系统中的应用

多输入多输出（MIMO）是未来移动通信系统实现高数据速率，提高传输质量的重要途径，垂直一贝尔实验室分层空时（V-BLAST）系统因其简单的实现结构和高频谱利用率而成为移动通信系统研究的热点。研究表明，空时分组码（STBC）与垂直-贝尔实验室分层空时（V-BLAST）系统的结合可以在提高发送速率的前提下又尽量少的损失系统性能。其基本原理是将发射天线分成几个独立的组，组内数据按STBC方式形成空时码块，各组空时码块同时独立发送。接收端采用一定的检测方法后，系统可以获得复用和分集增益。该文采用一种低复杂度的分组检测方法进行检测，即排序的QR（SQR-SIC）检测方法，在保证频谱效率不变的情况下，得到了很好的比特差错率（BER）性能，同时提高了分集增益。     

32通道无线表面肌电和加速度信号采集系统设计

为满足对肌电信号采集系统无创、便携、更大传输数据量的需求。本文实现了基于蓝牙无线传输协议的32通道肌电和加速度信号采集系统。系统发送端由4组8通道信号采集发送模块组成,完成对表面肌电信号和加速度信号的采集、处理及发送;接收端采用FPGA管理4组蓝牙接收端进行一对一数据接收,同时完成对数据进行统一打包处理并发送到PC机进行数据存储、数据处理及信号波形显示。经测试,本系统一次充电可持续工作6小时,无线通信距离12m,信号噪声比高于70dB。测试结果表明,本系统可应用于手势识别、健康监护等领域。     

Performance of Dual-Polarized DSTTD-IDMA system over correlated frequency selective channels

In this correspondence, we present the performance of Dual-Polarized double space–time transmit diversity (DSTTD) aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) interleave division multiple access (IDMA) scheme over correlated frequency-selective channels for downlink communication. DSTTD system is realized by employing two space–time block code units at the base station (BS). We employ two Dual-Polarized antennas both at the BS and mobile stations. We consider maximum-likelihood ratio detection algorithm at the receiver to detect the signals and to mitigate the effects of multiple access interference and multi stream interference. We implement iterative type turbo decoding algorithm to enhance bit error rate (BER) performance. We evaluate the performance of Dual-Polarized DSTTD-IDMA system based on Stanford University Interim channel models and Long-Term Evaluation channel model. Our simulation results reveal that DSTTD-IDMA system with Dual-Polarized antenna requires higher SNR than uni-polarized antennas. However, it provides the advantage of replacing two uni-polarized antennas by a single Dual-Polarized antenna.     

基于三个定向天线RSS的二维到达角估计

在室内定位设计中,接收信号强度（RSS）容易受到发射功率、信号衰减和多径环境等因素的影响。在锚节点天线高于被测节点天线的应用条件下,提出一种基于RSS的二维到达角（AoA）估计方法。将三个定向天线作为锚节点的波束切换天线且三个波束的方向图重叠,在测向技术中的和差法理论基础上,从多径信号分析和克拉美罗下界推导的角度出发,论证当AoA处于方向图重叠区域时RSS差分处理对于多径和噪声干扰具有一定程度的抑制作用,并研究该抑制效果与波束切换天线参数之间的关系。仿真结果表明,在单个锚节点条件下,该方法在约150 m²的定位区域范围内获得的平均AoA估计误差为4.3°,具有较高的AoA估计和定位精度。     

适用于WSNs的拥塞自适应多径路由算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)数据汇聚特性易导致网络拥塞的问题,结合改进AOMDV协议的多径建立、选择机制的缺陷,提出一种拥塞自适应的多径路由算法。新协议首先引入相关因子模型建立相互干扰度最小的路径集;其次建立路径拥塞信息采集、更新机制,并利用HELLO消息传递。最终源节点通过实时感知路径拥塞信息,自适应选择低拥塞路径来避免拥塞。仿真结果表明:改进的协议显著提高了分组投递速率,降低了端对端时延。     

一种采用坐标交织空时编码的空间调制方案

基于坐标交织正交设计(CIOD)的空时编码,提出了一种新型的4发射天线空间调制(SM)方案。与传统的空间调制技术相比,该方案不仅利用天线序号携带信息,提高了无线通信系统的频带利用率,而且通过空时编码可获得较大的分集增益。接收端采用条件最大似然(ML)算法,大大降低了译码复杂度。在独立和相关信道情况下对所提方案、传统空间调制及空时分组码(STBC)的误比特(BER)性能进行了仿真,结果表明,所提方案的性能优于传统的空时分组码和空间调制。     

一种低功耗无线传感器网络多径路由优化协议

针对无线传感器网络多媒体传输应用中,单通道路由方案无法获得理想效果的问题,提出了一种低功耗多径路由优化协议(EEOR)。在这个协议中,通过邻居之间的消息交互建立最大化多路径,并引入了多路径选择机制来剔除无意义的路径。在多路径建立过程中,首先考虑降低端到端延迟,其次维护网络的能量平衡。仿真结果显示,提出的方案与其他两种路由协议相比网络生命更长、可靠性更高、端到端的延迟和控制开销更低。     

Analysis of a rate-based feedback control strategy for long haul data transport

Digital communication has become fast enough so that the speed of light has become a bottleneck. For example, the round trip transcontinental [USA] delay through a fiber link is approximately 0.04 s; at 150 Megabit/s, a source needs to transmit approximately 8,000,000 bits during one round trip time to utilize the bandwidth fully. As the service rates of queues get large, the time scales of congestion in those queues decrease relative to the round trip time, making the dual goals of keeping buffers small and utilizations high even more difficult to achieve. In this paper we analyze a class of delayed feedback schemes that achieve these goals despite propagation delays and regardless of network rates. We analyze the delayed feedback schemes as a system of delay-differential equations, in which we model the queue-length process and the rate at which a source transmits data as fluids. We assume that a stream of acknowledgements carries information about the state of a bottleneck queue back to the source, which adapts its transmission rate according to any monotone function of that state. We show stability for this class of schemes, in that their rate of transmission and queue length rapidly converge to a small neighborhood of the designed operating point. We identify the appropriate scaling of the model's parameters, as a function of network speed, for the system to perform optimally: with a deterministic service rate of μ at the bottleneck queue, the steady state utilization of the queue is and steady state delay is . We also describe the transient of behavior of the system as another source suddenly starts competing for the bandwidth resources at the bottleneck queue. This work directly applies to the adaptive control of Frame Relay and ATM networks, both of which provide feedback to users on congestion.